西南地区玉米产量对基础地力和施肥的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.01.012

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study was to explicit the effect of inherent soil productivity and different fertilizer measures on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in southwest China, so as to provide scientific basis for improving soil fertility and proper fertilization of the maize belt in southwest China.【Method】Based on 508 maize field trials in southwest China since 2006, we have chosen 5 treatments, including non-fertilizing control (CK), nitrogen and phosphate (NP) fertilizer, nitrogen and potassium (NK) fertilizer, phosphate and potassium (PK) fertilizer, and NPK fertilizer (NPK), to measure maize yield and nutrient absorption, and to analyze the yield, soil and contribution characteristics of inherent soil productivity, as well as yield response and agronomic efficiency. And we evaluated the relationship between the soil foundation and maize yield (or yield gap) by using the line fitting and boundary line method, and assessed the effect of the soil foundation on the stability and sustainability of fertilizer-induced yield by using the stability index and the sustainability index in the maize planting area.【Result】The maize yield based on soil fundamental fertility in the southwest region ranged from 3.9 to 4.7 t·hm^-2 (average: 4.4 t·hm^-2). Fertilization could significantly increase the maize yield. The average yield in the fertilizer (NPK) application area was 7.7 t·hm^-2, which increased 3.3 t·hm^-2 than the yield based on the soil fundamental fertility. The results based on the boundary analysis showed that the high yield potential was 11.5, 12.7, 12.6 t·hm^-2 (average11.7 t·hm^-2) in Chongqing, Sichuan and Guizhou, respectively. The contribution rate of maize yield and fertilizer contribution averaged 57.1% and 42.9%, respectively; the contribution rate of soil productivity increases with the increase yield based on inherent soil productivity. The effects of fertilizers on the increase of maize yield from high to low were as followed: the nitrogen fertilizer > phosphate fertilizer > potash fertilizer in southwest China. The fitting line decision coefficient between maize realistic productivity and inherent soil productivity in Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou and the entire southwest was 0.356, 0.356, 0.393 and 0.434 (P<0.001), respectively. And with the increase of inherent soil productivity, the fertilizer-induced yield gap decreased, whereas the stability and sustainability of the yield increased. 【Conclusion】Improving inherent soil productivity could increase the maize yield and increase the stability and sustainability of the yield, reduce the dependence of maize on fertilizer, and promote the high and stable yield of maize in the southwest China.

Key words: maize, inherent soil productivity, yield, fertilization , Southwest China

XU ChunLi, XIE Jun, WANG Ke, LI DanPing, CHEN XuanJing, ZHANG YueQiang, CHEN XinPing, SHI XiaoJun. The Response of Maize Yield to Inherent Soil Productivity and Fertilizer in the Southwest[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(1): 129-138.

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The Response of Maize Yield to Inherent Soil Productivity and Fertilizer in the Southwest

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