水分胁迫对不同抗旱性砧木嫁接番茄生长发育及水气交换参数的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.02.017

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The threat of drought is a main meteorological factor of agricultural production and rational use of the crops of drought resistant germplasm resources is an important element of biological water saving. This paper aims to study the effect of water stress on the growth and development, water potential and gas exchange parameters of tomato leaves grafted with 2 different drought resistance rootstocks and to investigate the feasibility of biological water saving of tomato via grafting on drought resistant rootstocks.【Method】The experimental was designed by the split plot, the main plot was a grafting treatment composed of the ungrafted tomato of ‘Jinpeng 1’(J), the grafted tomato of ‘606’ (J/T) with drought-tolerant rootstock and‘112’ (J/S) with drought-sensitive rootstock, and the subplot was a soil moisture treatment composed of 80%, 60% and 40% soil relative water content. Pot weighing method was adopted to control soil moisture of tomato. At the flourishing period of tomato plant, the expand functional leaves pigment, water potential and water-gas exchange parameters were determined and the instantaneous water use efficiency was calculated, simultaneously, the yield and fruit quality of tomato in different treatments were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that the yield of grafted tomato was significantly higher than the ungrafted tomato and the yields of J/T and J/S were 17.50% and 11.00% higher than J. Simultaneously, the vertical diameter, transverse diameter, firmness, content of vitamin C and lycopene of tomato fruit of J/T were significantly higher than J and J/S. The content of tomato leave pigments, photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of J/T and J/S with different drought resistance were also significantly higher than J, and at 13:00 the water use efficiency of grafted treatment J/T and J/S were higher than ungrafted J by 15.16% and 7.52%, J/T was also significantly higher than J/S. The yield of tomato showed a significant difference under different soil moisture contents which showed an order of 80%＞60%＞40%, while the fruit quality indicators such as soluble solid, soluble protein, vitamin C and lycopene are contrary to the yield. With drought stress increased, the yield increase of grafted tomatoes was even more obvious. And J/T outperformed J/S, and the yield was 7.47%, 4.71% higher than ungrafted J, respectively, under the condition of the soil relative water content of 80%, and under the condition of 40% of water content, the yield increase rate was up to 38.04% and 22.35%. The contents of tomato leave pigments, photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential and transpiration rate were decreased as the water stress increased. The water use efficiency in 60% soil moisture treatment was higher than that in 40% and 80% soil moisture treatments. 【Conclusion】 Results of the experiment demonstrated that when tomato grafted with drought-tolerant rootstock ‘606’, its fruit yield was higher, fruit quality was better and the photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were also higher, and especially prominent under water stress conditions. It was concluded that the possible way to realize biological water saving to a certain extent for tomato is grafting with drought-tolerant rootstock.

Key words: tomato, grafting, drought-tolerant rootstock, yield, quality, water use efficiency

ZHANG ZhiHuan, HAN Min, ZHANG Yi, WANG Yun, LIU CanYu, CAO BiLi, XU Kun. Effect of Water Stress on Development and H₂O and CO₂ Exchange in Leaves of Tomato Grafted with Different Drought Resistant Rootstocks[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(2): 391-398.

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Effect of Water Stress on Development and H₂O and CO₂ Exchange in Leaves of Tomato Grafted with Different Drought Resistant Rootstocks