Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 1781-1789.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.09.007

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Role and Mechanism of Linoleyl Ethanolamide in Plant Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato

SHAO ShuJun(),HU ZhangJian,SHI Kai*()   

  1. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
  • Received:2021-11-06 Revised:2021-12-10 Online:2022-05-01 Published:2022-05-19
  • Contact: Kai SHI E-mail:ssjun@zju.edu.cn;kaishi@zju.edu.cn

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Abstract:

【Background】Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the important diseases of tomato and causes significant yield losses up to 30%-40%. Nowadays, chemical pesticide is usually used in tomato production, which is effective but increases the risk of food safety and results in environmental pollution. N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are a kind of naturally lipid bioactive compounds in plants, which have been identified to have a variety of immune functions in mammals, however, its function and the underlying mechanism in plant immunity are still unclear.【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of NAEs on tomato plant defense against B. cinerea infection, and to provide a basis for the development of green control technology of tomato gray mold.【Method】The B. cinerea was cultured in medium containing NAE 18:0, NAE 18:2, NAE 22:5, respectively, to evaluate their effects on B. cinerea growth. Tomato ‘Moneymaker’ plants were infected by B. cinerea with or without exogenous NAE 18:0, NAE 18:2, NAE 22:5, and disease index and fluorescence parameters of tomato leaves were measured. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the relative gene expression of B. cinerea Actin in tomato leaves that infected by B. cinerea with or without NAE 18:2 treatment. Transcript abundance of defense-related genes (e.g. PI I, PR-1, NPR1, Nr, ACO1, PYR1a), and contents of plant hormones (e.g. JA, SA, ETH, ABA, IAA) were measured. Fluorescence parameters of tomato leaves and the relative gene expression of B. cinerea Actin were analyzed in ethylene-insensitive mutant infected by B. cinerea with NAE 18:2.【Result】The growth of B. cinerea was not affected by exogenous NAEs treatment during in vitro culture. Exogenous application of NAEs could significantly improve the resistance of tomato plants to B. cinerea, and alleviate the decrease of photosystem II photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) caused by B. cinerea infection. NAE 18:2 had the best effect on tomato plant defense against B. cinerea among the NAEs, which obviously reduced the disease index and the Actin transcript level of B. cinerea by 60%. The expression levels of PI I, PR-1, NPR1, Nr and ACO1 could be induced by B. cinerea infection but not by NAE 18:2 treament. The expression levels of PI I, Nr and ACO1 were up-regulated when plants were pre-treated by NAE 18:2 before B. cinerea infection, and the expression level of ACO1 was the highest. Compared to the control, the contents of SA, JA, IAA and ETH in the leaves were increased significantly after B. cinerea infection, while only the contents of ETH were further increased when pre-treated by NAE 18:2. Moreover, exogenous NAE 18:2 pre-treatment could not improve the defense against B. cinerea in the ETH-insensitive mutant nr.【Conclusion】Exogenous NAE18:2 treatment can increase leaf photosynthesis, transcript abundance of defense-related genes, and the content of plant hormone ETH. It induce the resistance of tomato plants to gray mold, which may depend on the ETH signaling pathway.

Key words: tomato, N-acylethanolamines (NAE), linoleyl ethanolamide (NAE 18:2), gray mold, Botrytis cinerea, ethylene (ETH)

Table 1

Specific primers designed for qRT-PCR"

基因Gene 前引物Forward primer (5′-3′) 后引物Reverse primer (5′-3′)
Actin TGGTCGGAATGGGACAGAAG CTCAGTCAGGAGAACAGGGT
B. c Actin ACTCATATGTTGGAGATGAAGCGCA AATGTTACCATACAAATCCTTACGGA
PI I GAAGTAATTAAGCAGCCACAATATG GCCCCCCTTATTTTTTCC
PR-1 ATCTCATTGTTACTCACTTGTC AACGAGCCCGACCA
NPR1 GGGAAAGATAGCAGCACG GTCCACACAAACACACACATC
PYR1a GAGAACACCGGTTGAGGAAT TGTGACTCGCATCACGACTA
Nr TTTGCGTGTCCAGGTTAGAG GGAGGCATAGGTAGCAGAGG
ETR2 CTAGTGCATCTAGGGTGCGA TCCATCCATTCCAACTCTCA
ACO1 GCGCCACTCTATTGTGGTTA TGCATCACTTCCTGGATTGT

Fig. 1

Effects of N-acylethanolamines treatment on in vitro B. cinerea hyphal growth"

Fig. 2

Effects of exogenous N-acylethanolamines on defense to tomato gray mold"

Fig. 3

Effects of exogenous NAE 18:2 on the transcript abundance of defense-related genes (A) and the endogenous hormone content (B, C) under B. cinerea infection in tomato plants"

Fig. 4

Effects of exogenous NAE 18:2 on nr tomato plant defense to gray mold"

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