膜下滴灌不同灌溉定额对土壤水盐分布和春玉米产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.12.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effects of irrigation quota on distribution of soil water-salt, yield and water use efficiency of spring maize under the condition of drip irrigation under film. 【Method】 In the spring maize growth period, field experiment were conducted with different irrigation quota (4 800, 4 200 and 3 600 m³·hm^-2) in the middle reach of the Shiyanghe Basin in 2014-2015. Soil water and salt space-time distribution of 0-100 cm soil layer, the interannual change of soil salt content and spring maize yield and its components were measured.【Result】 The more irrigation quota was , the more soil water content was in 0-60 cm soil layer. Increasing irrigation quota from 420 m³·hm^-2 to 480 m³·hm^-2, soil water content could be higher than 24.52% of average in 0-60 cm soil layer. In key water requirement period of crop, it could increase the deep soil moisture with 480 m³·hm^-2 of irrigation quota. While it had a serious soil moisture deficit with 360 m³·hm^-2 of irrigation quota. In non-irrigation period, soil salt accumulated in 0-40 cm layer and desalinated in 80-100 cm layer in vertical direction. In the irrigation period, desalt depth increased with increasing irrigation quota in vertical direction. Soil salt desalinated in 0-20 cm soil layer and accumulated in 40-100 cm soil layer, while total soil salt of 0-100 soil layer remained unchanged. In horizontal direction, soil salt migrated in both sides of drip irrigation belt, in addition, the effect of soil moisture movement migrated parts of soil salt which was been kept in arable layer to wetting front edge between the middle of the two drip irrigation belt in horizontal direction. Soil salt content in drip irrigation belt interval was higher than in drippers interval, irrigation quota had no significant effect on ear length, ear rows and rows grains of spring maize, while had significant effect on ear diameter, bald tip length and hundred-grain weight.【Conclusion】Under the condition of drip irrigation, water consumption of spring maize was mainly influenced by irrigation water. Water deficit in a certain extent could elevate water use efficiency (WUE), while yield of spring maize was reduced by 4.45%-20.99%. Irrigation schedule which had irrigation norms of 420 m³·hm^-2 and 10 irrigation frequencies was recommended as the most optimal result of saving water, preventing soil salt from moving up and increasing yield of spring maize.

Key words: spring maize, drip irrigation under mulch, irrigation quota, water-salt transport, yield

WANG Zeng-li, DONG Ping-guo, FAN Xiao-kang, WANG Tian-ren. Effects of Irrigation Quota on Distribution of Soil Water-Salt and Yield of Spring Maize with Drip Irrigation Under Mulch[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(12): 2343-2352.

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