单粒精播对超高产花生群体结构和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.18.019

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】While the population quality declined and the yield decreased of double-seed sowing peanuts in a super-high yield condition, single-seed planting can alleviate the contradiction between population and individuals, to realize a high yield of peanuts. Research was conducted on the effects on peanut ontogeny and population structure under single-seed planting, to explore the ideal plant type and super-high yield peanut reasonable group construction, to further increase the latent capacity of high-yield.【Method】 In 2014, four parcels of super high yield experimental fields of spring peanuts were established in Pingdu, Junan, Guanxian, and Ningyang, respectively. Peanut cultivar Huayu 22 was used as materials to study the differences between single-seed sowing (SS) and double-seed sowing (DS) modes on individual development, population structure, and yield. The investigation of plant trait was conducted on anthesis, pod-setting, pod-filling and maturity period in different trial locations, respectively. At maturity period, the investigation was further conducted on the number of the pod, young pod, immature pod, full pod, tow kernel pod and economic coefficient, respectively. When harvested, experts were organized to conduct on predict yield with specific area.【Result】The pod yield of SS peanuts at each test point was significantly higher than that of DS peanuts, and the average increased by 13.92%. The increase was mainly due to the increase of the pod numbers per plant, the group pod number per hectare (except inunmature ones) was up to 5925 000. Simutaneously, the main stem height, lateral branch length, node number of main stem, leaf number of main stem, branch number, root-shoot ratio, and leaf area index of SS peanuts were significantly higher than those of DS peanuts at the early growing stage, these helped SS peanuts to seal the ridge earlier and increased the effective photosynthetic area. More leaves on the main stem of SS peanuts than those of DS peanuts at the maturity stage prolonged the effective photosynthetic time. The pod yield of Junan was significantly higher than that of other three test points. For all the tests, the pod weight per plant had a negative correlation with main stem height and lateral branch length, but a significant positive correlation with branch number and leaf area index at the pod-filling stage under single-seed sowing. As the highest test point, in Junan, the pod weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with leaf area index and economic coefficient at the maturity stage under single-seed sowing.【Conclusion】In this case, the results indicated that the peanut above-ground plant was redundant under the condition of super high yield. The branch number of SS peanuts was an important factor affecting the pod weight, and the key factor to further improve the yield was to increase the pod number and economic coefficient.

Key words: peanut, single-seed sowing, super high yield, individual development, population structure

ZHANG Jia-lei, GUO Feng, YANG Dian-qing, MENG Jing-jing, YANG Sha, WANG Xing-yu, TAO Shou-xiang, LI Xin-guo, WAN Shu-bo. Effects of Single-Seed Precision Sowing on Population Structure and Yield of Peanuts with Super-High Yield Cultivation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(18): 3757-3766.

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