不同降水年型旱地小麦覆盖对产量及水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.18.003

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to find out the effects of mulching in a fallow period on water storage and high production and to investigate the effects of mulching in a growth period on water-saving and yield promotion, find a new technique of dryland water retention through mulching in a fallow period and growth period in different rainfall years. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out from 2011 to 2014 years in Wenxi, Shanxi province, and utilized the split-plot design with mulching methods in a fallow period as the main plots and sowing patterns in a growth period（FM and DS）as subplots, to study the effects of mulching on soil water storage at the depth of 0-300 cm , wheat yield components, water use efficiency, water-saving, and yield promotion.【Result】Compared with no mulching treatment, mulching in a fallow period improved the soil water storage at the depth of 0-300 cm at the sowing stage. It was increased 40-41 mm in a humid year, 55-58 mm in a normal year, and 70 mm in a dry year, and more water was stored in deep layers in a dry year. Mulching in a fallow period increased water storage efficiency in a fallow period by more than 20% in different rainfall years, and its effects of water-saving lasted from the sowing stage to the booting stage, and the FM in the growth period had better effects. Compared with no mulching treatment, mulching in a fallow period increased wheat spike number, yield, and water use efficiency significantly, yield was improved more than 20%, while water use efficiency was improved more than 15%. With mulching in a fallow period and FM in a growth period, wheat grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight increased significantly. The result also showed that with mulching treatment in a fallow period, soil water in sowing period increased 1 mm can improved the yield by 21-27 kg·hm^-2 in a humid year, 16-18 kg·hm^-2 in a normal year and 13-24 kg·hm^-2 in a dry year, and at the condition of mulching in fallow period, FM in a growth period had better effects on yield improving. FM in a growth period could improve the effects of water-saving and yield promotion, the water saved in a per kilo gram of grain was improved more than 10%, and the yield increased more than 11% when consuming 1 mm soil moisture. 【Conclusion】Mulching in a fallow period of dryland wheat was beneficial for water storage and rainfall conservation during a fallow period, and it had a better effect in a dry year. Mulching in a fallow period can improve soil water storage before anthesis and increase yield mainly by increasing spike number, and FM in growth period had a better effect. Mulching in a fallow period was conducive to improve soil water storage and yield. When the soil moisture in the sowing period was sufficient, mulching in the growth period was beneficial for improving water-saving and yield. When the soil moisture was insufficient, mulching in the growth period would result in wasting water and decreasing yield.

Key words: rainfall years, dryland wheat, mulching, soil water storage, yield, water use efficiency

GAO Yan-mei, SUN Min, GAO Zhi-qiang, CUI Kai, ZHAO Hong-mei, YANG Zhen-ping, HAO Xing-yu. Effects of Mulching on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Dryland Wheat in Different Rainfall Years[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(18): 3589-3599.

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