Abstract: 【Objective】Annual wild soybeans (Glycine soja), the ancestors of cultivated soybean (G. max), are important sources of major genes for resistance to pests, diseases and environmental stresses. The study of genetic diversity is invaluable for efficient utilization and conservation of annual wild soybeans.【Method】Genetic diversity of 544 accessions of annual wild soybeans, collected from Shanxi province, was evaluated by the traits of qualitative, quantitative and SSR molecular markers.【Results】Of 8 qualitative traits, the distribution of Shannon-weaver index and PIC were 0.0243-1.1814 and 0.0073-0.6582, with the mean of 0.5965 and 0.3262, respectively. The leaf shape value was the highest one of the Shannon-weaver index and the stem type value was the largest one of the PIC, while the cotyledon color value was the lowest in both. Of 4 quantitative traits, coefficients of variation were 99.40%, 24.63%, 13.49% and 5.70% for 100-seed weight, oil content, days to maturity and protein content, respectively; and the materials in 37-38W×112-113E plots were richest in accessions (190) and genetic diversity (1.9308). In 53 accessions, 218 alleles were found in 30 loci, with each locus having a mean of 7.27 alleles; and the mean of genetic diversity index was 1.5431,with a range of 0.7869～2.1561; while the mean of PIC was 0.6432, with a range of 0.3164～0.8637.【Conclusion】Of 8 qualitative traits and 4 quantitative traits, there was no correlation between genetic diversity index (shannon-weaver) and longitude or latitude (︱r︱=0.77 and ︱r︱=0.08，P﹥0.05) in Shanxi’s wild soybean. Based on the results of SSR analysis, Shanxi’s wild soybean, with high genetic diversity, was clustered into 5 groups, which showed some rules in the geographical distribution.

Key words: Glycine soja, Agronomic traits, SSR, Genetic diversity