宁麦系列小麦品种的性状特点及相关基因位点分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The phenotypic characteristics, genetic diversity and distribution of the loci controlling important traits in Ningmai series varieties (lines) were clarified by analyzing the main traits of Ningmai series varieties and the genotype of the varieties and lines in order to provide a basis for genetic improvement and utilization in breeding and production. 【Method】The main traits including yield, quality and disease resistance of the twenty-three approved varieties were analyzed, and all the approved varieties and lines were genotyped with Affymetrix 50K array, and some other functional genes were identified additionally. 【Result】Ningmai series wheat varieties had good performance in yield, medium and weak gluten quality, and resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), and poor performance in resistance to powdery mildew and rust. After quality control, 28 253 high-quality SNPs were obtained. The genetic similarity coefficients among the 23 approved varieties ranged from 0.407 to 0.964, with an average of 0.600, and ranged from 0.456 to 0.985 for those among 51 high-generation lines, with an average of 0.684. The spring habit of Ningmai series varieties (lines) was mainly caused by the variation of Vrn-D1, and Ppd-D1 made all materials photoperiod insensitive. Rht-B1b was mostly present in Ningmai series varieties (lines) to reduce the plant height, and there were lots of favorable alleles on thousand grain weight and pre-harvest sprouting. 48.6% of Ningmai series varieties (lines) had the major resistance gene Fhb1 to FHB, and nearly 30% carried the major resistance gene Pm21 to powdery mildew. 【Conclusion】The genetic diversity of Ningmai series varieties (lines) showed a decreasing trend, and it was necessary to strengthen germplasm innovation and broaden genetic background. Ningmai series varieties (lines) carried many favorable genes on thousand grain weight, pre-harvest sprouting and resistance to FHB, and could be used as excellent parents for genetic improvement of wheat varieties. Ningmai series varieties were mainly medium and weak gluten quality type, and the selection of medium-strong gluten and strong gluten varieties needed to be taken into account, as well as the resistance to powdery mildew and rust.

Key words: Ningmai, pedigree, genetic diversity, molecular breeding

JIANG Peng, ZHANG Peng, YAO JinBao, WU Lei, HE Yi, LI Chang, MA HongXiang, ZHANG Xu. Phenotypic Characteristics and Related Gene Analysis of Ningmai Series Wheat Varieties[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 233-247.

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Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Table 1

The performance of main traits in Ningmai series wheat cultivars"

品种 Varieties	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	对照品种 Check	增产幅度 Increase rate (%)	籽粒蛋白含量 Grain protein content (%)	稳定时间 Stability time (min)	赤霉病 Fusarium head blight	白粉病 Powdery mildew	纹枯病 Sharp eyespot	黄花叶病 Yellow mosaic disease	叶锈病 Leaf rust	条锈病 Yellow rust
宁麦7号 Ningmai 7	85.0	-	39.20	34.10	5849.40	扬麦5号 Yangmai 5	6.85	11.23	4.65	MR/MS	MS	MS	R	S	S
宁麦8号 Ningmai 8	80.0—85.0	424.5	40.30	37.40	6322.80	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	2.42	11.30	2.50	MR	MR	MS	MS	S	S
宁麦9号 Ningmai 9	85.0	465.0	44.30	35.60	6828.75	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	5.38	12.20	2.30	MR	MS	MR	R	MR	MR
宁麦10号 Ningmai 10	95.0	-	36.00	40.00	5973.60	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	3.56	13.50	3.30	MR	MS	MR	MS	S	S
宁麦11 Ningmai 11	85.0	495.0	33.00	40.00	6735.00	豫麦18 Yumai 18	8.57	14.90	6.60	MS	MS	MS	S	S	S
宁麦12 Ningmai 12	90.0	375.0	38.00	39.00	6002.70	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	9.15	15.94	18.54	MR	MS	MS	S	S	S
宁麦13 Ningmai 13	85.0	480.0	37.00	36.00	6350.55	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	9.14	10.90	2.10	MR	S	MS	R	MS	S
宁麦14 Ningmai 14	85.0	495.00	38.00	41.00	6802.50	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	2.17	14.30	2.60	MR	MS	S	MS	MS	S
宁麦15 Ningmai 15	95.0	435.00-450.00	>40.00	>40.00	6373.20	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	7.10	13.48	4.80	MR	S	MR	R	S	S
宁麦16 Ningmai 16	86.0	300.00—480.00	41.00—45.00	39.00—41.00	6920.85	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	4.47	13.20	8.30	R/MR	MS	MR/MS	R	S	S
宁麦17 Ningmai 17	92.5	420.00	41.85	45.76	7102.50	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	7.10	13.30	3.20	MR	MS	MS	R	S	S
宁麦18 Ningmai 18	92.2	500.00	43.20	36.30	6768.45	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	4.63	12.43	2.15	R/MR	R/MR	MS/S	R	S	S
宁麦19 Ningmai 19	86.9	430.00	40.00	39.70	6159.15	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	8.43	13.10	4.70	MR/MS	S	MS	R	S	S
宁麦20 Ningmai 20	85.0	468.00	39.10	39.00	5782.20	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	1.79	14.70	8.80	R	MS	MS	R	S	S
宁麦21 Ningmai 21	86.6	450.0	38.00—40.00	45.00	6511.65	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	5.56	13.94	4.67	MR	S	MS	S	S	S
宁麦22 Ningmai 22	85.0	460.0	42.07	43.70	5940.00	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	7.60	12.57	6.10	MR/MS	MS/S	MS/S	R	S	S
宁麦23 Ningmai 23	95.0	496.5	45.35	42.43	6013.95	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	9.51	13.23	3.60	MR	S	MR/MS	R	S	S
宁麦24 Ningmai 24	80.0	532.5	40.10	39.90	6439.95	扬麦158 Yangmai 158	9.36	12.59	5.00	MR	MR/MS	S	R	S	S
宁麦26 Ningmai 26	79.0	496.4	34.61	43.21	6793.20	扬麦11 Yangmai 11	6.72	14.80	10.30	MR	S	MR	R	S	S
宁麦27 Ningmai 27	84.5	465.2	41.80	39.70	6342.75	扬麦20 Yangmai 20	6.00	11.40	3.00	MR	S	MS	R	S	S
宁麦28 Ningmai 28	85.3	481.5	39.10	41.20	6789.75	扬麦20 Yangmai 20	4.32	14.00	4.30	MR	S	S	MR	S	S

Table 1

Table 2

Distribution of the loci related to important traits in Ningmai series varieties (lines)"

性状 Traits	基因 Gene	标记 Marker	来源 Source	基因型A Genotype A (%)	表型A Phenotype A	基因型B Genotype B (%)	表型B Phenotype B
春化 Vernalization	Vrn-A1	AX-86162267	SNP芯片SNP array	vrn-A1 (100)	冬性Winter	Vrn-A1 (0)	春性Spring
		AX-176643931	SNP芯片SNP array	Vrn-A1b (100)	冬性Winter	Vrn-A1a (0)	春性Spring
		AX-86170790	SNP芯片SNP array	Jagger type (16.7)	春化时间短 Short time of vernalization	2147 type (83.3)	春化时间长 Long time of vernalization
		AX-86170797	SNP芯片SNP array	Calire-type (16.2)	早花Early flower	Hereward-type (81.1)	晚花Late flower
	Vrn-B1	AX-179476571	SNP芯片SNP array	vrn-B1/Vrn-B1c (100)	冬性Winter	Vrn-B1a,b (0)	春性Spring
	Vrn-B1	AX-176643317	SNP芯片SNP array	Null (100)	冬性Winter	Vrn-B1b (0)	春性Spring
	Vrn-D1	AX-89774282	SNP芯片SNP array	Null (5.4)	冬性Winter	Vrn-D1a (93.2)	春性Spring
光周期 Photoperiod sensitivity	Ppd-A1	AX-179399168	SNP芯片SNP array	Wildtype (100)	敏感Sensitive	GS-100 type (0)	迟钝Insensitive
	Ppd-A1	AX-179399166	SNP芯片SNP array	Wildtype (100)	敏感Sensitive	GS-105 type (0)	迟钝Insensitive
	Ppd-B1	AX-179477452	SNP芯片SNP array	Non-truncated (100)	敏感Sensitive	truncated copy (0)	迟钝Insensitive
	Ppd-D1	AX-179399165	SNP芯片SNP array	Wildtype (0)	敏感Sensitive	Deletion (100)	迟钝Insensitive
		AX-179477451	SNP芯片SNP array	Insertion (0)	敏感Sensitive	Wildtype (100)	迟钝Insensitive
		AX-179476570	SNP芯片SNP array	Wildtype (100)	敏感Sensitive	Deletion (0)	迟钝Insensitive
株高 Plant height	Rht-B1	AX-86170699	SNP芯片SNP array	Rht-B1a (0)	野生型Wild type	Rht-B1b (100)	矮秆Dwarf
株高 Plant height	Rht-D1	AX-86170702	SNP芯片SNP array	Rht-D1a (100)	野生型Wild type	Rht-D1b (0)	矮秆Dwarf
千粒重 Thousand grain weight	TaSus2-A1	AX-176643663	SNP芯片SNP array	Hap-G (0)	低千粒重Lower TGW	Hap-A (100)	高千粒重Higher TGW
	TaCwi	AX-86170752	SNP芯片SNP array	TaCwi-A1b (100)	低千粒重Low TGW	TaCwi-A1a (0)	高千粒重High TGW
	TaGS2-A1	AX-179477467	SNP芯片SNP array	TaGS2-A1b (87.3)	高千粒重High TGW	TaGS2-A1a (12.7)	低千粒重Low TGW
	TaSus2-B1	AX-94980963	SNP芯片SNP array	Hap-L (23.6)	低千粒重Low TGW	Hap-H (76.4)	高千粒重High TGW
	TaGS5	AX-86167422	SNP芯片SNP array	TaGS5-A1a (5.4)	低千粒重Low TGW	TaGS5-A1b (94.6)	高千粒重High TGW
	TaCKX-D1	AX-179477458	SNP芯片SNP array	TaCKX-D1b (0)	低千粒重Low TGW	TaCKX-D1a (100)	高千粒重High TGW
	TGW6-4A	AX-176638862	SNP芯片SNP array	TaTGW6-a (100)	低千粒重Low TGW	TaTGW6-b (0)	高千粒重High TGW
	TaGASR	AX-181481120	SNP芯片SNP array	H1g (0)	低千粒重Low TGW	H1c (100)	高千粒重High TGW
	TaGW7	AX-110471140	SNP芯片SNP array	TaTGW-7Aa (95.9)	高千粒重High TGW	TaTGW-7Ab (4.1)	低千粒重Low TGW
	TaSus1	AX-179477464	SNP芯片SNP array	Hap-T (100)	高千粒重Higher TGW	Hap-C (0)	低千粒重Lower TGW
	TaGS-D1	AX-176640664	SNP芯片SNP array	TaGS-D1a (95.9)	高千粒重High TGW	TaGS-D1b (4.1)	低千粒重Low TGW
穗粒数 Grain number	TaMoc	AX-176643151	SNP芯片SNP array	HapH (5.4)	穗粒数多 High grain number	HapL (94.6)	穗粒数低 Low grain number
性状 Traits	基因 Gene	标记 Marker	来源 Source	基因型A Genotype A (%)	表型A Phenotype A	基因型B Genotype B (%)	表型B Phenotype B
抗穗发芽 Pre-harvest sprouting	TaSdr-A1	AX-176644572	SNP芯片SNP array	TaSdr-A1a (100)	低穗发芽抗性Low PHS	TaSdr-A1b (0)	高抗穗发芽High PHS
	TaSdr-B1	AX-176639367	SNP芯片SNP array	TaSdr-B1a (100)	低穗发芽率Low germination	TaSdr-B1b (0)	高穗发芽率High germination
	TaVp-1B	AX-179477457	SNP芯片SNP array	Vp1Ba,b (100)	穗发芽 PHS susceptible	Vp1B1c (0)	轻度抗穗发芽 Slightly PHS resistance
	TaVp-1B	AX-179477456	SNP芯片SNP array	Vp1Bb (0)	抗穗发芽PHS resistance	Vp1Ba,c (100)	穗发芽PHS susceptible
	TaPHS1 (-222)	AX-176641372	SNP芯片SNP array	RioBlanceo type (100)	低穗发芽抗性Low PHS	NW97S186 type (0)	高抗穗发芽High PHS
	TaPHS1 (+646)		KASP标记KASP marker	RioBlanceo type (59.5)	低穗发芽抗性Low PHS	NW97S186 type (40.5)	高抗穗发芽High PHS
	TaPHS1 (+666)		KASP标记KASP marker	RioBlanceo type (59.5)	低穗发芽抗性Low PHS	NW97S186 type (40.5)	高抗穗发芽High PHS
籽粒硬度 Grain hardness	Pina-D1	AX-179477449	SNP芯片SNP array	Pina-D1a (100)	软质Soft	Pina-D1b (0)	硬质Hard
籽粒硬度 Grain hardness	Pinb-D1		KASP标记KASP marker	Pinb-D1a (64.9)	软质Soft	Pinb-D1b (35.1)	硬质Hard
蛋白质含量 Grain protein content	Gpc-B1	AX-179477448	SNP芯片SNP array	Gpc-B1 (100)	正常籽粒蛋白含量 Normal GPC	Gpc-B1 (0)	高籽粒蛋白含量 Increased GPC
高分子量谷蛋白亚基 HMW-GS	Glu-A1	AX-179477455	SNP芯片SNP array	2*, 1 (100)	强筋Strong gluten	Null (0)	弱筋Weak gluten
	Glu-A1	AX-86170659	SNP芯片SNP array	2*, Null (28.4)	强筋Strong gluten	1 (71.6)	弱筋Weak gluten
	Glu-B1	AX-176641422	SNP芯片SNP array	Bx13 (0)	强筋Strong gluten	Non Bx13 (100)	弱筋Weak gluten
	Glu-D1		KASP标记KASP marker	2+12 or other (52.7)	弱筋Weak gluten	5+10 (47.3)	强筋Strong gluten
番茄红素合成酶 Phytoene synthase	Psy-A1	AX-179477462	SNP芯片SNP array	Psy-A1b (100)	低黄色素含量Low YPC	Psy-A1a (0)	高黄色素含量High YPC
	Psy-B1	AX-86170621	SNP芯片SNP array	Psy-B1c (0)	高黄色素含量High YPC	Psy-B1a or Psy-B1b (100)	低黄色素含量Low YPC
	Psy-D1	AX-95219842	SNP芯片SNP array	Psy-D1g (0)	高黄色素含量High YPC	Psy-D1a (100)	低黄色素含量Low YPC
番茄红素脱氢酶 Phytoene desaturase	Pds-B1	AX-176640790	SNP芯片SNP array	TaPds-B1b (56.8)	低黄色素含量Low YPC	TaPds-B1a (43.2)	高黄色素含量High YPC
多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	PPO-A1	AX-86166813	SNP芯片SNP array	Ppo-A1a (12.3)	高多酚氧化酶活性High PPO	Ppo-A1b (87.7)	低多酚氧化酶活性Low PPO
多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	PPO-D1	AX-176642150	SNP芯片SNP array	Ppo-D1b (48.6)	高多酚氧化酶活性High PPO	Ppo-D1a (51.4)	低多酚氧化酶活性Low PPO
脂氧合酶 Lipoxygenase	Lox-B1	AX-176640873	SNP芯片SNP array	Lox-B1b (100)	低脂氧合酶活性Low LOX	Lox-B1a (0)	高脂氧合酶活性High LOX
秆锈病 Stem rust	Sr2	AX-176639455	SNP芯片SNP array	Sr2- (100)	感病Susceptible	Sr2 (Hope) (0)	抗病Resistant
秆锈病 Stem rust	Sr36	AX-176641832	SNP芯片SNP array	Sr36- (100)	感病Susceptible	Sr36+ (0)	抗病Resistant
叶锈病 Leaf rust	Lr34	AX-179477447	SNP芯片SNP array	Tsn1+ (0)	不敏感Insensitive	Tsn1- (100)	敏感Sensitive
叶锈病 Leaf rust	Lr67	AX-176644084	SNP芯片SNP array	Lr34- (100)	感病Susceptible	Lr34+ (0)	抗病Resistant
褐斑病 Tan spot	Tsn1	AX-181481160	SNP芯片SNP array	Lr67+ (0)	抗病Resistant	Lr67- (100)	感病Susceptible
赤霉病 Fusarium head blight	Fhb1	JAASM395	电泳标记 Electrophoresis marker	Fhb1+ (48.6)	抗病Resistant	Fhb1- (51.4)	感病Susceptible
白粉病 Powdery mildew	Pm21	MBH1	电泳标记 Electrophoresis marker	Pm21+ (20.3)	抗病Resistant	Pm21- (79.7)	感病Susceptible

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

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Phenotypic Characteristics and Related Gene Analysis of Ningmai Series Wheat Varieties

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