中国高粱地方品种和育成品种穗部表型性状精准鉴定及综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.11.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Through the research on the phenotypic diversity and genetic variation of the sorghum germplasm resources in the panicle, we will screen for superior sorghum germplasm, enrich the genetic information of sorghum panicle-related traits, and provide a reference for the conservation and efficient use of existing germplasm resources and the selection and breeding of new varieties.【Method】 Using 320 sorghum accessions from different parts of China as test materials, we accurately identified 12 panicle traits (grain length, grain width, thousand-grain weight, grain hardness, grain density, corneous endosperm rate, kernel weight per panicle, main panicle length, panicle neck length, panicle neck diameter, primary branches length, primary branches number) in two different ecological environments. A comprehensive evaluation of sorghum germplasm resources using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and other methods. We screened elite sorghum germplasms with different outstanding characteristics according to the comprehensive evaluation value F and target traits. 【Result】 The frequency distribution of each quantitative trait showed a trend of high in the middle and low on both sides. The two-year frequency distribution and curve trend of grain hardness, kernel weight per panicle and grain density, and corneous endosperm rate were similar at the Baoding and Jinzhong test sites. Most of the traits only showed normal distribution in one year or a single location. Except for the main panicle length and number of primary branches, the other traits differed between the two test sites in the same year. The mean diversity index (H') distribution of the 12 panicle traits ranged from 1.72 to 2.11, among which the average diversity index of grain hardness was the highest, and the average diversity index of primary branches length was the lowest. The coefficients of variation of grain hardness, corneous endosperm rate, kernel weight per panicle, primary branches length, and the number of primary branches were all higher than 30.00%. The cumulative contribution rate of the extracted four principal components was 65.39%. Cluster analysis classified the 320 accessions into three groups, class I can be used as the germplasm for screening process (broom) sorghum; class II is suitable for selecting excellent germplasm for grain (brewing) sorghum; class III was the germplasm with poor panicle traits. We screen 29 superior germplasm with outstanding characteristics according to the comprehensive score value F and target traits. 【Conclusion】 The variability of sorghum germplasm resources in panicle traits was rich and diverse; the coefficient of variation of corneous endosperm rate and primary branches length was high; grain length, grain width, grain hardness, grain density, and kernel weight per panicle were significantly affected by environmental conditions. We screened 29 superior germplasm.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor (L.), germplasm resources, panicle, accurate identification, genetic diversity, comprehensive evaluation

XU Xiao,REN GenZeng,ZHAO XinRui,CHANG JinHua,CUI JiangHui. Accurate Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Panicle Phenotypic Traits of Landraces and Cultivars of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(11): 2092-2108.

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Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

The skewness, kurtosis, and K-S tests of the materials were tested in 320 sorghum accessions"

性状 Trait	年份 Year	保定 Baoding			晋中 Jinzhong
性状 Trait	年份 Year	偏度Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	显著性值 Sig.	偏度Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	显著性值 Sig.
粒长 GL (mm)	2020	0.18	1.00	0.07*	-0.28	-0.21	0.01
	2021	0.26	0.48	0.20*	0.99	2.92	0.22*
	均值Average	-0.06	0.58	0.20*	0.56	0.90	0.03
粒宽 GW (mm)	2020	0.77	0.53	0.00	0.80	1.32	0.00
	2021	-0.28	-0.32	0.00	0.60	0.74	0.00
	均值Average	-0.04	-0.29	0.20*	0.43	0.44	0.05*
千粒重 TGW (g)	2020	-0.11	-0.11	0.20*	-0.32	0.08	0.02
	2021	0.46	0.12	0.00	-0.32	-0.60	0.20*
	均值Average	0.34	0.20	0.00	0.01	-0.36	0.20*
籽粒硬度 GH (N)	2020	0.41	-0.01	0.03	0.62	0.09	0.00
	2021	0.73	0.97	0.02	0.31	0.74	0.03
	均值Average	0.48	0.07	0.05*	0.39	0.22	0.08*
籽粒容重 GD (kg·L^-1)	2020	-0.34	0.02	0.01	-0.55	-0.06	0.00
	2021	-0.28	1.78	0.00	-0.82	0.64	0.00
	均值Average	-0.35	0.57	0.01	-0.55	0.52	0.02
角质率 CR (%)	2020	-0.52	0.24	0.09*	0.08	-1.10	0.00
	2021	0.05	-1.06	0.01	0.06	-1.09	0.00
	均值Average	-0.16	-0.50	0.05*	0.15	-1.08	0.00
穗粒重 KWP (g)	2020	0.31	-0.51	0.00	0.13	-0.52	0.20*
	2021	0.33	0.32	0.20*	2.00	8.54	0.00
	均值Average	0.26	-0.09	0.02	0.34	0.22	0.00
穗长 MPL (cm)	2020	1.18	2.12	0.00	1.00	2.25	0.00
	2021	1.62	7.89	0.00	1.17	3.18	0.00
	均值Average	1.28	5.04	0.00	1.30	3.89	0.00
穗柄长 PNL (cm)	2020	0.25	0.04	0.20*	-0.09	0.17	0.20*
	2021	0.36	-0.24	0.01	0.20	-0.24	0.20*
	均值Average	0.30	-0.34	0.01	0.04	-0.54	0.00
穗柄直径 PND (mm)	2020	-0.15	-0.31	0.20*	0.12	-0.63	0.01
	2021	0.11	0.95	0.20*	-0.02	0.14	0.20*
	均值Average	-0.16	0.06	0.20*	0.00	-0.31	0.00
一级枝梗长 PBL (cm)	2020	3.05	15.93	0.00	3.01	14.88	0.00
	2021	2.74	16.13	0.00	2.12	10.07	0.00
	均值Average	3.27	19.38	0.00	2.99	16.46	0.00
一级枝梗数 PBN	2020	0.92	0.90	0.00	1.18	1.78	0.00
	2021	1.21	2.68	0.00	0.89	1.03	0.00
	均值Average	0.66	0.40	0.00	0.73	0.36	0.00

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Basic parameters and diversity of 12 quantitative traits between two experimental sites in 2 years"

性状 Trait	试验点 Environment	平均值Mean	标准差SD	极差 Range	变异系数 CV (%)	多样性指数 H′
粒长 GL (mm)	E1	4.35c	0.45	2.94	10.43	2.03
	E2	5.49a	0.71	4.59	12.87	2.07
	E3	4.19c	0.31	1.70	7.31	2.08
	E4	4.89b	0.60	4.40	12.19	2.01
	均值Average	4.73	0.37	2.56	10.70	2.06
粒宽 GW (mm)	E1	3.37bc	0.31	1.68	9.09	2.00
	E2	3.85a	0.37	1.99	9.62	2.08
	E3	3.26c	0.29	1.82	8.99	2.01
	E4	3.50b	0.31	1.94	8.78	2.03
	均值Average	3.49	0.18	1.03	9.12	2.07
千粒重 TGW (g)	E1	23.53b	4.14	23.15	17.59	2.05
	E2	21.73d	3.86	20.87	17.74	2.03
	E3	24.76a	4.88	24.62	19.72	2.08
	E4	22.15c	4.45	21.54	20.09	2.07
	均值Average	23.04	3.22	17.10	18.79	2.08
籽粒硬度 GH (N)	E1	5.46c	1.50	8.01	27.48	2.07
	E2	4.51d	1.59	9.26	35.30	2.03
	E3	6.56a	2.14	11.01	32.72	2.05
	E4	5.87b	1.50	9.60	25.48	2.05
	均值Average	5.60	1.18	6.51	30.25	2.11
籽粒容重 GD (kg·L^-1)	E1	0.63b	0.05	0.26	7.20	2.07
	E2	0.56d	0.07	0.53	12.13	2.01
	E3	0.67a	0.06	0.31	9.61	2.03
	E4	0.62c	0.06	0.39	10.04	2.00
	均值Average	0.62	0.04	0.22	9.75	2.04
角质率 CR (%)	E1	57.30a	17.77	88.00	31.01	2.03
	E2	51.60b	24.09	89.50	46.68	2.04
	E3	47.09c	23.52	87.00	49.95	1.98
	E4	45.12d	24.97	95.00	55.35	1.97
	均值Average	50.28	18.60	86.13	45.75	2.08
穗粒重 KWP (g)	E1	45.30b	13.96	68.45	30.83	2.02
	E2	32.18c	10.60	58.52	32.96	2.06
	E3	49.98a	15.02	67.59	30.06	2.10
	E4	26.92d	7.33	64.82	27.22	1.89
	均值Average	38.59	8.73	52.05	30.27	2.07
穗长 MPL (cm)	E1	26.56a	6.48	39.58	24.39	1.96
	E2	25.69ab	5.49	47.76	21.38	1.98
	E3	24.90ab	5.58	37.67	22.39	1.97
	E4	24.33b	5.74	40.67	23.61	1.96
	均值Average	25.37	4.77	39.01	22.94	1.98
性状 Trait	试验点 Environment	平均值Mean	标准差SD	极差 Range	变异系数 CV (%)	多样性指数 H′
穗柄长 PNL (cm)	E1	50.77a	10.93	65.00	21.53	2.07
	E2	40.66c	9.43	52.67	23.19	2.07
	E3	50.23a	9.79	55.53	19.49	2.06
	E4	44.11b	10.10	54.00	22.90	2.06
	均值Average	46.46	8.10	37.68	21.78	2.07
穗柄直径 PND (mm) 一级枝梗长 PBL (cm)	E1	9.43c	1.73	8.70	18.39	2.09
	E2	9.64b	1.36	9.71	14.11	2.05
	E3	9.85a	1.73	8.80	18.56	2.07
	E4	9.72bc	1.83	9.40	16.57	2.07
	均值Average	9.66	1.15	6.16	16.91	2.08
一级枝梗长 PBL (cm) 一级枝梗数 PBN	E1	9.24b	3.42	30.11	37.06	1.75
	E2	9.82a	2.90	29.17	29.57	1.84
	E3	8.80c	3.60	31.60	40.98	1.76
	E4	9.39b	2.91	27.17	30.95	1.86
	均值Average	9.31	2.84	28.01	34.64	1.72
一级枝梗数 PBN	E1	68.83a	23.12	131.00	33.59	2.00
	E2	61.55b	18.00	119.67	29.25	1.95
	E3	67.37a	20.83	124.00	30.91	1.92
	E4	58.19b	15.56	93.35	26.73	1.99
	均值Average	63.99	16.02	86.10	30.12	2.03

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 4

Table 5

Basic parameters of 12 phenotypic traits of 29 sorghums with different outstanding characteristics"

序号^a No.	粒长 GL (mm)	粒宽 GW (mm)	千粒重 TGW (g)	籽粒硬度 GH (N)	籽粒容重 GD (kg·L^-1)	角质率 CR (%)	穗粒重 KWP (g)	穗长 MPL (cm)	穗柄长 PNL (cm)	穗柄直径 PND (mm)	一级枝梗长 PBL (cm)	一级枝梗数PBN	突出特点/建议用途 Outstanding features /Recommended uses
26	5.03	3.53	22.68	3.37	0.62	30.67	41.22	19.83	50.81	7.97	7.15	57.63	低硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅰ Low grain hardness, high grain density/ Brewing sorghum Ⅰ
40	5.30	3.58	25.08	6.70	0.60	34.34	36.67	25.54	55.95	8.95	9.93	53.65	高硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅱ High grain hardness, high grain density/Brewing sorghum Ⅱ
43	4.58	3.50	23.60	6.40	0.65	27.69	39.16	20.67	43.05	9.04	6.94	58.65	高硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅱ High grain hardness, high grain density/Brewing sorghum Ⅱ
45	5.38	3.62	31.26	7.16	0.61	49.32	47.30	22.37	42.71	10.03	8.32	64.36	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
51	4.21	3.78	27.33	6.64	0.68	58.71	43.33	23.63	43.29	9.99	7.27	56.67	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
65	4.54	3.57	25.65	3.82	0.62	24.66	41.92	24.21	40.18	10.58	8.79	71.89	低硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅰ Low grain hardness, high grain density/Brewing sorghum Ⅰ
77	4.98	3.85	28.39	6.80	0.65	75.77	49.60	21.02	38.79	10.04	8.03	84.78	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
132	5.26	3.66	26.68	6.79	0.67	27.50	47.34	25.01	32.99	11.26	8.36	65.54	高硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅱ High grain hardness, high grain density/Brewing sorghum Ⅱ
150	4.86	3.85	22.57	6.07	0.65	15.38	39.05	19.98	45.14	7.98	7.64	51.65	高硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅱ High grain hardness, high grain density/Brewing sorghum Ⅱ
167	5.17	3.59	26.30	6.50	0.65	78.52	48.03	22.43	46.28	9.52	8.60	66.41	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
176	5.05	3.99	26.04	5.21	0.61	50.88	48.95	33.33	56.96	9.67	9.99	50.80	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
186	4.21	3.78	27.33	6.64	0.68	58.71	63.33	23.63	43.29	9.99	7.27	56.67	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
187	4.96	3.64	31.17	5.14	0.65	53.28	51.88	28.44	50.38	9.85	8.21	63.81	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
193	5.09	3.63	29.69	7.04	0.68	51.52	46.83	25.00	54.35	8.18	12.52	58.58	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
197	5.18	3.66	27.83	7.04	0.67	34.60	52.31	23.03	42.23	11.75	6.79	73.34	高硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅱ High grain hardness, high grain density/Brewing sorghum Ⅱ
序号^a No.	粒长 GL (mm)	粒宽 GW (mm)	千粒重 TGW (g)	籽粒硬度 GH (N)	籽粒容重 GD (kg·L^-1)	角质率 CR (%)	穗粒重 KWP (g)	穗长 MPL (cm)	穗柄长 PNL (cm)	穗柄直径 PND (mm)	一级枝梗长 PBL (cm)	一级枝梗数PBN	突出特点/建议用途 Outstanding features /Recommended uses
198	5.28	3.60	28.10	5.82	0.63	52.80	46.04	19.50	43.22	10.87	7.33	67.71	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
201	4.56	3.48	25.78	8.68	0.67	60.73	63.27	27.22	36.24	11.01	7.11	59.62	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
220	4.67	3.69	25.63	5.67	0.66	79.47	58.00	28.65	49.33	9.70	6.81	52.68	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
226	4.29	3.56	26.59	6.00	0.64	64.05	43.29	24.22	45.00	10.91	8.71	81.44	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
229	5.00	3.59	23.21	6.98	0.61	22.39	32.71	29.60	63.16	7.80	15.66	36.52	高硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅱ High grain hardness, high grain density/Brewing sorghum Ⅱ
234	4.83	3.48	28.81	6.46	0.70	56.07	46.52	23.46	46.65	9.35	9.46	66.17	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
235	4.70	3.71	23.32	4.93	0.62	53.37	44.62	23.02	38.10	12.38	7.53	94.87	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
237	4.70	3.58	25.43	3.92	0.61	35.27	30.91	29.73	55.43	9.95	9.33	53.68	低硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅰ Low grain hardness, high grain density/Brewing sorghum Ⅰ
239	4.98	3.60	24.50	6.67	0.58	34.38	24.78	30.23	57.86	8.70	8.49	55.81	高硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅱ High grain hardness, high grain density/Brewing sorghum Ⅱ
250	4.98	3.85	28.39	6.80	0.65	75.77	49.6	21.02	38.79	10.04	8.03	84.78	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
263	5.53	3.62	30.58	3.87	0.60	35.27	42.14	28.68	52.55	10.38	6.51	60.86	低硬度,高容重/酿造Ⅰ Low grain hardness, high grain density/Brewing sorghum Ⅰ
265	5.31	3.64	23.08	7.75	0.64	55.95	32.00	42.24	65.49	9.05	14.94	45.90	穗长、穗柄长、一级枝梗长较长/帚用 The main panicle length, panicle neck length, and primary branches length were longer/Broom sorghum
267	4.70	3.41	26.47	5.44	0.65	52.22	44.46	27.07	34.50	10.93	8.65	71.41	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） The corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum
319	4.58	3.31	25.21	4.83	0.61	49.37	48.14	22.03	45.22	9.32	8.13	60.06	角质率和穗粒重较高/粒用（食用） Corneous endosperm rate and kernel weight per panicle were higher/Grain (edible) sorghum

Table 5

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类群 Group	粒长 GL (mm)	粒宽 GW (mm)	千粒重 TGW (g)	籽粒硬度 GH (N)	籽粒容重 GD (kg·L^-1)	角质率 CR (%)	穗粒重 KWP (g)	穗长 MPL (cm)	穗柄长 PNL (cm)	穗柄直径 PND (mm)	一级枝梗长 PBL (cm)	一级枝梗数 PBN
Ⅰ	5.02	3.45	23.29	6.16	0.62	56.32	34.93	29.67	55.34	8.74	12.17	51.44
Ⅱ	4.67	3.62	24.79	6.50	0.65	61.02	46.18	25.97	43.54	10.04	8.59	68.80
Ⅲ	4.51	3.44	21.62	4.88	0.61	42.75	36.69	23.71	42.16	9.95	8.26	67.97

Accurate Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Panicle Phenotypic Traits of Landraces and Cultivars of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in China

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特征向量 Eigenvectors	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
粒长GL	0.28	0.27	0.08	0.47
粒宽GW	-0.04	0.36	0.38	0.09
千粒重TGW	0.02	0.47	0.26	0.35
籽粒硬度GH	0.24	0.40	-0.14	-0.38
籽粒容重GD	0.01	0.41	0.01	-0.29
角质率CR	0.24	0.17	-0.09	-0.53
穗粒重KWP	-0.16	0.41	-0.45	0.09
穗长MPL	0.39	-0.04	-0.46	0.13
穗柄长PNL	0.44	0.02	0.15	0.06
穗柄直径PND	-0.36	0.10	-0.28	0.18
一级枝梗长PBL	0.40	-0.09	-0.36	0.28
一级枝梗数PBN	-0.38	0.18	-0.34	0.07
特征值Eigenvalues	3.21	2.12	1.28	1.24
贡献率Contribution rate (%)	26.67	17.67	10.70	10.35
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)	26.67	44.34	55.04	65.39

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