地膜覆盖、氮肥与密度及其互作对黄土旱塬春玉米氮素吸收、转运及生产效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.008

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】A field study was to investigate the effects of film mulching, nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on nitrogen accumulation, translocation and production efficiency of spring maize. This research could provide theoretical basis for optimizing high yield and high efficiency cultivation of dryland maize in semi-arid regions.【Method】Treatments included two planting methods (mulching and non-mulching), four nitrogen rates (0, 170, 200 and 230 kgN·hm^-2 in 2013 and 0, 170, 225 and 280 kgN·hm^-2in 2014), and three plant densities (5.0×10⁴, 6.5×10⁴ and 8.0×10⁴ plants·hm^-2) during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. The nitrogen accumulation, translocation, grain yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFP_N) of different treatments were analyzed.【Result】Film mulching significantly increased N accumulation pre-silking, promoted N accumulation post-silking and N translocation during vegetative stage, and thus significantly increased grain N accumulation and yield. Mulching models×N fertilizer and Mulching models×plant density significantly affected N uptake, accumulation and translocation in spring maize. Under the film mulching, more N fertilizer amounts (200-230 kgN·hm^-2) or plant density (6.5×10⁴-8.0×10⁴ plants·hm^-2) improved N translocation during vegetative stage, N assimilation post-silking and its contribution to grain, so it significantly increased grain N accumulation. However, under non-mulching, above amount of 170 kgN·hm^-2 or plant density of 5.0×10⁴ plants·hm^-2decreased N accumulation post-silking and its contribution to grain, which failed to increase grain N accumulation. N fertilizer×plant density had a significant effect on the N uptake, accumulation and translocation. PFP_N and N harvest index (NHI) were positively related to N accumulation pre- and post- silking, translocated N and grain yield, which reached at a significant level. Comprehensive considering grain yield and PFP_N, the N application of 200-230 kgN·hm^-2 and plant density of 8.0×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 with film mulching system could achieve high yield of 13.7-14.6 t·hm^-2and high PFP_N of 64.8-68.7 kg·kg^-1in spring maize on the Loess Plateau in northwest China.【Conclusion】The integrated management practice with film mulching, optimal nitrogen rate and plant density could promote the synergistic increase of N accumulation post-silking and N translocation from vegetative organs during grain filling, which was the fundamental reason for increasing grain yield and N fertilizer production efficiency.

Key words: spring maize, film mulching, nitrogen rate, plant density, nitrogen translocation, yield, nitrogen production efficiency, Loess Plateau

LI Ting, LI ShiQing, ZHAN Ai, LIU JianLiang. Effects of Film Mulching, Nitrogen Fertilizer, Plant Density and Its Interaction on Nitrogen Accumulation, Translocation and Production Efficiency of Spring Maize on Dryland of Loess Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(8): 1504-1517.

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Effects of Film Mulching, Nitrogen Fertilizer, Plant Density and Its Interaction on Nitrogen Accumulation, Translocation and Production Efficiency of Spring Maize on Dryland of Loess Plateau

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