氮肥减量施用对我国三大粮食作物产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.24.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The present study investigated the effects of reducing nitrogen application rate on the yields of three major cereals in China and its relationship with soil and other factors, so as to clarify the feasibility of reducing nitrogen application. 【Method】 90 published papers from 2010 to 2021 were collected and analyzed the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer reduction ratios on yield, and its relationship with planting systems and different conditions (fertilizer type, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen, soil pH, and water management). 【Result】 Compared with conventional fertilization rate, 0-40% nitrogen reduction did not significantly reduce the yield of rice, 0-30% nitrogen reduction did not significantly affect the yields of wheat and maize, when the nitrogen reduction was 30%-40%, the yield of wheat and maize significantly reduced by 6.1% and 5.4%, respectively. The yield level without nitrogen input area did not significantly affect crop yield of the three cereals following reduction of nitrogen rate. When soil total nitrogen was more than 2 g·kg^-1, rice yield with reduced nitrogen application (6.5 t·hm^-2) was significantly higher than that with conventional nitrogen application (6.3 t·hm^-2); when total nitrogen was more than 1 g·kg^-1, wheat yield with reduced nitrogen application (6.9 t·hm^-2) was significantly lower than that with conventional nitrogen application (7.4 t·hm^-2); when total nitrogen was more than 1.5 g·kg^-1, maize yield with reduced nitrogen application (8.8 t·hm^-2) was significantly lower than that with conventional nitrogen application (9.1 t·hm^-2). When soil organic matter content was more than 30 g·kg^-1, rice yield with reduced nitrogen application (6.9 t·hm^-2) was significantly higher than that with conventional nitrogen application (6.7 t·hm^-2), but soil organic matter content were 10-20 g·kg^-1 and more than 20 g·kg^-1, the reducing nitrogen application significantly reduced wheat yield. When soil pH was lower than 6.5, rice yield with reduced nitrogen application (6.6 t·hm^-2) was significantly higher than that with conventional nitrogen application (6.4 t·hm^-2). Wheat yield (6.6 t·hm^-2) with reducing nitrogen application under single cropping was significantly higher than that with conventional nitrogen application (5.9 t·hm^-2); maize yield (8.9 t·hm^-2) with reducing nitrogen application under double cropping was significantly lower than that with conventional nitrogen application (9.1 t·hm^-2). Based on common fertilizer, wheat yield with reducing nitrogen application (6.8 t·hm^-2) was significantly lower than that with conventional nitrogen application (7.1 t·hm^-2). Under rainfed, wheat yield with reducing nitrogen application (5.9 t·hm^-2) was significantly lower than that with conventional nitrogen application (6.6 t·hm^-2). 【Conclusion】 The yield of three major cereals in China can be maintained by reducing conventional nitrogen application rate by 30% although crop yield varied to certain extent with soil properties and management measures. Therefore, the reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer needed to be adjusted according to soil properties and management practices to achieve high yield and high nitrogen efficiency.

Key words: wheat, maize, rice, reducing nitrogen application rate, management practices, soil properties

DU WenTing,LEI XiaoXiao,LU HuiYu,WANG YunFeng,XU JiaXing,LUO CaiXia,ZHANG ShuLan. Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Application Rate on the Yields of Three Major Cereals in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(24): 4863-4878.

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影响因素 Influence factor	水稻 Rice	小麦Wheat	玉米Maize
种植制度 Plant system	一年一熟Single cropping;一年两熟Double cropping
土壤pH Soil pH	<6.5；≥6.5	<7；≥7	<7；≥7
肥料类型 Fertilizer types	控释肥料Control release fertilizer；普通肥料Conventional fertilizer
全氮含量 TN (g·kg^-1)	<1.5；1.5-2；>2	<0.75；0.75-1；>1	0.5-1；1-1.5；>1.5
有机质含量 SOM (g·kg^-1)	10-20；20-30；>30	0-10；10-20；>20	0-10；10-20；>20
不施氮肥区产量 Yield without N input (t·hm^-2)	<5；5-7.5；>7.5	<5；5-7.5；>7.5	<5；5-7.5；>7.5
水分管理Water management	无 No	灌溉Irrigation；雨养Rainfed	灌溉Irrigation；雨养Rainfed
氮肥减施比例Reduced nitrogen rate (%)	FP(0)、N10 (0-10)、N20 (10-20)、N30 (20-30)、N40 (30-40)

Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Application Rate on the Yields of Three Major Cereals in China

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