岩溶湿地和稻田的土壤酶活性与CO2和CH4排放特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.14.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the impacts of land-use change on the relationship between soil enzyme activities and greenhouse gas emissions of wetlands. 【Method】 Huixian karst wetland and the top soil (0-20 cm) from a lake wetland and its adjacent paddy fields were used as a research site and research objects, respectively. The soil enzyme activities and CO₂ and CH₄ emissions were detected with colorimetric method and static-chamber method, respectively.【Result】The results showed that the activities of β-glucosidase, cellulase, invertase, chitinase, urease and alkaline phosphatase in the paddy soil were all higher than those in the lake wetland, with a range of 11.8%-32.7%. The fluxes of CO₂and CH₄from the paddy field were 255.9-789.7 mg·m^-2·h^-1and -0.41-1.74 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The average values of CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes from the paddy field were 445.8 and 0.42 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively, which were lower than those in the lake wetland. Compared with the lake wetland, the amount of CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from the paddy field were decreased by 22.3% and 83.3%, respectively, while the GHGs (including N₂O) was decreased by 29.6%. Correlation analysis showed that the CO₂flux was significantly negatively correlated with the activities of β-glucosidase, cellulase, invertase and chitinase, while the CH₄flux was significantly negatively correlated with 6 soil enzyme activities (P<0.05).【Conclusion】The above results indicated that the conversion of a natural lake wetland into a paddy field had significantly increased soil enzyme activities and decreased the emissions of CO₂ and CH₄ at the same time, which was conductive to the improvement of microbial carbon-use-efficiency and the sequestration of soil carbon in Huixian karst wetland.

Key words: karst wetland, paddy field, enzyme activity, greenhouse gas emission

YUAN Wu,JIN ZhenJiang,CHENG YueYang,JIA YuanHang,LIANG JinTao,QIU JiangMei,PAN FuJing,LIU DeShen. Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activities and CO₂ and CH₄ Emissions from Natural Wetland and Paddy Field in Karst Areas[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(14): 2897-2906.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Enzyme activity in paddy field and lake wetland during growth period"

日期	湿地类型	β-葡萄糖苷酶	纤维素酶	蔗糖酶	几丁质酶	脲酶	碱性磷酸酶
Date	Wetland type	β-glucosidase (μg·g^-1·h^-1)	Cellulase (mg·10g^-1·72h^-1)	Invertase (mg·g^-1·24h^-1)	Chitinase (μg·g^-1·18h^-1)	Urease (mg·g^-1·24h^-1)	Alkaline phosphatase (mg·g^-1·2h^-1)
5.8	稻田 Paddy field	110.2±1.77a	5.85±0.08a	68.63±4.38a	3.86±0.19a	1.54±0.07a	1.12±0.05a
5.8	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	88.67±6.80b	2.39±0.35b	32.92±5.52b	2.61±0.05b	1.12±0.33b	0.47±0.08b
5.26	稻田Paddy field	87.90±6.32a	4.04±0.57a	167.0±11.15a	4.08±0.13a	1.01±0.08a	0.74±0.04a
5.26	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	68.64±8.57b	2.69±0.19b	49.43±16.26b	2.18±0.05b	1.13±0.12a	0.39±0.07b
6.3	稻田Paddy field	104.8±19.81a	5.26±0.61a	79.25±4.48a	4.10±0.38a	1.32±0.09a	0.94±0.04a
6.3	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	28.56±15.34b	2.87±0.38b	25.67±3.94b	1.96±0.09b	0.42±0.08b	0.26±0.10b
6.18	稻田Paddy field	117.7±12.67a	4.60±0.15a	106.0±17.71a	3.23±0.28a	1.56±0.18a	1.04±0.12a
6.18	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	70.20±18.73b	2.92±0.19b	93.19±24.76a	2.65±0.57a	0.79±0.22b	0.95±0.07a
7.4	稻田Paddy field	71.14±0.49a	4.18±0.34a	47.38±2.37a	2.23±0.11a	1.22±0.05a	0.74±0.08a
7.4	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	44.91±0.41b	2.54±0.95b	46.56±3.99a	2.21±0.04a	0.97±0.17b	0.69±0.13a
7.16	稻田Paddy field	125.9±33.66a	4.97±0.59a	95.92±6.29a	4.16±0.10a	1.76±0.26a	1.13±0.08a
7.16	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	71.07±18.67b	3.63±0.54b	41.34±3.52b	2.31±0.63b	1.00±0.33b	1.18±0.24a
7.29	稻田Paddy field	113.4±12.22a	6.63±0.30a	57.30±13.02a	3.69±0.49a	2.28±0.20a	1.10±0.17a
7.29	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	73.21±6.72b	3.64±0.51b	32.98±7.59b	2.46±0.31b	1.65±0.51a	1.36±0.20a
8.5	稻田Paddy field	115.3±9.73a	8.19±0.67a	120.4±27.58a	3.65±0.27a	2.52±0.20a	1.61±0.11a
8.5	湖泊湿地Lake wetland	88.86±13.44b	3.69±0.43b	54.63±12.73b	2.82±0.13b	1.59±0.46b	1.33±0.53a

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 1

Table 4

Table 5

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因子	湿地类型Wetland type
Factor	稻田	湖泊湿地
Factor	Paddy field	Lake wetland
pH (H₂O)	7.36±0.02b	7.63±0.08a
阳离子交换量CEC (cmol·kg^-1)	22.13±0.25a	20.05±3.21a
交换性钙 Exchangeable Ca²⁺(cmol·kg^-1)	14.39±2.03a	14.49±0.59a
交换性镁Exchangeable Mg²⁺(cmol·kg^-1)	1.03±0.11a	0.55±0.04b
土壤有机碳SOC (g·kg^-1)	26.62±0.32a	14.49±8.37b
可溶性有机碳DOC (mg·kg^-1)	202.30±10.34a	116.60±47.78b
全氮TN (g·kg^-1)	2.46±0.01a	1.42±0.71b
碱解氮AN (mg·kg^-1)	89.54±2.59a	45.24±3.36b
全磷TP (g·kg^-1)	0.87±0.04a	0.33±0.12b
有效磷AP (mg·kg^-1)	30.50±2.30a	3.28±0.18b

湿地类型 Wetland type	β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase	纤维素酶 Cellulase	蔗糖酶 Invertase	几丁质酶 Chitinase	脲酶 Urease	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase
稻田Paddy field	0.61	0.64	0.66	0.60	0.60	0.56
湖泊湿地Lake wetland	0.39	0.36	0.34	0.40	0.40	0.44

湿地类型 Wetland type	CO₂排放总量 Emissions of CO₂(kg·hm^-2)	CH₄排放总量 Emissions of CH₄ (kg·hm^-2)	N₂O排放总量 Emissions of N₂O (kg·hm^-2)	GHGs
稻田Paddy field	9108.4	8.38	0.38	9443.7
湖泊湿地Lake wetland	11722.1	50.04	1.07	13406.8

	β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase	纤维素酶 Cellulase	蔗糖酶 Invertase	几丁质酶 Chitinase	脲酶 Urease	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase	CO₂排放通量 CO₂ flux
纤维素酶 Cellulase	0.633**
蔗糖酶Invertase	0.433**	0.433**
几丁质酶Chitinase	0.633**	0.500**	0.533**
脲酶Urease	0.667**	0.567**	0.300	0.367*
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase	0.433**	0.400*	0.233	0.367*	0.533**
CO₂排放通量CO₂flux	-0.367*	-0.433**	-0.333*	-0.500**	-0.167	-0.200
CH₄排放通量CH₄ flux	-0.683**	-0.417*	-0.483**	-0.483**	-0.550**	-0.350*	0.317*

Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activities and CO₂ and CH₄ Emissions from Natural Wetland and Paddy Field in Karst Areas

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Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activities and CO2 and CH4 Emissions from Natural Wetland and Paddy Field in Karst Areas

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Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activities and CO₂ and CH₄ Emissions from Natural Wetland and Paddy Field in Karst Areas