黑土旱地改稻田土壤水稳性团聚体有机碳和全氮的变化特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.08.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objectives of this study were to analyze the composition and stability of soil aggregate, the changes of organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) content, natural abundance of ¹³C and ¹⁵N in different-sized aggregates, to explore the sequestration and stability of soil aggregate organic C, TN, and to reveal the evolution of soil aggregate organic C, TN changes after the conversion from upland to paddy field in black soil region of Northeast China.【Method】 Soil samples were collected from upland (soybean planted for over 60 years) in typical black soil and paddy soil with different years (3, 5, 10, 17, 20 and 25 years, soybean was planted in all the fields before conversion to paddy field). The dynamic characteristics of OC and TN in soil aggregates were studied by using wet-sieving method and stable isotope analysis technology.【Result】In the 0-60 cm soil layers, compared with the control treatment, the composition of 2-0.25 mm aggregates in the soil of different years after rice planting was decreased, which of 0.25-0.053 mm and <0.053 mm aggregates was increased. There was no obvious change in the composition of >2 mm aggregates, but the different years of dry land change to paddy fields were dominated by 2-0.053 mm aggregates; the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates was significantly positive correlated with the proportion of >2 mm aggregates (P<0.01), and significantly negative correlated with the proportion of 0.25-0.053 mm and <0.053 mm aggregates (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The change of aggregate composition was significantly affected by different rice planting years and soil depth, whereas the MWD was significantly affected by soil depth. Compared with the control soil, in the 0-40 cm soil layer, the OC and TN contents in the size of 2-0.25 mm and 0.25-0.053 mm aggregates were declined in the 3 years, however there showed increased trend with the extension of rice cultivation in 3-25 years. Generally, OC and TN were mainly accumulated in the 2-0.25 mm and 0.25-0.053 mm aggregates. There existed significant positive correlation between OC and TN contents and aggregate composition in > 2 mm aggregates (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the 0-60 cm soil layers, as well as 2-0.25 mm aggregates in the 0-20cm soil layer (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The OC and TN contents variation in <2 mm aggregates were significantly affected by rice cultivation time, while soil depth significantly affected >0.25 mm aggregates OC and TN contents. Compared with the control soil, the δ ¹³C in each size of aggregates significantly increased in 3 rice planting years and decreased in 5 rice planting years, respectively, while there was no significant change in the 5-25 rice planting years, and the δ ¹⁵N in all size of aggregates decreased slightly during the 25 years of rice replanting. In general, the δ ¹³C and δ ¹⁵N of soil in aggregates were significantly affected by rice cultivation time and soil depth, which increased with the decreasing of aggregate size. The δ ¹³C increased with soil depth in the same year, while δ ¹⁵N had no significant change.【Conclusion】After the conversion from dry land to paddy field for 25 years, non-water-stable macro-aggregates in the soil were damaged and formed into small sized aggregates. The 2-0.053 mm water-stable aggregates were the main carrier of OC and TN sequestration, while OC in small size aggregates more stable, and its stability was increased by the rice cultivation time and soil depth increased.

Key words: black soil, upland, paddy field, water-stable aggregate, organic carbon, total nitrogen, ¹³C and ¹⁵N natural abundance

MA Yuan,CHI MeiJing,ZHANG YuLing,FAN QingFeng,YU Na,ZOU HongTao. Change Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in Water-Stable Aggregate After Conversion from Upland to Paddy Field in Black Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(8): 1594-1605.

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Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Table 3

OC and TN contents in soil aggregate after conversion from upland to paddy field for different years"

年限 Year (a)	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	>2 mm		2-0.25 mm		0.25-0.053 mm		<0.053 mm
年限 Year (a)	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	OC (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)	OC (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)	OC (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)	OC (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)
0	0-20	4.2±0.1	0.3±0.0	14.0±1.5	1.1±0.1	7.7±1.0	0.6±0.1	4.0±0.5	0.3±0.1
	20-40	3.2±0.3	0.2±0.0	10.2±0.7	0.8±0.1	7.1±0.5	0.5±0.1	3.1±0.2	0.2±0.0
	40-60	1.1±0.5	0.1±0.0	7.8±2.1	0.6±0.2	4.6±0.2	0.4±0.0	2.8±0.9	0.2±0.1
3	0-20	2.3±0.4	0.2±0.0	5.7±0.1	0.4±0.0	6.1±0.6	0.5±0.1	3.4±0.4	0.3±0.0
	20-40	0.5±0.1	0.0±0.0	4.7±0.4	0.4±0.0	6.0±1.0	0.5±0.1	4.4±0.9	0.4±0.1
	40-60	0.7±0.2	0.1±0.0	4.9±0.3	0.4±0.0	4.9±1.5	0.4±0.1	3.7±1.1	0.3±0.1
5	0-20	4.4±0.7	0.4±0.8	10.1±0.5	0.8±0.1	7.3±1.2	0.6±0.1	3.9±0.4	0.3±0.0
	20-40	1.6±0.5	0.1±0.0	8.2±0.5	0.6±0.0	9.8±0.6	0.8±0.1	5.2±0.6	0.4±0.1
	40-60	0.6±0.3	0.1±0.0	6.6±1.1	0.5±0.0	8.7±1.0	0.7±0.1	5.7±0.8	0.5±0.1
10	0-20	2.6±0.5	0.2±0.0	8.2±1.6	0.6±0.1	9.1±1.0	0.7±0.1	5.1±0.7	0.4±0.1
	20-40	2.4±1.3	0.2±0.1	7.1±1.0	0.6±0.1	8.8±0.8	0.7±0.0	5.7±0.8	0.5±0.1
	40-60	0.6±0.2	0.0±0.0	6.4±0.5	0.5±0.1	9.2±1.2	0.7±0.1	6.4±0.7	0.5±0.1
17	0-20	8.3±1.0	0.7±0.2	11.2±0.1	0.9±0.2	6.3±0.9	0.5±0.2	3.5±0.3	0.3±0.1
	20-40	6.9±0.9	0.5±0.1	9.0±1.9	0.6±0.1	8.7±2.4	0.6±0.2	4.6±0.9	0.3±0.0
	40-60	0.7±0.1	0.1±0.0	8.8±0.8	0.7±0.1	9.3±0.1	0.8±0.1	6.8±0.9	0.4±0.0
20	0-20	3.1±0.3	0.2±0.0	11.3±1.1	0.8±0.1	11.4±1.6	0.8±0.1	6.0±0.6	0.4±0.0
	20-40	1.9±0.9	0.1±0.0	9.9±1.5	0.7±0.1	8.4±0.5	0.7±0.1	6.2±0.7	0.5±0.1
	40-60	2.2±0.7	0.2±0.1	11.4±0.6	0.7±0.1	7.6±0.4	0.8±0.1	4.4±0.5	0.3±0.0
25	0-20	5.9±0.8	0.4±0.1	15.2±1.8	1.1±0.2	10.9±1.9	0.8±0.2	4.4±1.3	0.3±0.1
	20-40	4.1±1.9	0.3±0.2	10.7±1.1	0.8±0.1	9.6±0.6	0.7±0.1	4.3±1.3	0.3±0.1
	40-60	1.6±0.4	0.2±0.1	5.8±0.9	0.8±0.2	5.9±0.7	0.7±0.1	4.9±0.9	0.5±0.1
双因素方差分析的P值P values of two-ways ANOVA
年限Year		0.030^*	0.070^ns	0.000^***	0.000^***	0.000^***	0.001^***	0.004^**	0.009^**
土层Soil depth		0.000^***	0.000^***	0.000^***	0.000^***	0.004^**	0.884^ns	0.328^ns	0.143^ns
年限×土层 Years×Soil depth		0.680^ns	0.550^ns	0.790^ns	0.220^ns	0.960^ns	0.436^ns	0.228^ns	0.281^ns

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

δ13C and δ 15N of soil aggregate after conversion from upland to paddy field for different years"

年限 Year (a)	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	>2 mm		0.25 mm		0.25-0.053 mm		<0.053 mm
年限 Year (a)	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	δ¹³C (‰)	δ¹⁵N (‰)	δ¹³C (‰)	δ¹⁵N (‰)	δ¹³C (‰)	δ¹⁵N (‰)	δ¹³C (‰)	δ¹⁵N (‰)
0	0-20	-24.1±0.2	6.5±0.2	-24.1±0.1	6.7±0.4	-24.1±0.2	6.7±0.3ab	-24.1±0.2	7.0±0.2
	20-40	-24.2±0.1	6.8±0.1	-24.1±0.1	7.3±0.2	-23.9±0.1	7.4±0.2ab	-23.8±0.2	7.4±0.0
	40-60	-24.1±0.1	6.2±0.3	-23.7±0.1	7.0±0.1	-23.8±0.0	6.6±0.3ab	-23.8±0.1	7.0±0.3
3	0-20	-23.7±0.2	5.4±0.5	-23.6±0.1	6.2±0.4	-23.3±0.1	6.3±0.3ab	-23.2±0.1	6.3±0.2
	20-40	-23.7±0.3	6.1±0.4	-23.4±0.3	6.3±0.1	-23.3±0.2	6.6±0.2ab	-23.0±0.3	6.5±0.3
	40-60	-23.7±0.6	4.7±0.6	-23.2±0.4	5.8±0.3	-23.0±0.4	6.1±0.2ab	-23.1±0.3	6.0±0.3
5	0-20	-24.3±0.3	6.9±0.5	-24.3±0.2	6.7±0.4	-24.2±0.2	6.8±0.2ab	-24.0±0.1	6.0±0.3
	20-40	-24.5±0.1	6.2±0.1	-24.3±0.1	6.7±0.1	-24.1±0.1	6.7±0.0ab	-24.0±0.1	6.8±0.1
	40-60	-24.6±0.1	5.9±0.3	-23.9±0.2	6.6±0.2	-23.9±0.2	7.0±0.3ab	-23.6±0.1	6.7±0.2
10	0-20	-24.7±0.1	6.0±0.4	-24.7±0.1	5.7±0.3	-24.3±0.2	6.1±0.3ab	-24.1±0.2	6.1±0.2
	20-40	-24.5±0.1	5.8±0.1	-24.3±0.1	6.2±0.1	-24.0±0.2	6.5±0.3ab	-23.9±0.2	6.4±0.1
	40-60	-24.4±0.4	6.0±0.1	-24.0±0.2	6.7±0.2	--23.9±0.2	6.9±0.2ab	-23.8±0.1	7.0±0.2
17	0-20	-24.6±0.3	6.2±0.1	-24.6±0.2	6.1±0.1	-24.5±0.1	6.1±0.3b	-24.3±0.1	6.3±0.4
	20-40	-24.2±0.1	6.3±0.2	-23.9±0.1	6.6±0.2	-23.9±0.1	6.7±0.1ab	-23.8±0.0	6.5±0.2
	40-60	-24.5±0.3	6.5±0.1	-24.0±0.3	7.0±0.1	-24.1±0.2	7.0±0.1ab	-23.9±0.2	7.3±0.2
20	0-20	-24.7±0.1	6.2±0.1	-24.5±0.1	6.4±0.1	-24.2±0.1	6.7±0.1ab	-24.1±0.1	6.6±0.1
	20-40	-23.8±0.4	6.5±0.3	-24.0±0.2	6.9±0.3	-24.0±0.2	7.1±0.2ab	-23.7±0.1	7.2±0.0
	40-60	-23.9±0.1	7.0±00.3	-23.8±0.2	7.0±0.2	-23.7±0.2	7.1±0.2ab	-23.7±0.2	7.0±0.1
25	0-20	-24.7±0.3	5.7±0.1	-24.6±0.1	6.0±0.2	-24.3±0.2	6.2±0.2ab	-24.2±0.2	6.3±0.2
	20-40	-24.2±0.3	6.6±0.2	-24.0±0.3	6.9±0.1	-23.9±0.4	7.5±0.5a	-23.8±0.3	7.7±0.2
	40-60	-24.5±0.5	6.4±0.5	-24.3±0.7	6.2±0.5	-24.1±0.6	6.2±0.4ab	-23.9±0.6	6.2±0.4
双因素方差分析的P值 P values of two-ways ANOVA
年限Year		0.020^*	0.010^**	0.010^**	0.000^***	0.000^***	0.045^*	0.000^***	0.020^*
土层Soil depth		0.280^ns	0.490^ns	0.000^***	0.003^**	0.010^**	0.020^**	0.020^*	0.000^***
年限×土层 Years×Soil depth		0.690^ns	0.100^ns	0.810^ns	0.132^ns	0.970^ns	0.035^*	0.950^ns	0.130^ns

Table 5

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旱地改稻田年限 Years of the conversion from upland to paddy field (a)	地理坐标 Geographic coordinate	土层 Soil depth (cm)	有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	δ¹³C (‰)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	δ¹⁵N (‰)	C/N	pH
0	127.533° E, 47.005° N	0—20	28.60	-24.72	2.34	9.25	12.25	5.99
		20—40	22.25	-24.51	1.71	10.43	12.97	5.97
		40—60	15.34	-24.35	1.26	10.82	12.12	5.82
3	127.518° E, 47.001° N	0—20	16.23	-24.04	1.39	6.63	11.64	6.07
		20—40	14.78	-23.67	1.24	7.84	11.98	5.95
		40—60	13.25	-23.52	1.12	8.07	11.69	5.99
5	127.520° E, 47.002° N	0—20	24.09	-24.78	1.99	6.71	12.13	5.79
		20—40	24.50	-24.58	1.94	7.31	12.62	6.23
		40—60	21.63	-23.52	1.78	7.28	12.15	6.10
10	127.528° E, 46.990° N	0—20	23.93	-24.99	1.83	6.05	13.28	5.88
		20—40	22.88	-24.57	1.76	7.50	12.95	5.54
		40—60	22.02	-24.41	1.68	6.52	11.33	5.49
17	127.537° E, 46.997° N	0—20	29.39	-24.91	2.35	6.93	10.95	6.11
		20—40	28.90	-24.58	2.24	6.48	12.86	5.93
		40—60	25.01	-24.62	2.00	6.44	12.53	5.73
20	127.519° E, 46.999° N	0—20	31.61	-25.23	2.49	4.69	12.69	6.26
		20—40	26.08	-24.53	2.04	4.59	12.76	6.27
		40—60	25.71	-24.73	1.99	4.98	12.94	6.07
25	127.538° E, 46.995° N	0—20	36.36	-25.25	2.74	7.06	13.46	6.03
		20—40	28.20	-25.10	2.12	7.08	13.28	6.28
		40—60	19.56	-24.66	2.08	7.80	9.72	6.34

土层 Soil depth (cm)	>2 mm	2-0.25 mm	0.25-0.053 mm	<0.053 mm
0-20	0.984^**	0.485	-0.908^**	-0.854^*
20-40	0.992^**	0.337	-0.920^**	-0.852^*
40-60	0.930^**	0.772^*	-0.827^*	-0.915^**

土层 Soil depth (cm)	>2 mm		2-0.25 mm		0.25-0.053 mm		<0.053 mm
土层 Soil depth (cm)	OC	TN	OC	TN	OC	TN	OC	TN
0-20	0.933^**	0.969^**	0.788^*	0.882^**	0.454	0.460	0.483	0.602
20-40	0.988^**	0.853^*	0.681	0.626	-0.010	-0.087	0.706	0.821^*
40-60	0.868^*	0.885^**	0.267	0.285	0.913^**	0.732	0.709	0.843^*

Change Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in Water-Stable Aggregate After Conversion from Upland to Paddy Field in Black Soil

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