施氮量对黄土高原旱地冬小麦产量和水分利用 效率影响的整合分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.03.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of nitrogen fertilizer (N) on winter wheat yield and the optimum N level under different planting conditions in the Loess Plateau.【Method】A total of 82 field studies were obtained through literature retrieval. The effects of N on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in different regions, annual mean temperature, annual precipitation and plough layer organic matter content in the Loess Plateau were compared by meta-analysis. Regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between yield and N application rate, water use efficiency and N application rate in each group. 【Result】 Compared with no N application, N application improved the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau by 66.09% and 72.38%, respectively (P＜0.05). The effect of N on yield was more prominent in the northwest than that in the southeast, and the effect of N on water use efficiency was more prominent in the southeast than in northwest. The yield of northwest reached the highest when the N application rate was 212 kg·hm ^-2, and the highest yield could be obtained by applying another 15 kg N·hm ^-2in southeast. The water use efficiency reached maximum at 232 kg N·hm ^-2 in northwest, while at 224 kg·hm ^-2 in southeast. The effects of N on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat were more prominent in areas with average annual temperature ≤10℃. At the area of average temperature ＞10℃, yield and water use efficiency reached the maximum when N rates were 189 kg·hm ^-2 and 187 kg·hm ^-2, respectively. However, at the area of average temperature ≤10℃, yield and water use efficiency reached the maximum when N rates were 225 kg·hm ^-2 and 239 kg·hm ^-2, respectively. The effect of N on yield was prominent in areas of annual average precipitation ≤ 600 mm, while the change rate of water use efficiency was prominent in areas with annual precipitation ＞600 mm. The yield and water use efficiency reached the highest at 235 kg N·hm ^-2 and 244 kg N·hm ^-2 application rates in areas with annual precipitation ＜600 mm, while 235 kg·hm ^-2 and 250 kg·hm ^-2 in the area with annual precipitation ＞600 mm. The effect of N on yield and water use efficiency was prominent when the organic matter content in plough layer was ≤12 g·kg ^-1. Under the condition of topsoil organic matter ＞12 g·kg ^-1, the yield and water use efficiency tended to be highest when the N application rates were 163 kg·hm ^-2 and 175 kg·hm ^-2. The optimum N application rate was 226 kg·hm ^-2 when the topsoil organic matter content ≤12 g·kg ^-1.【Conclusion】 The optimum N application rates for high yield of winter wheat in the southeast and northwest were 227 kg·hm ^-2 and 212 kg·hm ^-2, respectively. The optimum N application rate was 188 kg·hm ^-2 in the area with average annual temperature ＞10℃, and 225 kg·hm ^-2 when average annual temperature ≤10℃. In the area with annual average precipitation ＞600 mm, the optimum N application rate was 250 kg·hm ^-2, and 235 kg·hm ^-2 when annual average precipitation ≤600 mm. The optimum N application rate was 226 kg·hm ^-2 under the topsoil organic matter content ≤12 g·kg ^-1, and 163 kg·hm ^-2 when the topsoil organic matter content ＞12 g·kg ^-1.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, winter wheat, yield, water use efficiency, meta-analysis

MA DengKe,YIN LiNa,LIU YiJian,YANG WenJia,DENG XiPing,WANG ShiWen. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Dryland of Loess Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(3): 486-499.

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	分区 DA		年均温 AVT (℃)		年均降水AP (mm)		耕层有机质 TOM (g·kg^-1)
	西北NW	东南SE	≤10	＞10	≤600	＞600	≤12	＞12
产量 Y	204/368	151/385	172/284	183/469	284/570	71/183	175/293	138/345
水分利用效率 WUE	155/291	53/125	140/234	68/182	167/339	41/77	125/199	73/157

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Dryland of Loess Plateau

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