不同施氮水平下灌浆期高温对水稻贮藏蛋白积累及其合成代谢影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the interaction effect of high temperature at filling stage and nitrogen fertilizer levels on grain storage protein accumulation and its underlying metabolic mechanism, by investigating the relationship of grain storage protein biosynthesis and its accumulation with the activity of key enzymes involving in nitrogen mobilization and transcriptional expression of various genes that encoded prolamin and pre-glutelin biosynthesis during developing grains.【Method】A two-factor pot experiment, including the combination of two nitrogen fertilizer levels with two temperature regimes, was conducted by using two japonica rice cultivars, namely XS134 and XS 09. The nitrogen fertilizer treatments were conducted at the young panicle differentiation stage of rice plants, with the urea supply of 0.5 g/pot and 2.0 g/pot being considered as low nitrogen (LN) and high nitrogen (HN), respectively. After heading, these rice plants in pots with the same nitrogen fertilizer level (LN or HN) were classified into two groups and then imposed to different temperature regimes in phytotrons, with the daily mean temperature being controlled at 30℃ (34℃/26℃) and 23℃ (26℃/20℃) for high temperature (HT) and normal temperature (NT) as control, respectively. The rice grains under four treatments (LN-NT, LN-HT, HN-NT, and HN-HT) were sampled to examine the impact of high temperature on grain storage protein accumulation and its relation to grain N metabolism under different N levels. 【Result】Both nitrogen fertilizer application at young panicle differentiation stage and HT exposure at filling stage evidently enhanced the relative content of storage protein content in rice grains on dry matter basis. However, HT exposure at filling stage decreased the accumulation amount of grain storage protein on per grain basis, with the dramatically dropping extent for 13-kD prolamin among different protein components. In contrast to NT, HT exposure resulted in a relatively higher ratio of glutelin to prolamin. HT-induced decline in amount of 13-kD prolamin was mainly attributable to the remarkably down-regulating transcripts of prolamin family genes (Pro13, Pro14, and Pro17) under HT exposure. However, the dropping extent of grain prolamin content under HT growth appeared to be smaller for HN relative to LN. Comparatively, HN supply significantly enhanced the amounts of total storage protein, glutelin, and prolamin in rice grains, but it had little impact on the ratio of glutelin to prolamin in rice grains, with the nearly equivalent extent of HN-induced increases in both 37-kD α-glutelin and 22-kD β-glutelin and the relatively stable ratio of 37-kD to 22-kD in glutelin components among different N levels. Furthermore, HN notably enhanced the activities of GS, GOT, GPT in rice grains at the middle-late stages of grain filling, but HN-NT had significantly lower activities of GS, GOT, GPT than HN-NT, implying that HT had an inhibitory impact on HN-induced enhancements in N transferring metabolism in rice grains. Under different N levels, HT resulted in the lowering HMR (heading milled rate) and increasing chalky rate. In contrast, HN-HT had relatively heavier grain weight, higher seed-setting rate, higher HMR and lower chalky grain rate than LN-HT, indicating that N deficiency exacerbated the negative impact of HT on some rice yield and grain quality traits, including grain weight, seed-setting rate, HMR, chalky grain rate, etc.【Conclusion】Nitrogen fertilizer application at young panicle differentiation stage play a regulatory role in the effect of HT exposure at filling stage on storage protein biosynthesis and its accumulation in rice grains. Heavy N application evidently accelerated the glutelin and prolamin biosynthesis in filling grains and significantly enhance the total accumulation amount of grain storage protein both on dry matter basis and on per grain basis, but it contribute to the alleviation for HT-induced decline in 13-kD prolamin biosynthesis and its accumulation amount in rice grains. This occurrence was beneficial to the maintenance of the relatively stable ratio of glutelin to prolamin in HT-ripening grains .

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.), storage protein, nitrogen fertilizer, high temperature, grain quality, nitrogen metabolism

HAN ZhanYu,WU ChunYan,XU YanQiu,HUANG FuDeng,XIONG YiQin,GUAN XianYue,ZHOU LuJian,PAN Gang,CHENG FangMin. Effects of High-Temperature at Filling Stage on Grain Storage Protein Accumulation and Its Biosynthesis Metabolism for Rice Plants Under Different Nitrogen Application Levels[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1439-1454.

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References 39

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基因 Gene name	登录号 Accession No.	上游引物 Forward primer (5′-3′)	下游引物 Reverse primer (5′-3′)
GluA1	KC202291	AAGACAGTGTTCAACGGCGA	TTGGGAGAGCACGGAAGATG
GluA2	KC202292	ATGATGGTGAAGTGCCGGTT	CTCCTCAACTTCACGCCTGT
GluA3	KC202293	ACAACCCAAACCTCGCAGAT	CGGGCACGACCTTGAGTAAT
GluB1	X54314	GCGTATCGCATCTCAAGGGA	GGTCTCGCTTTCGGACTCAT
GluB4	AK242284	GTCAATTGCTGATCATTCCA	CTGCAAGGTGGCTCACCA
GluB5	AY196923	GAGCGTGAAGGATGCCAAT	GGTAAGGCGCGGAATACTGA
Pro13	X14392	AGACTCAAGCTCAAGCCCA	CACCAACAGTGGCAATGCTC
Pro14	D11385	GCAATATCAGGTGCAGTCG	ACTGCTGCCTTACGAACTCA
Pro17	AB016505	GGTGAGTTCGTAAGGCAGCA	GTGCGATCATCCTGAGCTGT
Actin-1	X16280	CAGCACATTCCAGCAGATGT	TAGGCCGGTTGAAAACTTTG

品种 Cultivar	处理Treatment	每盆穗数 Panicle number per pot	每穗实粒数 Spikelets per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	每盆产量 Yield each pot (g/pot)	糙米率 Brown grain rate (%)	整精米率 Head milled grain rate (%)	垩白度 Grain chalky degree (%)	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	粗蛋白含量 Protein content (%)	谷/醇比 Glutelin/ Prolamin
秀水134 Xioushui134	LN-NT	15.8b	126.4b	21.54bc	82.89a	43.20b	74.19a	51.41b	7.71d	15.95a	9.04d	7.27c
	LN-HT	15.3b	99.6d	21.48c	65.80c	32.73c	64.77b	48.29c	62.86a	13.41b	9.97c	8.39a
	HN-NT	18.7a	136.4a	22.37a	83.18a	57.06a	73.36a	56.62a	15.17c	16.03a	10.24b	7.36c
	HN-HT	18.2a	109.3c	21.61b	69.64b	42.98b	65.32b	49.83bc	55.09b	12.86c	10.73a	8.18b
秀水09 Xioushui09	LN-NT	16.9b	126.8b	21.69b	85.48a	46.48b	75.20b	51.33b	6.86c	16.56a	8.86c	7.32c
	LN-HT	16.5b	102.6d	20.15c	67.71d	34.11c	59.46d	42.07d	48.63a	13.64b	10.01b	8.26a
	HN-NT	19.4a	139.3a	23.49a	82.31b	63.48a	77.86a	60.91a	9.45c	16.62a	9.97b	6.80d
	HN-HT	19.1a	110.8c	21.54b	70.44c	45.58b	66.17c	45.59c	24.77b	13.81b	11.06a	7.78b

Effects of High-Temperature at Filling Stage on Grain Storage Protein Accumulation and Its Biosynthesis Metabolism for Rice Plants Under Different Nitrogen Application Levels

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