带状套作大豆群体冠层光能截获与利用特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.01.05

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Intercropping, as one of the most universal multiple cropping systems based on biodiversity, plays an important role in enhancing crop productivity for more efficient use of resources, such as land, light, temperature and water as well as reducing incidence of weeds, insects, pests and diseases to meet the future human demand. Cereal-legume relay intercropping system is commonly used in China, because of the different distances between maize and soybean which influence the PAR distribution above the soybean canopy within relay strip intercropping system, and it is not only bad to the development of canopy structure but also decreases the light interception of intercropped soybean, thus resulting in limited photosynthetic active radiation use efficiency of intercropped soybean which restricts the productivity of maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems. Therefore, there is a need for exploring an optimum spatial-temporal configuration management of intercropping system based on competition so that light resources requirement of soybean can be realized in this system. 【Method】 An experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar Chuandan 418 and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivar Gongxuan1 were used in this study. The relay strip intercropping systems were designed as the distances of maize intercropped with soybean were 40 cm (A)，50 cm (B) and 60 cm (C), and both of maize monoculture (SM) and soybean monoculture (SSB) were used as control. The soybean population canopy structure, light interception, dry matter weight in the relay strip intercropping combinations were measured and analyzed under maize/soybean relay strip intercropping systems in order to optimize the reasonable group configuration.【Result】 The PAR density was different above the soybean canopy under different maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems, and lower than SSB significantly (P＜0.05). During the co-growth stage of maize and soybean, the PAR density occurred in treatment A was lower than that in treatments B and C by 44.1% and 60.4%, respectively. This means that the PAR density decreased as the degree of low light stress increasing due to the distance between maize and soybean decreased. The LAI, LA and plant height of intercropped soybean varied considerably in different maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems. During the stages of V5, V7 and R1, the LAI of treatment B was higher than treatment A and treatment C significantly. Treatment B was higher than that in treatments C and A by 16.4%, 13.1%, 12% and 30.3%, 32.2%, 29.3%. LA of treatment B was higher than that in treatments C and A by 15%, 16%, 14% and 34%，31%，26%. Plant height of treatment B was lower than that in treatments C and A by 7%, 8.8%, 7.9% and 13.5%, 16.7%, 14.8%, which means that suitable soybean canopy structure can improve RUE. The LI of intercropped soybean was decreased significantly under different maize-soybean relay strip intercropping. During the stages of V5, V7 and R1, the LI of treatments A and C was lower than that in treatment B by 43%, 22%, 33% and 21%, 10%, 17%. A positive correlation of LAI and LI was significant (0.977**), which means that LAI might be the main factor due to the LI increasing. The photosynthetic active radiation use efficiency of intercropped soybean varied considerably in different maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems. During the stages of V5, V7 and R1, the RUE of treatment B was higher than that in treatments C and A by 8.6%, 7%, 5.8% and 40%, 23%, 13%. The dry matter weight of soybean in all intercropping systems was lower than monoculture significantly (P＜0.05), and varied considerably in different maize and soybean relay strip intercropping systems. During the stages of V5, V7 and R1, the dry matter weight of treatments A and C was lower than that in treatment B by 59%, 36%, 41% and 27%, 16% and 22%. A positive correlation of DMW and LI was significant (0.989**), which means that the dry matter increased with the light interception increasing. The yield of intercropped soybean and total yield varied considerably in different maize and soybean relay strip intercropping systems(P＜0.05). The yield of treatment B was higher than that in treatments C and A by 10% and 27%, the total yield of treatment B was higher than that in treatments C and A by 1% and 3%. This means that the yield of intercropped soybean increased/decreased as influenced by the intensified low light stress due to the difference of distance between maize and soybean. 【Conclusion】In this case, suitable distance of maize and soybean configuration could optimize intercropped soybean canopy structure, improve the light use efficiency and enhance yield.

Key words: soybean, maize, relay strip intercropping system, canopy structure, light interception, light use efficiency

CUI Liang, SU Ben-ying, YANG Feng, YANG Wen-yu. Relationship Between Light Interception and Light Utilization of Soybean Canopy in Relay Strip Intercropping System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(1): 43-54.

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