Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (12): 2439-2453.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.12.013

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Targeted Metabolomics-Based Analysis of Peel Color Differences Between Yellow and Red Hawthorn

GUO RongKun1,2(), DONG NingGuang2(), NONG HuiLan1,2, WANG Han2, TENG WeiChao1(), MENG JiaXin2()   

  1. 1 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation/Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation/College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004
    2 Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093
  • Received:2023-11-21 Accepted:2024-04-19 Online:2024-06-16 Published:2024-06-25
  • Contact: TENG WeiChao, MENG JiaXin

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the accumulation pattern of flavonoids and carotenoids of yellow and red hawthorn peel during the fruit ripening process, as well as to deepen the understanding of the coloration mechanism of hawthorn peel, so as to provide the guidance for peel color-directed genetic breeding. 【Method】The fruit peel of yellow hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Jinruyi) and red hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Ruanzi) was used as test materials. The components and content of flavonoid and carotenoid in the peel of the two cultivars during different growth stages were examined qualitatively and quantitatively based on targeted metabolomics analysis. The differential accumulation of flavonoids and carotenoid metabolites between the two cultivars was analyzed by the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). 【Result】A total of 130 kinds of flavonoids and 49 kinds of carotenoids were detected in the peel of the two hawthorn cultivars, and the components and content of these metabolites were significantly different between the two cultivars during different growth stages. The anthocyanin content of the Ruanzi peel was 400 times higher than that of the Jinruyi peel, which in the Ruanzi peel and Jinruyi peel at the mature period (S5) was 930.04 and 2.32 µg·g-1, respectively. The major anthocyanin species was cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, which accounted for more than 95% of total anthocyanins. The carotenoid metabolism analysis showed that there was no significant difference in total carotenoid content between Ruanzi and Jinruyi during the S1-S3 period, and lutein was the predominant accumulated carotenoid. The content of β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, neoxanthin, α-carotene, and zeaxanthin in the Jinruyi peel were significantly higher than that in the Ruanzi peel during the S4-S5 period. The massive accumulation of these carotenoid metabolites in the Jinruyi peel led to the difference in carotenoid content in the two hawthorn cultivars during the S4-S5 period. 【Conclusion】 In the hawthorn fruit mature period, the accumulation of anthocyanin in the Ruanzi peel led to the appearance of red, and the accumulation of carotenoid in the Jinruyi peel led to the appearance of yellow. The differential accumulation of anthocyanins and carotenoids played an important role in the hawthorn peel different coloration.

Key words: hawthorn, anthocyanin, flavonoid, carotenoid, metabolomics, peel color

Fig. 1

Phenotypes of Ruanzi and Jinruyi hawthorn at five developmental stages"

Fig. 2

Principal component score chart and Venn diagram of component comparison between two varieties A: Score chart of principal components; B: Comparison of components between two varieties of Venn diagram"

Fig. 3

Differences in flavonoid metabolites between two varieties and five stages A: Comparison of the quantity of flavonoid differential metabolites between two varieties at five stages; B: Venn diagram of flavonoid differential metabolites in 5 stages of two varieties; C: Heat map of flavonoid differential metabolites"

Fig. 4

Accumulation patterns of main anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in Ruanzi and Jinruyi nd: Not detected. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in the same variety at different stages (P<0.05)"

Fig. 5

The proportion of flavonoid content in different stages of Ruanzi and Jinruyi hawthorn"

Fig. 6

Analysis of carotenoid metabolites A: Comparison of the number of different metabolites of carotenoids in 5 stages between two varieties; B: Wayne diagram of differential metabolites of carotenoids; C: Heat map of differential metabolites of carotenoids"

Fig. 7

Content of main carotenoid metabolites in two hawthorn varieties Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in Jinruyi at different periods (P<0.05). Different capital letters indicate significant difference in Ruanzi at different stages (P<0.05)"

Fig. 8

Ring chart of main carotenoid content percentage in 5 periods of Jinruyi"

Fig. 9

Content of anthocyanins and carotenoids at different stages Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the same pigment at different stages (P<0.05)"

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