Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (18): 3664-3674.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.18.015

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Circadian Rhythm on Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestion of Mutton Sheep

ChunTao ZHANG(),Tao MA,Yan TU,QiYu DIAO()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2021-08-02 Accepted:2022-06-01 Online:2022-09-16 Published:2022-09-22
  • Contact: DIAO QiYu E-mail:1033211658@qq.com;diaoqiyu@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】The biological clock system generally exists at all levels of life, which is closely related to the digestive physiology and growth performance of animals. This experiment explored the relationship between circadian rhythm and rumen fermentation parameters, nutrient digestion and metabolism of Hu sheep, in order to explore the relationship between circadian rhythm and physiological digestion and metabolism of Hu sheep, so as to provide an important theoretical basis for improving the growth performance and nutrient utilization of fattening sheep.【Method】Forty-five healthy Hu sheep with body weight of 21.57 ± 0.77kg weight were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 15 sheep in each group. Each treatment group was used the same concentrate supplement and coarse feed. The three treatments were respectively set as follows: day treatment group(DH), that was, 70% of the total daily concentrate + 30% of the total daily coarse feed in the morning; in the evening treatment group(DL), 30% of the daily total concentrate + 70% of the daily total coarse feed were fed in the morning; the control group(CON), i.e. 50% of the daily total concentrate + 50% of the daily total crude feed in the morning and evening. After feeding for two months, the digestion and metabolism test was carried out. Total fecal collection and urine were used to determine nutrient apparent digestibility and metabolic rate. After the feeding experiment, the rumen fluid samples were collected from oral cavity 2 h before morning feeding and 2 h before evening feeding, respectively, for the determination of related indexes. 【Result】 ① The daily gain of DH was 215.00 g, the food intake was lower than that of DL and CON, and the feed conversion ratio was the best, with the value of 5.35, which was 11.19% and 16.04% better than the other two groups, respectively. ② Under different feeding modes, the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of sheep in DH group were higher than those in CON and DL groups. Compared with DL group, The DM digestibility, CP, NDF, and ADF was increased by 21.42%, 22.29%, 9.85%, and 28.69%, respectively. ③ The biological value of nitrogen in DH group was 20.31% higher than that of CON and 67.41% higher than that of DL (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the intake of digestible nitrogen among all groups, and the total nitrogen excretion in DL group was significantly higher than that in DH group (P<0.05). The nitrogen deposition, nitrogen utilization and biological value in DH group were significantly higher than those in DL group (P<0.05) and CON group (P>0.05). ④ There were no significant differences in rumen microbial protein (MCP), acetic acid and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) among groups with different treatments (P>0.05), however, the rumen pH, the ratio of acetic to propionic acid and butyric acid in DH group were significantly lower than those in DL group (P<0.05). With the alternation of day and night, rumen pH, NH3-N, acetic acid, propionic acid, total volatile fatty acid and the ratio of acetic to propionic acid were significantly changed (P<0.05), and the related parameters were higher in day than in night.【Conclusion】Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of sheep could be improved by changing the ration of concentrate to forage in the early and late days under the same nutrient content in the diet, and the feeding high concentrate ratio in the morning and low concentrate ratio in the afternoon. Rumen fermentation was affected by day and night, and feeding high concentrate diet in day promoted the contents of TVFA, NH3-N and MCP in rumen. In a word, it is better to increase the proportion of concentrate in the morning, which is more in line with the rhythm of digestion and absorption of animal body, and has better effect on the utilization of feed.

Key words: mutton sheep, Hu sheep, circadian rhythm, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation

Table 1

Experimental design of circadian rhythm"

组别
Group		 饲粮 Diets（只/d）
上午 Sunrise 下午Sunset
对照组CON 50%日总精料 + 50%日总粗料
50% daily total concentrate + 50% daily total roughage		 50%日总精料 + 50%日总粗料
50% daily total concentrate + 50% daily total roughage
白天组DH 70%日总精料 + 30%日总粗料
70% daily total concentrate + 30% daily total roughage		 30%日总精料 + 70%日总粗料
30% daily total concentrate + 70% daily total roughage
晚上组DL 30%日总精料 + 70%日总粗料
30% daily total concentrate + 70% daily total roughage		 70%日总精料 + 30%日总粗料
70% daily total concentrate + 30% daily total roughage

Table 2

Composition and nutrient levels of Diets (DM basis)"

项目
Item		 原料组成Ingredient
精料Concentrate 羊草Wildrye 精料+羊草 Concentrate + Wildrye
干物质DM (%) 94.77 90.93 93.08
有机物OM (%) 88.93 93.26 90.84
代谢能ME (MJ·kg-1) 11.52 5.93 9.06
粗蛋白质CP (%) 19.27 7.60 14.14
粗脂肪EE (%) 3.43 2.45 3.00
中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) 18.46 65.90 39.33
酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%) 14.34 40.62 25.90
粗灰分Ash (%) 11.07 6.74 9.16
钙Ca (%) 0.81 0.50 0.71
磷P (%) 0.49 0.08 0.31

Table 3

Relationship between circadian rhythm and rumen nutrients in mutton sheep"

项目
Item		 组别 Group SEM P值
P value
CON DH DL
干物质采食量 DMI (kg·d-1) 1.20 1.15 1.21 0.019 0.07
平均日增重 ADG (kg·d-1) 201.33 214.73 194.61 0.089 0.16
饲料转化比 F/G 5.96 5.36 6.29 0.208 0.08
营养物质表观消化率 Nutrient apparent digestibility (%)
干物质 DM 57.04 62.80 51.72 3.117 0.42
有机物 OM 59.21 64.77 59.21 3.320 0.80
粗蛋白 CP 53.38 57.61 47.11 3.389 0.52
粗脂肪 EE 68.46 69.41 73.43 2.882 0.79
中性洗涤纤维 NDF 63.01 62.87 57.23 3.157 0.73
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 54.43 56.83 44.16 3.675 0.41

Table 4

Relationship between circadian rhythm and rumen protein metabolism in mutton sheep"

项目
Item		 组别 Group SEM P值
P value
CON DH DL
摄入氮 N intake (g·d-1) 29.40 28.13 30.70 0.473 0.07
粪氮 Fecal N (g·d-1) 11.13 10.44 11.43 0.345 0.53
尿氮 Fecal N (g·d-1) 8.26ab 5.96b 11.30a 0.752 0.01
总排出氮 Total N excretion (g·d-1) 19.38ab 16.39b 23.29a 0.945 0.01
表观可消化氮 Absorbed N (g·d-1) 18.27 17.69 18.71 0.374 0.58
沉积氮 Retained N (g·d-1) 10.01ab 11.74a 7.41b 0.795 0.11
氮表观消化率 Apparent digestibility of N (%) 62.21 62.90 60.92 0.942 0.75
氮利用率 Utilization efficiency of N (%) 34.16ab 41.61a 23.95b 2.815 0.04
氮的生物学价值 Biological value of N (%) 54.66ab 65.76a 39.28b 4.143 0.03

Table 5

Relationship between circadian rhythm and rumen pH, NH3-N and MCP in mutton sheep"

项目
Item		 昼夜
Time period		 处理 Group 标准误
SEM		 P值 P value
CON DH DL 处理
Groups		 时间
Time		 处理×时间
Group×Time
pH 白天 Day 6.84a 6.26b 7.02a 0.118 <0.01 <0.01 0.05
黑夜 Night 6.30a 6.12b 6.38a
氨态氮
NH3-N (mg·dL-1)		 白天 Day 10.40b 17.91a 10.08b 0.745 <0.01 0.01 <0.01
黑夜 Night 11.18 10.56 11.46
微生物蛋白
MCP (mg·mL-1)		 白天 Day 1.39 1.78 1.42 0.009 0.82 0.12 0.79
黑夜 Night 1.09 1.08 1.11

Table 6

Relationship between circadian rhythm and rumen VFA in mutton sheep"

项目
Item		 时间段
Time period		 处理组 Group 标准误
SEM		 P值 P-value
CON DH DL 处理
Groups		 时间段
Time		 处理×时间段
Group×time
乙酸
Acetic acid (AA,mmol·L-1)		 白天Day 34.46 48.41 39.47 0.008 0.84 0.07 <0.01
黑夜Night 39.81 28.80 34.08
丙酸
Propionic acid (PA,mmol·L-1)		 白天Day 11.29b 21.76a 12.49b 0.232 0.03 <0.01 <0.01
黑夜Night 11.47 9.25 10.97
异丁酸
Isobutyric acid (mmol·L-1)		 白天Day 7.40ab 10.12a 6.46b 0.128 0.05 0.63 0.46
黑夜Night 6.89 8.50 7.38
丁酸
Butyric acid(mmol·L-1)		 白天Day 5.19a 1.51b 6.26a 0.470 <0.01 0.23 0.05
黑夜Night 5.58a 3.57b 5.45a
异戊酸
Isovaleric acid(mmol·L-1)		 白天Day 0.49 0.66 0.51 0.026 0.06 0.01 0.11
黑夜Night 0.87 0.71 0.71
戊酸
Valeric acid(mmol·L-1)		 白天Day 0.39b 0.86a 0.34b 0.154 0.025 0.061 <0.001
黑夜Night 0.48 0.32 0.37
总挥发酸
TVFA(mmol·L-1)		 白天Day 59.22b 81.31a 65.53b 0.342 0.472 0.001 <0.001
黑夜Night 65.08 51.16 59.07
乙/丙
AA/PA		 白天Day 3.12a 2.52b 3.22a 0.030 0.005 0.002 0.545
黑夜Night 3.48 3.17 3.53
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