饲粮中全株玉米青贮比例对杜湖杂交母羔生长性能、瘤胃发酵、养分消化率及血清学指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.04.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different proportions of the whole-plant corn silage on growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidative enzymes’ activities, and immune function at different stages of Doper ×Hu crossbred female lambs.【Method】Seventy-two female lambs (Dorper sheep×Hu sheep) with good body condition and an approximate weight (16 ± 1.5) kg were selected and randomly divided into four groups, each group with six replicates, each replicate with three lambs. Group I as the control group was fed with peanut vine as the basis of roughage source in diet, Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ for experimental groups were respectively fed 20%, 40%, and 60% the whole-plant corn silage (dry matter basis) instead of peanut vine in the diet. The experiment lasted for 115 days, of which the pre-test period was 15 days and the formal test period was 100 days, including 90 days for a feeding trial and 10 days for a digestibility trial.【Result】(1) Compared with I group, average daily gain in group III increased significantly (P＜0.05) from 1 to 30 days, and feed conversion ratio significantly reduced (P＜0.05) from 1 to 30 days and 1 to 90 days. (2) The addition of whole-plant corn silage in the diet could improve the rumen fermentation of lambs. With the increase of proportions of whole-plant corn silage, acetate, butyrate, and acetate/propionate decreased significantly in rumen fluid of lambs (P＜0.05); the ratio of propionate increased significantly (P＜0.05); group IV had a considerably higher concentration of NH₃-N than group I, II, and III in rumen fluid of lambs (P＜0.05). (3) The apparent digestibility of DM, GE of group III and IV was significantly higher than those of group I (P＜0.05), the apparent digestibility of OM, the nitrogen of group II, III, and IV were markedly higher than those of group I (P＜0.05). With the increase of proportions of whole-plant corn silage in diet, the fecal nitrogen excretion of lambs decreased significantly (P＜0.05). And the fecal nitrogen excretion of group II, III, and IV was markedly lower than that of group I (P＜0.05). Lambs in group IV had significantly higher urinary nitrogen excretion (P＜0.05), which resulted in a lower nitrogen retention rate than that of group III (P＜0.05). (4) Serum glucose concentration in group III was significantly higher than in group I and II on the 90th day (P＜0.05). (5) Group III had a considerably higher serum T- AOC and lower serum MDA concentration than group I did on the 90th day (P＜0.05); serum SOD and GSH-Px activities in group IV were significantly higher than those in group I on the 60th day and 90th day(P＜0.05). Group IV had significantly higher serum IgA and IgM concentration (P＜0.05) and significantly lowered the levels of TNF-α than group I did on the 60th day and 90th day (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】Forty percentage of whole-plant corn silage in diet could improve the rumen fermentation, increase nutrient digestibility, enhance the antioxidant ability and immunity, and promote the healthy growth of lambs.

Key words: whole-plant corn silage, Dorper ×Hu Crossbred females lambs, growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, serological parameters

WANG JinFei,YANG GuoYi,FAN ZiHan,LIU Qi,ZHANG PengCheng,REN YouShe,YANG ChunHe,ZHANG ChunXiang. Effects of Whole Plant Corn Silage Ratio in Diet on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, Nutrient Digestibility and Serological Parameters of Dorper×Hu Crossbred Female Lambs[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 831-844.

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Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Effects of whole-plant corn silage ratio in diet on serum biochemical index of Doper×Hu crossbred female lambs"

项目 Item	组别 Groups				固定效应P值 P values of fixed effects
项目 Item	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	组别 Groups	时间 Time	组别×时间 Groups×Time
谷草转氨酶 AST (U·L^-1)
1-90 d	101.76±13.83	103.39±11.90	101.19±11.05	101.70±11.22	0.9496	＜0.0001	0.4419
60 d	101.57±12.30	100.57±14.45	98.37±15.78	98.96±12.41	0.9418
90 d	91.89±8.36	99.33±11.99	98.53±12.41	99.70±11.76	0.3247
谷丙转氨酶 ALT (U·L^-1)
1-90 d	21.39±4.33	20.28±3.91	22.41±5.34	18.91±4.96	0.1526	＜0.0001	0.2301
30 d	24.27±4.34	23.42±4.44	24.87±5.75	21.22±6.10	0.2364
60 d	20.89±3.21	18.89±3.97	22.23±6.07	18.80±5.09	0.1609
90 d	19.01±4.65	18.55±3.51	20.14±2.93	16.73±5.02	0.0845
尿素氮 UREA (mmol·L^-1)
1-90 d	2.95±0.68	2.86±0.63	2.75±0.62	2.92±0.50	0.8244	0.1550	0.8626
30 d	2.99±0.47	2.92±0.59	2.96±0.65	2.95±0.59	0.9907
60 d	2.94±0.57	2.86±0.59	2.67±0.53	2.95±0.62	0.5489
90 d	2.92±0.95	2.81±0.90	2.61±0.87	2.86±0.70	0.8268
总胆固醇 TC (mmol·L^-1)
1-90 d	0.58±0.18	0.63±0.21	0.62±0.20	0.68±0.19	0.5245	0.0791	0.3326
30 d	0.55±0.14	0.63±0.18	0.62±0.24	0.69±0.24	0.0952
60 d	0.59±0.23	0.59±0.23	0.64±0.23	0.71±0.19	0.3343
90 d	0.61±0.15	0.66±0.17	0.61±0.18	0.64±0.14	0.8108
甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L^-1)
1-90 d	0.28±0.05	0.26±0.05	0.26±0.05	0.27±0.04	0.6427	0.0099	0.9691
30 d	0.30±0.06	0.27±0.07	0.28±0.08	0.30±0.07	0.5781
60 d	0.28±0.07	0.26±0.07	0.26±0.05	0.28±0.07	0.8323
90 d	0.27±0.07	0.26±0.07	0.25±0.05	0.25±0.06	0.8958
总蛋白 TP (g·L^-1)
1-90 d	54.43±3.20	54.29±2.92	52.77±2.93	52.51±2.35	0.1926	0.9255	0.6605
30 d	53.61±3.92	54.33±3.74	52.31±4.32	52.07±2.44	0.3674
60 d	54.30±4.17	54.36±3.81	53.27±3.16	52.39±3.62	0.5247
90 d	55.37±3.94	54.19±3.18	52.72±4.07	53.06±3.47	0.0970
白蛋白 ALB (g·L^-1)
1-90 d	25.90±1.58	24.82±1.30	24.69±1.44	24.58±0.96	0.1492	0.8958	0.3019
30 d	26.60±3.49	24.37±1.66	24.56±2.47	24.15±1.22	0.1003
60 d	25.38±1.53	25.54±1.33	24.99±1.79	24.78±1.84	0.4662
90 d	25.71±2.07	26.14±2.16	25.58±2.23	25.73±1.51	0.8788
葡萄糖 GLU (mmol·L^-1)
1-90 d	3.03±0.38	3.09±0.38	3.30±0.41	3.01±0.40	0.1164	0.0784	0.1010
30 d	3.07±0.49	3.16±0.37	3.15±0.48	3.00±0.50	0.7553
60 d	2.84±0.47	2.98±0.55	3.28±0.51	3.09±0.55	0.1064
90 d	2.94±0.27c	3.12±0.36bc	3.48±0.27a	3.19±0.23b	0.0041
碱性磷酸酶 ALP (U·L^-1)
1-90 d	364.47±85.99	353.91±87.62	383.54±93.17	336.48±67.87	0.3050	＜0.0001	0.0791
30 d	413.51±82.72	394.57±67.51	440.92±78.30	397.00±75.03	0.3452
60 d	356.37±99.68	373.15±97.18	393.12±78.55	309.79±69.65	0.3118
90 d	296.11±70.46	294.00±75.72	344.00±97.87	302.66±68.78	0.2233

Table 5

Table 6

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 7

References 44

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项目 Items	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
原料 Ingredients
全株玉米青贮 Whole-plant corn silage	0.0	20.0	40.0	60.0
花生秧 Peanut seedling	51.3	33.3	16.3	2.1
玉米 Maize	27.5	24.8	23.0	24.2
麸皮 Wheat bran	9.0	10.4	8.6	0.0
豆粕 Soybean meal	4.0	4.0	3.8	6.5
豆饼 Bean cake	6.8	5.9	6.5	5.3
食盐 Salt	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
石粉 Limestone	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.5
小苏打 NaHCO₃	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
预混料 Premix¹⁾	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
合计 Total	100	100	100	100
营养水平 Nutrient levels³⁾
代谢能 ME (Mcal·kg^-1)	11.51	11.52	11.53	11.52
粗蛋白 CP	14.88	14.84	14.89	14.90
非纤维性碳水化合物 NFC²⁾	32.77	34.46	35.99	38.34
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	42.57	41.08	39.29	37.46
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	26.56	26.14	25.62	22.15
钙 Ca	0.63	0.62	0.59	0.59
磷 P	0.42	0.41	0.38	0.38

项目 Item	组别 Groups				固定效应P值 P values of fixed effects
项目 Item	Ⅰ组	Ⅱ组	Ⅲ组	Ⅳ组	组别 Groups	时间 Time	组别×时间 Groups×Time
体重 BW (kg)
1 d	18.70±1.10	18.44±1.09	19.08±1.16	19.01±0.96	0.4498
30 d	21.56±1.27	22.10±2.21	23.26±2.28	21.90±1.87	0.1760
60 d	27.92±1.49ab	28.53±2.38ab	29.75±2.89a	26.70±2.52b	0.0256
90 d	34.81±2.15a	35.40±2.60a	36.95±3.01a	32.64±2.42b	0.0019
平均日增重 ADG (g·d^-1)
1-90 d	179.07±24.92a	188.43±29.23a	198.57±26.14a	151.39±26.91b	0.0010	＜0.0001	0.6596
1-30 d	95.42±31.89b	121.81±41.85ab	139.45±46.59a	96.39±52.88b	0.0500
31-60 d	211.94±48.92	214.31±94.51	216.11±46.47	159.86±42.92	0.0889
61-90 d	229.86±43.89a	229.17±27.89a	240.14±22.18a	197.92±32.86b	0.0175
干物质采食量 DMI (g·d^-1)
1-90 d	1.01±0.08	1.00±0.07	0.97±0.14	0.93±0.07	0.5492	＜0.0001	0.1053
1-30 d	0.66±0.06	0.65±0.08	0.69±0.16	0.68±0.13	0.9157
31-60 d	1.10±0.10	1.06±0.05	0.98±0.16	0.94±0.08	0.0759
61-90 d	1.29±0.13	1.28±0.13	1.25±0.15	1.19±0.10	0.5408
饲料转化率 F/G
1-90 d	5.89±0.48ab	5.30±0.39bc	4.91±0.78c	6.29±0.55a	0.0020	＜0.0001	0.0550
1-30 d	6.89±0.61a	5.34±0.68b	4.97±1.11b	6.99±1.33a	0.0025
31-60 d	5.18±0.48b	4.95±0.25b	4.54±0.74b	5.90±0.47a	0.0017
61-90 d	5.60±0.58	5.60±0.58	5.20±0.64	6.00±0.53	0.1689

项目 Item	组别 Groups				P值 P value
项目 Item	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	P值 P value
pH	6.60±0.19	6.57±0.16	6.55±0.13	6.45±0.18	0.6757
氨态氮 NH₃-N (mg·dL^-1)	8.23±1.39b	8.51±2.81b	9.00±1.84b	13.26±4.08a	0.0144
总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA (mmol·L^-1)	110.88±10.78	103.39±9.72	101.69±9.74	99.99±7.70	0.5581
乙酸 Acetate (%)	68.06±1.07a	67.20±0.89a	65.28±1.67b	64.90±1.43b	0.0036
丙酸 Propionate (%)	14.74±1.23c	17.06±0.89b	21.28±1.14a	21.37±0.52a	＜0.0001
丁酸 Butyrate (%)	14.41±1.78a	13.00±1.51a	10.86±0.74b	11.03±1.45b	0.0030
异丁酸 Isobutyrate (%)	0.92±0.05	0.86±0.08	0.74±0.04	0.84±0.08	0.0696
戊酸 Valerate (%)	0.81±0.07	0.84±0.09	0.78±0.09	0.84±0.05	0.8435
异戊酸 Isovalerate (%)	1.06±0.13	1.04±0.15	1.05±0.10	1.07±0.17	0.9924
乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/Propionate	4.72±0.19a	3.95±0.18b	3.07±0.23c	3.05±0.16c	＜0.0001

项目 Item	组别 Groups				P值 P value
项目 Item	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	P值 P value
干物质 DM (%)	59.40±2.50b	66.00±4.08ab	67.67±3.45a	67.33±2.85a	0.0482
有机物 OM (%)	65.83±3.18b	71.83±3.27a	73.33±3.10a	73.50±3.45a	0.0238
中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%)	51.83±3.67	56.17±4.72	52.33±4.63	50.83±4.18	0.5641
总能 GE (%)	64.17±2.26b	70.33±3.86ab	71.67±2.23a	72.50±3.19a	0.0446
摄入氮 Nitrogen intake (g·d^-1)	30.48±3.13	30.36±3.15	29.56±3.67	28.09±2.48	0.5417
粪氮 Fecal nitrogen (g·d^-1)	11.08±1.98a	8.69±1.26b	7.93±0.93b	7.59±1.15b	0.0014
尿氮 Urinary nitrogen (g·d^-1)	6.46±1.76ab	6.21±1.64ab	5.28±1.10b	8.28±1.06a	0.0456
总排泄氮 Total nitrogen excretion (g·d^-1)	17.54±3.02	14.90±2.12	13.21±2.50	15.87±2.96	0.1189
可消化氮 Digestible nitrogen (g·d^-1)	19.41±3.23	21.67±3.65	21.63±2.98	20.50±3.20	0.5922
氮表观消化率 Apparent digestibility of nitrogen (%)	63.17±3.68b	71.17±3.18a	73.00±2.19a	72.67±2.54a	0.0156
氮沉积率 Nitrogen retention rate (%)	41.87±4.08b	50.38±3.04ab	54.97±2.65a	43.40±2.98b	0.0441

项目 Item	组别 Groups				固定效应P值 P values of fixed effects
项目 Item	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	组别 Groups	时间 Time	组别×时间 Groups×Time
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC (U·mL^-1)
1-90 d	10.40±1.32	10.30±1.57	11.49±2.15	10.04±1.28	0.0666	＜0.0001	0.0701
30 d	8.77±1.39	9.20±1.56	10.34±2.14	8.85±1.59	0.0515
60 d	11.19±2.01	10.49±1.78	11.51±2.88	9.54±1.59	0.1276
90 d	11.24±0.74b	11.22±1.61b	12.62±1.93a	11.73±1.63ab	0.0433
过氧化氢酶 CAT (U·mL^-1)
1-90 d	50.83±6.87	50.56±6.50	50.93±5.32	51.52±4.62	0.9700	＜0.0001	0.0751
30 d	44.33±5.51	44.30±5.73	45.11±4.57	47.32±5.35	0.2514
60 d	50.30±5.06	49.14±7.52	47.97±5.76	50.15±4.68	0.7542
90 d	57.84±9.41	58.25±7.49	59.71±6.08	57.11±7.06	0.8067
丙二醛 MDA (nmol·mL^-1)
1-90 d	4.17±0.74	4.16±0.42	3.90±0.43	4.29±0.45	0.1887	＜0.0001	0.0089
30 d	4.67±0.81	4.42±0.74	4.30±0.31	4.92±0.75	0.0886
60 d	4.00±0.87	4.15±0.69	4.05±0.57	4.24±0.55	0.7544
90 d	3.84±0.66a	3.89±0.41a	3.35±0.51b	3.71±0.51ab	0.0169
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD (U·mL^-1)
1-90 d	63.83±7.89	64.05±6.81	65.51±9.59	69.92±5.60	0.1143	＜0.0001	0.3322
30 d	58.51±11.74	57.53±14.09	55.42±14.34	62.84±10.96	0.4554
60 d	64.60±5.88b	66.73±6.67ab	69.29±8.03ab	70.55±6.38a	0.0462
90 d	68.39±6.25b	67.88±8.23b	71.80±7.25ab	76.38±8.39a	0.0369
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px (U·mL^-1)
1-90 d	540.99±54.65b	564.43±51.22ab	563.30±47.33ab	589.49±49.89a	0.0457	＜0.0001	0.0033
30 d	520.76±48.33	520.79±53.74	509.51±49.74	536.41±40.03	0.5275
60 d	517.19±81.34b	558.50±68.09ab	559.12±67.32ab	607.55±56.12a	0.0134
90 d	585.00±35.53b	613.99±35.56a	621.28±34.43a	624.53±41.40a	0.0041

Effects of Whole Plant Corn Silage Ratio in Diet on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, Nutrient Digestibility and Serological Parameters of Dorper×Hu Crossbred Female Lambs

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项目 Item	组别 Groups				固定效应P值 P values of fixed effects
项目 Item	Ⅰ组	Ⅱ组	Ⅲ组	Ⅳ组	组别 Groups	时间 Time	组别×时间 Groups×Time
免疫球蛋白A IgA (g·L^-1)
1-90 d	0.64±0.04c	0.66±0.04bc	0.68±0.03ab	0.70±0.02a	＜0.0001	0.0016	0.8686
30 d	0.63±0.07b	0.64±0.06b	0.67±0.05ab	0.69±0.04a	0.0169
60 d	0.65±0.03c	0.67±0.02bc	0.68±0.02b	0.70±0.02a	＜0.0001
90 d	0.64±0.05c	0.66±0.06bc	0.69±0.04ab	0.71±0.01a	0.0004
免疫球蛋白M IgM (g·L^-1)
1-90 d	1.04±0.08b	1.07±0.06b	1.07±0.04b	1.11±0.03a	0.0038	0.2169	0.0825
30 d	1.09±0.09	1.06±0.09	1.05±0.04	1.10±0.04	0.3398
60 d	1.02±0.17b	1.12±0.14ab	1.08±0.12a	1.14±0.10a	0.0355
90 d	1.02±0.05c	1.04±0.07bc	1.09±0.04ab	1.10±0.05a	0.0013
免疫球蛋白G IgG (g·L^-1)
1-90 d	17.42±1.88	17.42±1.56	17.63±1.42	18.50±1.26	0.1263	＜0.0001	0.1939
30 d	17.08±1.79	17.08±1.40	16.94±0.73	18.10±1.39	0.1827
60 d	17.28±1.93	17.70±1.77	18.07±1.98	18.60±1.41	0.2629
90 d	17.89±1.41	17.49±1.67	17.86±1.75	18.80±1.24	0.0782
肿瘤坏死因子 TNF-α (pg·ml^-1)
1-90 d	62.43±9.34a	59.82±7.65ab	55.44±7.19b	53.94±8.24b	0.0238	＜0.0001	0.0676
30 d	70.83±13.56	64.85±13.23	60.61±7.23	60.27±9.62	0.0699
60 d	61.05±6.62a	59.87±5.80a	57.88±5.72ab	55.23±5.78b	0.0491
90 d	55.42±8.73a	54.75±6.10a	47.82±9.30b	46.32±9.45b	0.0036