高脂肪日粮对早期断奶羔羊断奶前后能量代谢和屠宰性能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.10.016

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Fat is an important nutrient element in animal diet, and it is also the main energy supply material, so it plays an important role in animal production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high fat diet on growth performance, energy metabolism and slaughter performance of early weaned Hu lambs before and after weaning, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for healthy breeding of early weaned lambs. 【Method】Thirty pairs of healthy Hu sheep twin lambs with similar birth age, similar weight were randomly divided into two groups, including high fat diet group (HF: 26.89% and 5.07%) and normal fat diet group (NF: 15.15% and 2.80%). The lambs of the two groups were fed with milk replacer and pellet with different fat levels from 7 to 60 days old and weaned milk powder at 60 days old, and then which were fed with the same pellet from 60 to 120 days. Nine pairs of twin lambs were randomly selected at the age of 50-60 and 110-120 days according to the average body weight, and the digestion and metabolism trails were conducted by the method of total feces and urine collection to evaluate the energy metabolism of lambs fed diets with different fat levels before and after weaning. According to the average body weight of lambs, nine pairs of twin lambs were randomly slaughtered at the age of 60 and 120 days to test slaughter performance, organ indexes, and gastrointestinal development. 【Result】Before weaning, the total dry matter intake (DMI), total energy intake (GE), fecal energy (FE), urinary energy (UE), apparent digestibility of total energy, total energy metabolic rate (ME/GE), empty body weight (EBW), slaughter rate, GR value of lambs in the two groups were significantly higher than those in the control group .There was no significant difference in the proportion of stomach and intestines to pre slaughter live weight (P>0.05); The body weight, DE, ME, DE/ME, HCW, head weight, heart weight, hoof weight, the proportion of hoof weight to live weight before slaughter, omasum weight and small intestine weight of 60 day old lambs in HF group were higher than those in NF group (0.05<P<0.1), and the eye muscle area and abomasum weight were significantly higher than those in NF group (P<0.05). After weaning milk powder, all lambs were fed the same pellet to 120 days of age. DMI of lambs fed high fat diet at 61-120 stage and BW, LBW, EBW, HCW, skin + gross weight, heart weight, hoof weight and rumen weight of lambs at 120 days of age were significantly higher than those in NF group (P<0.05), and spleen and kidney weight were also higher than those in NF group (0.05<P<0.1); the feeding high fat diet before weaning did not affect energy metabolism, other organ index and gastrointestinal development of lambs after weaning (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】Feeding high fat diet before weaning could improve the body weight, digestible energy and metabolizable energy, carcass weight and eye muscle area of lambs. Feeding high fat diet during lactation significantly increased feed intake, body weight, live weight before slaughter and carcass weight of lambs after weaning. In conclusion, the increasing dietary fat content before weaning had a positive effect on energy metabolism and slaughter performance of Hu sheep twin male lambs before and after weaning.

Key words: high-fat, twin, Hu sheep, energy metabolism

LI WenJuan,TAO Hui,ZHANG NaiFeng,MA Tao,DIAO QiYu. Effects of High-Fat Diet on Energy Metabolism and Slaughter Performance of Early-Weaning Lambs[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(10): 2206-2216.

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Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Effect of high-fat diet on early Hu sheep organ index (60 and 120 days of age)"

项目 Items		组别Groups		SEM	P
项目 Items		NF	HF	SEM	P
60日龄 60 days of age
头Head	重量Weight (g)	694.83	793.33	45.691	0.084
头Head	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	7.57	7.01	0.962	0.201
皮+毛Fur	重量Weight (g)	869.17	1000	105.400	0.270
皮+毛Fur	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	9.04	8.63	0.511	0.270
蹄Hoofs	重量Weight (g)	362.50	436.67	32.568	0.071
蹄Hoofs	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	3.84	3.83	0.284	0.072
心Heart	重量Weight (g)	48.02	57.6	3.143	0.064
心Heart	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	0.52	0.5	0.318	0.684
肝Liver	重量Weight (g)	187.85	250.55	8.761	0.102
肝Liver	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	1.95	2.18	0.530	0.109
脾Spleen	重量Weight (g)	15.87	21.05	2.563	0.112
脾Spleen	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	0.17	0.19	0.191	0.249
肺Lungs	重量Weight (g)	134.62b	171.02a	5.861	0.049
肺Lungs	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	1.43	1.49	0.504	0.591
肾Kidneys	重量Weight (g)	39.93	44.55	2.772	0.201
肾Kidneys	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	0.43	0.39	0.224	0.14
120日龄 120 days of age
头Head	重量Weight (g)	1500	1577.78	44.280	0.117
头Head	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	5.05	4.85	0.468	0.117
皮+毛Fur	重量Weight (g)	2544.44b	2866.67a	117.400	0.025
皮+毛Fur	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	8.47	8.77	0.293	0.325
蹄Hoofs	重量Weight/g	840	851.11	29.460	0.716
蹄Hoofs	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	2.82a	2.61b	0.481	0.030
心Heart	重量Weight (g)	113.92b	130.84a	4.033	0.014
心Heart	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	0.38	0.40	0.252	0.464
肝Liver	重量Weight (g)	640.94	679.35	10.092	0.291
肝Liver	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	2.12	2.08	0.448	0.559
脾Spleen	重量Weight (g)	39.2	42.55	2.188	0.069
脾Spleen	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	0.13	0.13	0.152	0.761
肺Lungs	重量Weight (g)	348.86	359.72	8.954	0.695
肺Lungs	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	1.17	1.11	0.451	0.428
肾Kidneys	重量Weight (g)	107.95	116.15	3.291	0.053
肾Kidneys	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of LBW(%)	0.36	0.36	0.213	0.707

Table 5

Table 6

Effect of high-fat diet on gastrointestinal development in early weaning Hu sheep (60 and 120 days old)"

项目 Items		组别Groups		SEM	P
项目 Items		NF	HF	SEM	P
60日龄 60 days of age
瘤胃 Rumen	重量Weight (g)	160.10	180.80	7.111	0.362
	占复胃重比例Percentage of total complex stomach weight(%)	65.02	63.56	2.643	0.631
	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	1.57	1.51	0.641	0.729
网胃 Reticulum	重量Weight (g)	24.83	29.43	2.560	0.146
	占复胃重量的比例Percentage of total complex stomach weight(%)	10.18	10.62	1.384	0.595
	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	0.24	0.25	0.227	0.823
瓣胃 Omasum	重量Weight (g)	10.97	14.78	2.101	0.088
	占复胃重量的比例Percentage of total complex stomach weight(%)	4.84	5.52	1.374	0.423
	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	0.11	0.13	0.185	0.404
皱胃 Abomasum	重量Weight (g)	44.32b	54.25a	3.009	0.043
	占复胃重量的比例Percentage of total complex stomach weight(%)	19.96	20.30	2.183	0.867
	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	0.46	0.47	0.285	0.778
小肠 Small intestine	重量Weight (g)	265.03	324.83	8.044	0.073
小肠 Small intestine	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	2.78	2.84	0.490	0.538
大肠 Large intestine	重量Weight (g)	189.43	198.35	5.071	0.435
大肠 Large intestine	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	2.09	1.70	0.809	0.204
120日龄 120 days of age
瘤胃 Rumen	重量Weight (g)	697.50b	791.82a	106.901	0.030
	占复胃重比例Percentage of total complex stomach weight(%)	71.80	73.11	1.521	0.413
	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	2.34	2.42	0.319	0.469
网胃 Reticulum	重量Weight (g)	90.82	94.32	11.381	0.382
	占复胃重量的比例Percentage of total complex stomach weight(%)	9.30	8.73	0.363	0.154
	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	0.30	0.29	0.011	0.257
瓣胃 Omasum	重量Weight (g)	53.38	56.59	15.568	0.553
	占复胃重量的比例Percentage of total complex stomach weight(%)	5.53	5.24	0.572	0.626
	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	0.18	0.17	0.071	0.751
皱胃 Abomasum	重量Weight (g)	129.79	138.61	31.956	0.432
	占复胃重量的比例Percentage of total complex stomach weight(%)	13.37	12.92	1.021	0.669
	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	0.43	0.43	0.092	0.854
小肠 Small intestine	重量Weight (g)	584.78	617.00	144.000	0.521
小肠 Small intestine	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	1.95	1.91	0.412	0.756
大肠 Large intestine	重量Weight (g)	517.34	540.49	128.901	0.605
大肠 Large intestine	占宰前活重的比例Percentage of live weight(%)	1.72	1.66	0.311	0.551

Table 6

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项目 Items	代乳粉Milk replacer
项目 Items	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ
原料组成Ingredients（风干基础air dry basis）
玉米Corn (%)			47.25	50.00	55.00
豆粕Soybean meal (%)			28.70	31.48	19.00
麦麸Wheat bran (%)			20.00	10.00	7.60
羊草Leymus chinensis (%)			0.00	0.00	15.00
脂肪粉Fat powder (%)			0.00	4.34	0.00
石粉Limestone (%)			2.56	2.44	1.60
食盐Salt (%)			0.43	0.44	0.35
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄ (%)			0.06	0.30	0.45
预混料Premix¹⁾(%)			1.00	1.00	1.00
合计Total (%)			100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels（干物质基础 dry matter basis）
干物质DM (%)	94.77	95.04	93.48	93.44	86.79
粗蛋白质CP (%)	23.12	23.53	20.97	21.01	15.35
粗脂肪EE (%)	15.15	26.89	2.80	5.07	2.81
中性洗涤纤维NDF (%)	-	-	24.79	15.73	21.07
酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%)	-	-	5.18	4.52	2.48
粗灰分Ash (%)	6.06	6.54	7.06	7.06	6.63
钙Ca (%)	1.12	1.15	1.04	1.03	1.06
磷P (%)	0.63	0.67	0.52	0.48	0.45

项目 Items	组别Groups		SEM	P
项目 Items	NF	HF	SEM	P
每日总干物质采食量Total DMI^2）(g·d^-1)
7-60d	233.12	237.04	12.55	0.762
61-120d	907.30b^1）	957.17a	7.67	<0.001
体重BW (kg)
7	4.15	4.17	0.13	0.877
60	11.63	12.78	0.19	0.070
120	29.28b	31.40a	0.91	0.015

项目 Items	组别Groups		SEM	P
项目 Items	NF	HF	SEM	P
50-60日龄 50-60 days of age
摄入总能GE Intake (MJ·kg^-1W^0.75·d^-1)	1.67	1.98	0.179	0.132
粪能FE (MJ·kg^-1W^0.75·d^-1)	0.27	0.29	0.045	0.716
尿能UE (MJ·kg^-1W^0.75·d^-1)	0.04	0.04	0.004	0.696
消化能DE(MJ·kg^-1W^0.75·d^-1)	1.39	1.68	0.141	0.077
代谢能ME (MJ·kg^-1W^0.75·d^-1)	1.22	1.49	0.126	0.071
总能的表观消化率Apparent digestibility of GE (%)	83.65	85.43	1.292	0.212
总能代谢率ME/GE (%)	73.36	75.64	1.214	0.103
消化能代谢率DE/ME (%)	87.68	88.53	0.375	0.069
110-120日龄 110-120 days of age
摄入总能GE Intake (MJ·kg^-1W^0.75·d^-1)	2.00	1.99	0.100	0.905
粪能FE(MJ·kg^-1W^0.75·d^-1)	0.53	0.55	0.043	0.629
尿能UE (MJ·kg^-1W^0.75·d^-1)	0.05	0.05	0.005	0.231
消化能DE (MJ·kg^-1W^0.75·d^-1)	1.48	1.44	0.078	0.675
代谢能ME (MJ·kg^-1W^0.75·d^-1)	1.26	1.24	0.070	0.720
总能的表观消化率Apparent digestibility of GE (%)	73.60	72.65	1.535	0.553
总能代谢率ME/GE (%)	62.88	62.27	1.643	0.720
消化能代谢率DE/ME (%)	85.34	85.61	0.592	0.653

项目 Items	组别Groups		SEM	P
项目 Items	NF	HF	SEM	P
60日龄 60 days of age
宰前活重LBW(kg)	9.58	11.57	1.542	0.096
空体重EBW(kg)	7.46	8.58	0.861	0.238
胴体重HCW(kg)	4.33b	5.41a	0.424	0.048
屠宰率Dressing percentage(%)	44.83	46.69	1.931	0.277
GR值Grade rule(mm)	1.12	1.21	0.043	0.432
眼肌面积Rib eye area(cm²)	8.43b	10.29a	0.261	0.001
120日龄 120 days of age
宰前活重LBW(kg)	30.00b	32.72a	1.739	0.028
空体重EBW(kg)	21.19b	23.19a	0.732	0.025
胴体重HCW(kg)	14.17b	15.65a	1.249	0.022
屠宰率Dressing percentage(%)	47.05	47.72	1.210	0.207
GR值Grade rule(mm)	2.33	2.39	0.052	0.121
眼肌面积Rib eye area(cm²)	19.11	20.44	0.759	0.119

Effects of High-Fat Diet on Energy Metabolism and Slaughter Performance of Early-Weaning Lambs

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