种植密度对玉米-大豆带状间作下大豆光合、产量及茎秆抗倒的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to reveal the light environment change law of soybean canopy under different planting densities in maize-soybean strip intercropping, and to clarify the effects of density on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, yield and stem lodging resistance of soybean, so as to provide the theoretical reference for the construction of reasonable population density of intercropped soybean in low radiation area. 【Method】In this study, soybean genotype of Chuandou-16 and maize genotype of Zhenghong-505 were used as experimental materials. The two-factor random expulsion design was adopted, among which maize-soybean strip intercropping and monocropping were the main factors, and three planting densities of soybean (PD1 = 17 plants/m², PD2 = 20 plants/m², PD3 = 25 plants/m²) were the secondary factors. Effects of planting density on light environment of canopy, photosynthetic characteristics, growth dynamics, lodging percentage and yield composition of soybean were investigated. 【Result】Two-year data showed that the growth of soybean was affected by the shading of maize and self-shade at the middle and later stages in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system. The photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) in the canopy of the plant population, leaf area index (LAI), leaf photosynthetic capacity, number of branches and yield were significantly decreased, while the degree of being affected by maize varied with soybean planting densities. In the strip intercropping, compared with PD3, the PAR in soybean population canopy of PD1 and PD2 increased by 45.4% and 24.8% respectively, the Pn of leaves increased by 46.1% and 12.3%, respectively, the Ep increased by 53.2% and 27.2%, respectively, the Bn increased by 270.4% and 140.9%, respectively, and the lodging percentage decreased by 50.3% and 19.3%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that lodging percentage was significantly negatively correlated with the PAR, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stem bending force (SBF), dry weight of stem / leaf ratio (S﹕L), number of branches per plant (Bn) and number of effective pods per plant (Ep), and positively correlated with plant height (PH), LAI and number of ineffective pods per plant (nEp). 【Conclusion】Therefore, in the maize-soybean strip intercropping, the appropriate planting density (20 plants/m²) was beneficial to create a better light environment of soybean population, reduce the lodging percentage, increase the accumulation of photosynthates, and thus improve the yield of soybean.

Key words: LAI, PAR, maize-soybean strip intercropping, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

CHENG Bin,LIU WeiGuo,WANG Li,XU Mei,QIN SiSi,LU JunJi,GAO Yang,LI ShuXian,Ali RAZA,ZHANG Yi,Irshan AHMAD,JING ShuZhong,LIU RanJin,YANG WenYu. Effects of Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Stem Lodging Resistance of Soybean in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4084-4096.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment		叶绿素含量 Content (mg·g^-1)			Chl(a/b)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment		Chla	Chlb	Chl(a+b)	Chl(a/b)
2019	单作 Monocropping	PD1	4.11±0.11f	1.32±0.03e	5.43±0.14e	3.11±0.14a
		PD2	4.81±0.14e	1.63±0.06d	6.44±0.17d	2.95±0.21b
		PD3	5.68±0.08d	1.98±0.08cd	7.66±0.25cd	2.86±0.17b
	间作 Intercropping	PD1	5.91±0.17c	2.08±0.05c	7.99±0.31c	2.84±0.23bc
		PD2	6.56±0.27b	2.48±0.12b	9.04±0.28b	2.64±0.16c
		PD3	6.80±0.32a	3.04±0.08a	9.84±0.24a	2.23±0.18d
F-value	密度 PD		238.03**	392.30**	213.16**	575.71**
	种植模式 PP		1168.70**	1543.48**	982.83**	1631.41**
	密度×种植模式 PD×PP		23.03**	19.78**	9.41**	125.41**
2020	单作 Monocropping	PD1	3.84±0.21e	1.18±0.18e	5.02±0.25e	3.24±0.28a
		PD2	4.96±0.45d	1.72±0.22d	6.68±0.14d	2.87±0.65b
		PD3	5.74±0.29c	2.08±0.32c	7.82±0.27c	2.75±0.24bc
	间作 Intercropping	PD1	6.08±0.32b	2.38±0.34b	8.46±0.62b	2.55±0.47c
		PD2	6.69±0.34ab	2.88±0.51ab	9.57±0.41ab	2.32±0.27d
		PD3	6.98±0.31a	3.02±0.20a	10±0.22a	2.31±0.34d
F-value	密度 PD		520.43**	174.84**	730.86**	458.24**
	种植模式 PP		2412.71**	935.43**	4132.46**	1543.26**
	密度×种植模式 PD×PP		60.63**	8.23*	65.48**	43.27**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		株高 PH (cm)	茎粗 SD (mm)	抗折力 SBF (N)	主茎干重 SW (g)	叶干重 LW (g)	茎叶比 S : L
2019	单作 Monocropping	PD1	41.17±1.74d	7.61±0.13a	119.95±5.99a	5.68±0.38a	15.87±0.98a	0.35±0.08d
		PD2	43.16±1.90cd	7.47±0.14a	106.24±5.47b	5.35±0.44ab	11.55±0.69ab	0.47±0.04cd
		PD3	45.02±0.98c	6.94±0.25ab	75.48±3.84c	4.74±0.54b	9.14±0.58c	0.52±0.02c
	间作 Intercropping	PD1	58.30±3.25bc	6.05±0.14b	71.72±4.22c	3.74±0.54c	6.81±0.98d	0.55±0.07b
		PD2	62.16±1.03b	5.86±0.32c	63.47±4.85d	3.26±0.22cd	4.85±0.78de	0.67±3.98ab
		PD3	68.02±3.83a	5.56±0.19d	51.34±2.68e	2.57±0.14d	3.625±0.46f	0.71±0.04a
F-value	密度 PD		99.05**	35.00**	120.82**	110.35**	61.90**	70.92**
	种植模式 PP		2609.56**	252.43**	640.95**	1427.39**	470.44**	267.70**
	密度×种植模式 PD×PP		30.46**	10.47*	18.50*	2.70*	14.85**	11.90*
2020	单作 Monocropping	PD1	43.25±0.65d	7.54±0.23a	108.54±6.84a	5.48±0.34a	16.11±1.24a	0.34±0.04c
		PD2	44.58±1.21cd	7.28±0.35ab	100.22±4.35b	5.22±0.25ab	11.34.62±1.15b	0.46±0.03c
		PD3	45.89±1.54c	6.87±0.65b	80.65±4.28c	4.73±0.38c	8.18±0.68c	0.58±0.04c
	间作 Intercropping	PD1	60.21±1.33b	5.24±0.65c	68.24±3.24d	3.89±0.24d	5.89±0.24d	0.66±0.02b
		PD2	63.98±2.14b	4.89±0.78d	54.23±2.46e	3.41±0.32de	4.94±0.33de	0.69±0.08b
		PD3	70.21±2.54a	4.48±0.27e	48.55±3.21f	3.10±0.25e	4.31±0.25e	0.72±0.03a
F-value	密度 PD		85.14**	116.78**	186.36**	194.57**	1948.71**	44.98**
	种植模式 PP		586.14**	3716.01**	1680.14**	2995.40**	309.78**	287.89**
	密度×种植模式 PD×PP		28.34**	3.98*	5.79*	4.99*	133.52**	10.18*

Effects of Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Stem Lodging Resistance of Soybean in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System

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