Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (19): 4084-4096.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.005

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Stem Lodging Resistance of Soybean in Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping System

CHENG Bin1,2(),LIU WeiGuo1(),WANG Li1,XU Mei1,QIN SiSi1,LU JunJi1,GAO Yang1,LI ShuXian1,Ali RAZA1,ZHANG Yi1,Irshan AHMAD1,JING ShuZhong2,LIU RanJin2,YANG WenYu1   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130
    2Chengdu Da Mei Seeds Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066
  • Received:2020-11-23 Accepted:2021-04-28 Online:2021-10-01 Published:2021-10-12
  • Contact: WeiGuo LIU E-mail:2459894545@qq.com;lwgsy@126.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to reveal the light environment change law of soybean canopy under different planting densities in maize-soybean strip intercropping, and to clarify the effects of density on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, yield and stem lodging resistance of soybean, so as to provide the theoretical reference for the construction of reasonable population density of intercropped soybean in low radiation area. 【Method】In this study, soybean genotype of Chuandou-16 and maize genotype of Zhenghong-505 were used as experimental materials. The two-factor random expulsion design was adopted, among which maize-soybean strip intercropping and monocropping were the main factors, and three planting densities of soybean (PD1 = 17 plants/m2, PD2 = 20 plants/m2, PD3 = 25 plants/m2) were the secondary factors. Effects of planting density on light environment of canopy, photosynthetic characteristics, growth dynamics, lodging percentage and yield composition of soybean were investigated. 【Result】Two-year data showed that the growth of soybean was affected by the shading of maize and self-shade at the middle and later stages in the maize-soybean strip intercropping system. The photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) in the canopy of the plant population, leaf area index (LAI), leaf photosynthetic capacity, number of branches and yield were significantly decreased, while the degree of being affected by maize varied with soybean planting densities. In the strip intercropping, compared with PD3, the PAR in soybean population canopy of PD1 and PD2 increased by 45.4% and 24.8% respectively, the Pn of leaves increased by 46.1% and 12.3%, respectively, the Ep increased by 53.2% and 27.2%, respectively, the Bn increased by 270.4% and 140.9%, respectively, and the lodging percentage decreased by 50.3% and 19.3%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that lodging percentage was significantly negatively correlated with the PAR, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stem bending force (SBF), dry weight of stem / leaf ratio (S﹕L), number of branches per plant (Bn) and number of effective pods per plant (Ep), and positively correlated with plant height (PH), LAI and number of ineffective pods per plant (nEp). 【Conclusion】Therefore, in the maize-soybean strip intercropping, the appropriate planting density (20 plants/m2) was beneficial to create a better light environment of soybean population, reduce the lodging percentage, increase the accumulation of photosynthates, and thus improve the yield of soybean.

Key words: LAI, PAR, maize-soybean strip intercropping, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

Fig. 1

The climate changes from April to August in 2019 and 2020"

Fig. 2

The pattern of maize-soybean strip intercropping and monocropping"

Fig. 3

The changes of canopy parameters of soybean populations with different planting densities over time in 2019-2020 *, ** and ns indicated the significant level of LAI and PAR under PD and PP (P<0.05, P<0.01和P≥0.05)"

Fig. 4

Effects of different planting densities on photosynthetic parameters of soybean leaves at R1 in 2019-2020 The density of scattered spots represented the difference between two-year repeated trials. *, ** and *** indicated significant difference among different planting densities and different planting patterns at P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively. The same as below"

Table 1

Effects of planting densities on chlorophyll content of soybean leaves"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 叶绿素含量 Content (mg·g-1) Chl(a/b)
Chla Chlb Chl(a+b)
2019 单作
Monocropping		 PD1 4.11±0.11f 1.32±0.03e 5.43±0.14e 3.11±0.14a
PD2 4.81±0.14e 1.63±0.06d 6.44±0.17d 2.95±0.21b
PD3 5.68±0.08d 1.98±0.08cd 7.66±0.25cd 2.86±0.17b
间作
Intercropping		 PD1 5.91±0.17c 2.08±0.05c 7.99±0.31c 2.84±0.23bc
PD2 6.56±0.27b 2.48±0.12b 9.04±0.28b 2.64±0.16c
PD3 6.80±0.32a 3.04±0.08a 9.84±0.24a 2.23±0.18d
F-value 密度 PD 238.03** 392.30** 213.16** 575.71**
种植模式 PP 1168.70** 1543.48** 982.83** 1631.41**
密度×种植模式 PD×PP 23.03** 19.78** 9.41** 125.41**
2020 单作
Monocropping		 PD1 3.84±0.21e 1.18±0.18e 5.02±0.25e 3.24±0.28a
PD2 4.96±0.45d 1.72±0.22d 6.68±0.14d 2.87±0.65b
PD3 5.74±0.29c 2.08±0.32c 7.82±0.27c 2.75±0.24bc
间作
Intercropping		 PD1 6.08±0.32b 2.38±0.34b 8.46±0.62b 2.55±0.47c
PD2 6.69±0.34ab 2.88±0.51ab 9.57±0.41ab 2.32±0.27d
PD3 6.98±0.31a 3.02±0.20a 10±0.22a 2.31±0.34d
F-value 密度 PD 520.43** 174.84** 730.86** 458.24**
种植模式 PP 2412.71** 935.43** 4132.46** 1543.26**
密度×种植模式 PD×PP 60.63** 8.23* 65.48** 43.27**

Fig. 5

The variation of field lodging percentage of soybean with time under maize-soybean strip intercropping in 2019-2020 The results were expressed by mean ± standard deviation, and different lowercase letters in the figure indicated that there were significant differences among treatments at P<0.05"

Table 2

Effects of planting densities on agronomic characters of soybean plants"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 株高
PH (cm)		 茎粗
SD (mm)		 抗折力
SBF (N)		 主茎干重
SW (g)		 叶干重
LW (g)		 茎叶比
S : L
2019 单作
Monocropping		 PD1 41.17±1.74d 7.61±0.13a 119.95±5.99a 5.68±0.38a 15.87±0.98a 0.35±0.08d
PD2 43.16±1.90cd 7.47±0.14a 106.24±5.47b 5.35±0.44ab 11.55±0.69ab 0.47±0.04cd
PD3 45.02±0.98c 6.94±0.25ab 75.48±3.84c 4.74±0.54b 9.14±0.58c 0.52±0.02c
间作
Intercropping		 PD1 58.30±3.25bc 6.05±0.14b 71.72±4.22c 3.74±0.54c 6.81±0.98d 0.55±0.07b
PD2 62.16±1.03b 5.86±0.32c 63.47±4.85d 3.26±0.22cd 4.85±0.78de 0.67±3.98ab
PD3 68.02±3.83a 5.56±0.19d 51.34±2.68e 2.57±0.14d 3.625±0.46f 0.71±0.04a
F-value 密度 PD 99.05** 35.00** 120.82** 110.35** 61.90** 70.92**
种植模式 PP 2609.56** 252.43** 640.95** 1427.39** 470.44** 267.70**
密度×种植模式 PD×PP 30.46** 10.47* 18.50* 2.70* 14.85** 11.90*
2020 单作
Monocropping		 PD1 43.25±0.65d 7.54±0.23a 108.54±6.84a 5.48±0.34a 16.11±1.24a 0.34±0.04c
PD2 44.58±1.21cd 7.28±0.35ab 100.22±4.35b 5.22±0.25ab 11.34.62±1.15b 0.46±0.03c
PD3 45.89±1.54c 6.87±0.65b 80.65±4.28c 4.73±0.38c 8.18±0.68c 0.58±0.04c
间作
Intercropping		 PD1 60.21±1.33b 5.24±0.65c 68.24±3.24d 3.89±0.24d 5.89±0.24d 0.66±0.02b
PD2 63.98±2.14b 4.89±0.78d 54.23±2.46e 3.41±0.32de 4.94±0.33de 0.69±0.08b
PD3 70.21±2.54a 4.48±0.27e 48.55±3.21f 3.10±0.25e 4.31±0.25e 0.72±0.03a
F-value 密度 PD 85.14** 116.78** 186.36** 194.57** 1948.71** 44.98**
种植模式 PP 586.14** 3716.01** 1680.14** 2995.40** 309.78** 287.89**
密度×种植模式 PD×PP 28.34** 3.98* 5.79* 4.99* 133.52** 10.18*

Fig. 6

Effects of planting densities on soybean yield and yield components in 2019-2020"

Fig. 7

Correlation analysis diagram The difference between lodging percentage (Lr) and plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), stem / leaf ratio (S﹕L), stem bending force (SBF), leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), dry weight of main stem (Sw), leaf dry weight (Lw), number of branches per plant (Bn), number of effective pods per plant (Ep) and number of ineffective pods per plant (nEp) at P<0.05"

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