氮密调控对两个冬小麦品种碳氮代谢及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer, plant density and its interaction on carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and grain yield of winter wheat in moist clayey soil of southeastern Henan province, and to clarify the appropriate nitrogen-density treatment for winter wheat in this area, so as to provide the technical support for optimizing high yield and high efficiency cultivation of winter wheat in this area. 【Method】The treatments included two varieties (Xinhua 818 with medium tiller ability and high heading rate and Bainong 207 with high tiller ability and medium heading rate), three nitrogen rates (N0, 0; N240, 240 kg·hm^-2; N360, 360 kg·hm^-2) and three plant densities (M1, 225×10⁴ plant/hm²; M2, 375×10⁴ plant/hm²; M3, 525×10⁴ plant/hm²) during two consecutive winter wheat growing seasons from 2018 to 2020 in moist clayey soil of southeastern Henan province. The differences of carbon metabolism (soluble sugar content; SPS activity; SS activity), nitrogen metabolism (soluble protein content; NR activity; GS activity) and yield under three-factor treatments were analyzed. 【Result】Variety, nitrogen fertilizer and density and their interactions significantly affected the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of winter wheat, and nitrogen fertilizer was the main effect that affected the yield and its components of the two winter wheat varieties. The effects of nitrogen application amount and planting density on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the two winter wheat varieties in different growth stages were different. On the whole, the advantage of nitrogen-density regulation on carbon metabolism of the two winter wheat was mainly in the late filling stage, while the advantage on nitrogen metabolism was mainly in the middle stage of filling, during which the average increase of carbon and nitrogen metabolism indexes under M2N240 was 358.28% compared with the minimum treatment. The balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism had a greater impact on the yield formation of winter wheat varieties with different tiller heading rates, especially in the late growth stage, which was the main physiological reason that the yield of Xinhua 818 was higher than that of Bainong 207 as a whole. In the winter wheat growing season from 2018 to 2020, the yield under treatment of M2N240 was the highest. Compared with the M1N0 treatment with the lowest yield, the average yield increases in two years under M2N240 were 96.49%. 【Conclusion】Considering the effects of variety, nitrogen fertilizer, density and their interactions on the balance of carbon-nitrogen metabolism and yield of winter wheat, the advantages of nitrogen application and planting density on the carbon-nitrogen metabolism of two winter wheat varieties were mainly reflected in the middle and late stages of filling. The M2N240 combination treatment could be used as a suitable nitrogen-density cultivation mode for winter wheat in the moist clayey soil area of southeast Henan province.

Key words: winter wheat, nitrogen application rate, plant density, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, yield

WANG JinFeng,WANG ZhuangZhuang,GU FengXu,MOU HaiMeng,WANG Yu,DUAN JianZhao,FENG Wei,WANG YongHua,GUO TianCai. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Carbon Metabolism, Nitrogen Metabolism and Grain Yield of Two Winter Wheat Varieties[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4070-4083.

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Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Analysis of variance of carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and yield components in winter wheat under variety, plant density and N rate"

指标 Item	时期 Time	2018―2019							2019―2020							年份 Year
指标 Item	时期 Time	品种 V	密度 D	氮肥 N	品种× 密度 V×D	品种× 氮肥 V×N	密度× 氮肥 D× N	品种×密度×氮肥 V×D× N	品种 V	密度 D	氮肥 N	品种× 密度 V×D	品种× 氮肥 V×N	密度× 氮肥 D× N	品种×密度×氮肥 V×D× N	年份 Year
可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	-X	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS
	0	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS
	10	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS
	20	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	30	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
SPS 酶活性 SPS activity	-X	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	0	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	10	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	20	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	30	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
SS 酶活性 SS activity	-X	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	0	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	10	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	20	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	30	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
可溶性蛋白质含量 Soluble protein content	-X	***	NS	***	***	***	***	***	***	**	***	***	***	**	***	**
	0	***	***	***	***	***	NS	NS	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	10	***	***	***	**	***	NS	NS	***	***	***	***	***	NS	***	***
	20	***	***	***	*	***	**	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS
	30	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
NR 酶活性 NR activity	-X	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS
	0	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS
	10	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	20	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS	***	***	**
	30	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
GS 酶活性 GS activity	-X	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	0	**	***	***	***	***	**	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
	10	NS	***	***	***	***	***	*	***	***	***	***	NS	***	***	***
	20	***	***	***	***	NS	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	**	***	***
	30	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	*	***	***	***	***	***	***	NS
穗数 Spike number		***	***	***	NS	NS	NS	NS	***	***	***	NS	**	***	NS	***
穗粒数 Grain per spike		***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	*	***	*	***
千粒重 1000-grain weight		***	NS	***	*	***	*	NS	***	***	***	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
产量Yield		***	*	***	NS	***	**	NS	***	NS	***	NS	***	***	NS	***

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	土层 Soil layers (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline N (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	pH
2018-2019	鑫华麦818 Xinhua 818	0-20	17.82	1.27	102.97	263.67	4.17	8.19
	鑫华麦818 Xinhua 818	20-40	9.44	0.86	78.64	192.44	2.99	8.31
	百农207 Bainong 207	0-20	16.54	1.21	102.47	299.47	3.90	8.12
	百农207 Bainong 207	20-40	13.98	1.13	88.04	246.16	3.34	8.21
2019-2020	鑫华麦818 Xinhua 818	0-20	17.60	1.17	94.38	157.92	6.49	8.16
	鑫华麦818 Xinhua 818	20-40	7.97	0.75	74.39	112.95	3.50	8.24
	百农207 Bainong 207	0-20	17.78	1.16	96.52	211.90	6.13	8.07
	百农207 Bainong 207	20-40	8.54	0.89	76.96	156.68	3.77	8.16

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	2018―2019				2019―2020
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain per spike	千粒重 1000 grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	穗数 Spike number (10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain per spike	千粒重 1000 grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
A	M1N0	555.84c	36.44bc	51.37ab	8293.81c	370.29e	32.01d	51.70a	4504.86d
	M1N240	632.50ab	41.22a	48.76de	8726.52abc	548.36abc	36.74b	51.06ab	8439.39bc
	M1N360	596.67bc	39.71a	47.99e	8864.79ab	515.69d	35.42c	50.21ab	9283.47a
	M2N0	613.06ab	29.19e	51.23ab	8457.85bc	514.19d	14.52h	49.89ab	4581.60d
	M2N240	633.61ab	39.55a	49.11cde	9074.18a	561.19ab	42.90a	48.97abc	9109.38ab
	M2N360	620.84ab	34.24cd	49.90bcd	8725.23abc	540.19bcd	29.04e	48.46bc	7986.07c
	M3N0	626.67ab	32.58d	51.54a	8482.79bc	532.03cd	19.03g	48.49bc	5077.76d
	M3N240	657.50a	36.54b	50.65abc	8859.89ab	573.25a	29.26e	46.34cd	8666.20abc
	M3N360	657.50a	34.89bc	49.39cde	8463.66bc	552.36abc	27.17f	44.90d	7944.19c
B	M1N0	502.22c	40.41c	47.60a	6717.02e	306.27d	41.90ab	49.11a	2626.90d
	M1N240	541.95abc	43.80b	44.22b	8109.46c	526.28ab	42.70ab	46.02bc	7934.59b
	M1N360	517.50bc	40.14c	41.51c	8226.00abc	513.78b	42.70ab	41.94e	9195.11a
	M2N0	510.00bc	34.36d	48.35a	7177.87d	440.02c	18.70c	46.96ab	2826.41d
	M2N240	585.28a	46.57a	41.33c	8603.76a	538.78ab	45.80a	44.89bcd	9095.41a
	M2N360	539.17abc	46.41a	41.94c	8322.05abc	521.28ab	42.50ab	43.06de	7661.80bc
	M3N0	526.67bc	30.48e	47.72a	7410.25d	517.53ab	22.40c	46.85ab	3412.01d
	M3N240	588.61a	42.06bc	42.61c	8513.11ab	550.03a	39.30ab	45.95bc	8632.98ab
	M3N360	561.67ab	39.72c	41.13c	8147.44bc	546.28ab	38.30b	43.86cde	6904.84c

指标 Item	品种Variety	时期Time	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	SPS酶活性 SPS activity	SS酶活性 SS activity	可溶性蛋白质含量 Soluble protein content	NR酶活性 NR activity	GS酶活性 GS activity
穗数 Spike number	A	-X	-0.34*	0.31*	0.45**	0.46**	0.26	0.48**
		0	0.57**	0.51**	0.48**	0.59**	0.40**	0.67**
		10	0.76**	0.75**	0.77**	0.70**	-0.15	0.60**
		20	-0.01	0.58**	0.56**	0.20	0.15	0.60**
		30	0.73**	0.74**	0.75**	0.79**	-0.03	0.40**
	B	-X	-0.24	0.11	0.20	0.83**	0.40**	0.73**
		0	-0.60**	-0.21	0.01	0.68**	0.45**	0.69**
		10	-0.47**	0.02	0.14	0.73**	0.10	0.67**
		20	-0.58**	0.08	-0.02	0.76**	0.21	0.47**
		30	0.31*	0.43**	0.45**	0.59**	0.11	0.30*
穗粒数 Grain per spike	A	-X	-0.09	0.36**	0.36**	0.19	0.04	0.22
		0	0.07	0.27*	0.35*	0.04	0.10	0.42**
		10	0.15	0.39**	0.40**	0.33*	-0.08	0.28*
		20	0.04	0.07	0.00	0.01	-0.05	0.36**
		30	0.50**	0.41**	0.42**	0.45**	-0.24	-0.01
	B	-X	0.16	0.14	0.14	0.05	-0.03	0.05
		0	0.03	0.08	0.09	0.14	-0.04	0.02
		10	-0.08	0.05	0.06	0.21	-0.09	0.04
		20	-0.14	0.00	-0.02	-0.03	-0.24	-0.01
		30	-0.03	0.06	0.06	0.22	-0.26	0.10
千粒重 1000 grain weight	A	-X	0.04	0.39**	0.40**	-0.19	-0.22	-0.14
		0	-0.10	0.30*	0.35**	-0.31*	-0.25	0.05
		10	-0.36**	0.04	0.10	-0.16	-0.30*	0.09
		20	-0.27*	-0.26	-0.25	-0.36**	-0.21	0.00
		30	0.18	0.20	0.18	0.07	-0.48**	-0.12
	B	-X	0.62**	0.30*	0.18	-0.56**	-0.32*	-0.46**
		0	0.70**	0.54**	0.30*	-0.59**	-0.28*	-0.44**
		10	0.85**	0.34*	0.16	-0.63**	-0.33*	-0.47**
		20	0.68**	0.31*	0.39**	-0.60**	-0.19	-0.48**
		30	-0.40**	-0.44**	-0.44**	-0.56**	-0.14	-0.22

品种 Variety	时期 Time	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	SPS酶活性 SPS activity	SS酶活性 SS activity	可溶性蛋白质含量 Soluble protein content	NR酶活性 NR activity	GS酶活性 GS activity
A	-X	-0.68**	-0.04	0.14	0.78**	0.60**	0.46**
	0	0.02	0.21	0.22	0.63**	0.72**	0.71**
	10	0.50**	0.49**	0.50**	0.69**	0.28*	0.63**
	20	0.35**	0.56**	0.49**	0.45**	0.45**	0.69**
	30	0.54**	0.53**	0.55**	0.62**	0.33*	0.30*
B	-X	-0.55**	-0.03	0.05	0.78**	0.50**	0.68**
	0	-0.67**	-0.35*	-0.10	0.68**	0.59**	0.63**
	10	-0.51**	0.02	0.14	0.59**	0.36**	0.60**
	20	-0.59**	0.02	-0.07	0.74**	0.40**	0.57**
	30	0.41**	0.44**	0.44**	0.53**	0.36**	0.29*

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Carbon Metabolism, Nitrogen Metabolism and Grain Yield of Two Winter Wheat Varieties

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