Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (16): 3317-3326.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.16.014

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Assessment of Salt Tolerance and Screening of Salt Tolerant Germplasm in Sorghum Seedling Stage

MENG ZiNuo(), FU ChangQing(), ZHANG LingYu, GAO ShunJuan, CHANG JinHua*(), CUI JiangHui*()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, Hebei
  • Received:2025-02-22 Accepted:2025-04-07 Online:2025-08-11 Published:2025-08-11
  • Contact: CHANG JinHua, CUI JiangHui

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Abstract:

【Objective】To screen salt-tolerant sorghum germplasm resources and identify the key indicators for evaluating sorghum salt tolerance, so as to provide a scientific basis for the subsequent research on salt-tolerant germplasm and the stress-resistant cultivation of sorghum in saline soils. 【Method】Using 160 domestic sorghum varieties (lines) and 25 foreign varieties (lines), totaling 185 sorghum varieties (lines) from different countries and regions as experimental materials, the relative values of 9 trait indicators (germination potential, germination rate, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, root length, root dry weight, root fresh weight, and number of lateral roots) were analyzed under 150 mmol·L-1NaCl solution treatment with vermiculite as the substrate. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and subordinate function method were employed to screen salt-tolerant germplasm resources. Piecewise linear regression and multiple stepwise linear regression were used to identify key indicators determining sorghum salt tolerance at the seedling stage and conduct comprehensive evaluation.【Result】Under salt stress conditions, the 9 trait indicators of sorghum at the seedling stage showed varying degrees of variation. Among them, seedling dry weight exhibited the most significant variation, while lateral root number was least affected. Correlation analysis revealed diverse relationships among the traits: Relative germination rate showed negative correlations with relative seedling length and relative lateral root number, whereas all other traits displayed positive correlations. The highest correlation coefficient (0.54) was observed between relative seedling length and relative root length. Through principal component analysis (PCA), the 9 traits were reduced to 4 comprehensive indicators, accounting for 72.10% of the cumulative variance. The subordinate function method was applied to calculate the comprehensive D values for all 185 varieties. Cluster analysis using the hclust function in R categorized the sorghum accessions into four salt-tolerance groups: highly salt-tolerant, salt-tolerant, moderately salt-tolerant, and salt-sensitive. Taking the comprehensive D value as the dependent variable and the other 9 indicators as independent variables, piecewise linear regression models were constructed, showing positive trends between all traits and D values. A multiple stepwise linear regression equation was further established: F=0.25RGR+0.255RSL+0.377RGP+0.283RSFW, (R2=0.894, P<0.01).【Conclusion】Thus, the germination potential, germination rate, seedling length and seedling weight were the key indicators for screening sorghum salt tolerant varieties in 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl environment. Among the high salt tolerance varieties, sweet 319, Xin 52, MY 2, sweet 11, Sudan 1-2, and sensitive salt varieties S29241, N2902, 6-5A, IS-3977, 90111 were selected.

Key words: sorghum, salt tolerance germplasm resources, key indicators, salt tolerance evaluation, equation of linear regression

Fig. 1

Boxplot of relative values of 9 traits of 185 sorghum varieties (lines) under salt stress RGP: Relative germination potential; RGR: Relative germination rate; RSL: Relative seedling length; RRL: Relative root length; RNOLR: Relative number of lateral roots; RSFW: Relative seedling fresh weight; RSDW: Relative seedling dry weight; RRFW: Relative root fresh weight; RRDW: Relative root dry weight. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Correlation analysis of 9 indicators under salt stress * and ** indicate a significant and highly significant correlation at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively"

Table 1

Characteristic values and contribution rates of 9 characters of 185 sorghum germplasm"

特征向量
Eigenvectors		 主成分Principal component
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
相对发芽势RGP 0.090 0.788 0.188 0.328
相对发芽率RGR 0.173 0.869 0.021 -0.037
相对苗长RSL 0.701 -0.259 0.482 -0.078
相对根长RRL 0.574 0.004 0.489 -0.504
相对侧根数RNOLR 0.176 -0.367 0.326 0.770
相对苗鲜重RSFW 0.846 0.029 -0.078 0.021
相对苗干重RSDW 0.646 -0.092 -0.393 0.079
相对根鲜重RRFW 0.668 0.168 -0.144 0.22
相对根干重RRDW 0.476 -0.113 -0.591 -0.064
特征值Eigen value 2.695 1.628 1.145 1.021
贡献率Contribution (%) 29.945 18.090 12.719 11.350
累积贡献率Cumulative contribution (%) 29.945 48.035 60.755 72.104
综合指标权重Wi (%) 41.5 25.1 17.7 15.7

Fig. 3

Clustering plot of salt tolerance in 185 sorghum shoots The numbers in the figure are the numbers of the tested varieties, and the corresponding varieties are shown in Supplementary Table 1"

Table 2

Comprehensive D values and each trait index were analyzed to piecewise linear regression analysis"

自变量 Independent variable 第1段函数 First segment function 第2段函数 Second segment function 分界点 Demarcation point
相对苗长RSL y=0.25+0.53x 0.42
相对根长RRL y=0.55-0.41x y=0.31+0.73x 0.31
相对侧根数RNOLR y=0.25+0.48x 0.61
相对苗鲜重RSFW y=0.29+0.48x 0.70
相对根鲜重RRFW y=0.38+0.36x 0.56
相对发芽势RGP y=0.31+0.35x y=0.12+0.65x 0.64
相对苗干重RSDW y=0.33+0.39x 0.62
相对根干重RRDW y=0.47+0.14x 0.59
相对发芽率RGR y=0.37+0.29x y=0.45+0.17x 0.54

Fig. 4

Sectional linear regression plot of integrated D values and other trait indicators"

Table 3

Relevant data for multiple linear stepwise regression"

最优回归方程Optimal regression equation 相关系数R 判定系数R2 显著性<BOLD>C</BOLD>onspicuousness Durbin-Watson
F=0.25RGR+0.255RSL+0.377RGP+0.283RSFW 0.946 0.894 <0.01 1.902
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