粒用高粱幼苗期耐苏打盐碱综合评价与指标鉴选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was conducted to screen the concentration of soda saline-alkali stress solution and the determination index of saline-alkali tolerance, to establish the identification method of saline-alkali tolerance to large-scale identification of sorghum germplasms. The saline-alkali tolerance of the core germplasms of grain sorghum were comprehensively evaluated, and the saline-alkali tolerant germplasms were identified and selected to provide a germplasm basis for further breeding of saline-alkali tolerant parents and hybrids.【Method】The main components of saline-alkali soil of in The Songnen Plain are Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃. This experiment used 50 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃﹕Na₂CO₃=9﹕1 as a stress solution to simulate the moderate saline-alkali environment in Songnen Plain, the pH is 9.19, Salinity is 0.21%. Eight traits, including seedling height, root length, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, seeding dry weight, root dry weight, root-shoot ratio fresh weight and root-shoot ratio dry weight were used as measurement indexes and the saline-alkali tolerance characteristics of 285 sorghum core germplasms at seedling stage were identified. Principal component analysis was used to screen the salt-alkali tolerance identification indexes of grain sorghum at seedling stage and establish a mathematical model for salt-alkali tolerance evaluation at seedling stage. The saline-alkaline tolerance of 285 sorghum germplasms was classified by cluster analysis, and the germplasms with strong saline-alkaline tolerance were screened.【Result】50 mmol·L^-1saline-alkali stress showed inhibitory effects on 8 indexes of 285 sorghum germplasms, the average values of saline -alkali resistance coefficients are 0.794, 0.785, 0.565, 0.554, 0.802, 0.638, 0.978, and 0.841.Under saline alkali stress, 8 indexes showed significant positive correlations; the seedling height and root fresh weight could be used as the indexes for the identification and evaluation of soda saline-alkali stress in sorghum seedling stage by principal component analysis; The evaluation model of saline-alkali tolerance characteristics of sorghum seedlings was summarized by multiple linear regression analysis Y=0.097X4+0.171X2+0.201X6+0.157X1+0.105X3- 0.147, it can be used for comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators. 285 grain sorghum core collections were divided into 5 grades by cluster analysis, strong saline-alkali tolerance, saline-alkali tolerance, intermediate type, sensitive type and extremely sensitive type, Among them, there were 8 strong salt-tolerant germplasms, 8 salt-tolerant germplasms, 112 intermediate germplasms, 134 sensitive germplasms and 23 extremely sensitive germplasms. The saline-alkali tolerant germplasm and extremely sensitive germplasm were planted in the moderate saline-alkali soil (pH 8.5-9.5, Salinity 0.3%) for verification in Zhenlai County of western Jilin Province. The average seedling emergence rate of strong saline-alkali tolerant germplasm was 45.4%, and the average seedling height was 23 cm. The average seedling emergence rate of salt-tolerant germplasm was 31.3%, and the average height was 20.9 cm. The average emergence rate of extremely sensitive germplasm was 20%, and the average seedling height was 12.3 cm.【Conclusion】8 strong soda saline-alkali tolerant germplasms and 8 saline-alkali tolerant germplasms were screened out from 285 sorghum germplasms resources with 50 mmol·L^-1 soda saline-alkali concentration (NaHCO₃﹕Na2CO₃=9﹕1). The seedling height and root fresh weight could be used as the preferred evaluation indexes for the identification of saline-alkali tolerance at seedling stage.

Key words: soda saline alkali soil, sorghum, seedling stage, salt alkali resistance, comprehensive evaluation

QIAO ZhengYan, YU Miao, TANG YuJie, SHI GuiShan, LIU XinYu, LIU XiaoHan, WANG XinDing, LI Yang, WANG Nai, CHEN BingRu. Comprehensive Evaluation for Soda Salinity and Alkalinity in Sorghum Seedling Stage and Selection of Indicators[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 30-42.

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Na⁺浓度 Na⁺ concentration (mmol·L^-1)	pH	电导率 TDS (ms·cm^-1)	盐度Salinity (%)
0(CK)	7.18	0.33	0.00
25	9.15	2.21	0.11
50	9.19	4.04	0.21
75	9.33	5.80	0.31
100	9.21	7.49	0.40
150	9.29	10.63	0.58
200	9.27	17.75	1.01

序号 No.	性状 Traits	测定方法 Measurement method
1	苗高SH (cm)	用直尺测量最长叶片顶部到茎基部的距离 Measure the distance from the top of the longest leaf to the base of the stem with a ruler
2	根长RL (cm)	用直尺测量籽粒节点到主根根尖的距离 Measure the distance from the grain node to the root tip of the main root using a ruler
3	苗鲜重SFW (g)	用分析天平称量籽粒节点以上整个株苗的重量 Weigh the entire seedling above the grain node using an analytical balance
4	根鲜重RFW (g)	用分析天平称量籽粒节点以下整个根部的重量 Weigh the entire root below the grain node using an analytical balance
5	苗干重SDW (g)	测完鲜重的株苗于烘箱烘干，用分析天平称量干重 After measuring the fresh weight of the seedlings, dry them in an oven and weigh the dry weight using an analytical balance
6	根干重RDW (g)	测完鲜重的根部于烘箱烘干，用分析天平称量干重 After measuring the fresh weight of the roots, dry them in an oven and weigh the dry weight using an analytical balance
7	根冠比鲜重RSFW	根鲜重与苗鲜重的比值 Ratio of root fresh weight to seedling fresh weight
8	根冠比干重RSDW	根干重与苗干重的比值 Ratio of root dry weight to seedling dry weight

性状 Traits	最小值 Min	中位数 Median	最大值 Max	平均数 Mean	标准差 SD	偏度 Skew	峰度 Kurt	变异系数 CV (%)
苗高SH (cm)	0.340	0.798	1.411	0.794	0.144	0.350	1.202	18.17
根长RL (cm)	0.382	0.763	1.454	0.785	0.194	0.572	0.452	24.73
苗鲜重SFW (g)	0.096	0.536	1.581	0.565	0.211	0.819	1.742	37.36
根鲜重RFW (g)	0.102	0.521	1.573	0.554	0.264	0.882	1.035	47.75
苗干重SDW (g)	0.102	0.790	1.768	0.802	0.217	0.512	2.373	26.99
根干重RDW (g)	0.093	0.632	1.398	0.638	0.245	0.488	-0.053	38.43
根冠比鲜重RSFW	0.273	0.927	3.716	0.978	0.576	1.899	4.494	54.52
根冠比干重RSDW	0.117	0.753	3.740	0.841	0.404	2.607	12.482	48.04

指标 <BOLD>T</BOLD>raits	主成分Principal component
指标 <BOLD>T</BOLD>raits	PC1	PC2
苗高SH	0.813	-0.265
根长RL	0.654	0.094
苗鲜重SFW	0.686	-0.595
根鲜重RFW	0.935	0.101
苗干重SDW	0.662	-0.609
根干重RDW	0.869	0.266
根冠比鲜重RSFW	0.441	0.728
根冠比干重RSDW	0.420	0.759
特征值Eigen value	3.998	1.992
贡献率Contribution (%)	49.976	24.901
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution (%)	49.976	74.877

多元回归方程 Multiple regression equation	相关系数 r	判定系数 R²	F值 F value	P值 P value
Y=0.433X4+0.106	0.908	0.825	776.288	≤0.001
Y=0.357X4+0.203X2-0.005	0.948	0.900	734.972	≤0.001
Y=0.211X4+0.194X2+0.184X6-0.037	0.971	0.943	899.738	≤0.001
Y=0.127X4+0.157X2+0.193X6+0.232X1-0.146	0.991	0.983	2345.029	≤0.001
Y=0.097X4+0.171X2+0.201X6+0.157X1+0.105X3-0.147	0.998	0.996	7601.871	≤0.001

Comprehensive Evaluation for Soda Salinity and Alkalinity in Sorghum Seedling Stage and Selection of Indicators

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