早熟矮秆高粱不育系P03A生育期和株高性状的遗传分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.14.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to identify the genetic effect of early-maturing and dwarf traits on sorghum male-sterile line P03A, here we, provide a theoretical basis for sorghum early-maturing and dwarf breeding improvement by genetic analysis on growth period and plant height. 【Method】In 2016, sorghum male-sterile line P03A,L025A, L080A, L081 and P02A were used as female parent lines, and restoring line L242, L2381, LNK1, L280, L237, and L298 were used as male parent lines the F₁ hybrid seeds were obtained by NCⅡ crossing method. And in the winter of 2016, F₂ seeds were harvested from F₁ selfing plantlets in Hainan province. During 2017-2018, Combining ability analysis on growth period and plant height traits were performed, together with 4 generation conjoint analysis from hybrid F₁ and F₂ population using mixed major gene plus poly-gene inheritance model. P03A and L237 were selected as female and male parent respectively. 【Result】 Hybrid combination P03A/L237 show the characters of short growth period and short plant height through interaction of the 2 parent lines. P03A contribute to shortening the growth period and plant height in hybrid. Compared with the rest 4 sterile lines, the hybrid combinations with P03A show shorter growth period and plant height, and heritability on the 2 traits was identified. 4-generation analysis of P03A/L237 on growth period and plant height were performed using major gene plus poly-gene inheritance model, which indicate that growth period and plant height traits were both controlled by two major genes with additive-dominate-epistatic effects and poly-genes. Analysis result of growth period suggest that additive effect is higher than epistatic and dominate effects. Heritability of major genes is 81.13%, and heritability of poly-genes is 10.36% respectively. 91.49% phenotypic variation is conducted by major genes plus poly-genes, and 8.51% phenotypic variation is conducted by environmental factors. Analysis of plant height indicate that additive effects and dominant effects of the first major gene are all stronger than the second major gene, and the dominant effect is much more important. Heritability of major genes and poly-genes is 84.80%, and 6.89% respectively. 8.31% phenotypic variation is conducted by environmental factors. 【Conclusion】Genetic effects of growth period and plant height of sorghum sterile line P03A were analyzed in this study. It was identified that the heritability of the two traits mentioned above are relatively high, not easily affected by environmental factors, and with stable hereditary characters. Thus, P03A can be utilized due to its early maturing and dwarf genes in sorghum hybrid breeding, which can meet the requirement of sorghum mechanized production.

Key words: early maturity, dwarf, sorghum, genetic analysis

DUAN YouHou,LU Feng. Genetic Analysis on Growth Period and Plant Height Traits of Early-maturing Dwarf Sorghum Male-Sterile Line P03A[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(14): 2828-2839.

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Figures/Tables 12

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Suitability test of genetic model for growth period and plant height traits"

性状Traits	模型 Model	世代 Generation	U²₁	U²₂	U²₃	nW²	Dn
生育期 GP	MX2-ADI-ADI	P₁	0.0003（0.9872）	0.1456（0.7028）	2.5227（0.0322）*	0.0846（0.6775）	0.2568（0.8234）
		F₁	0.0014（0.6200）	0.0407（0.8402）	0.9067（0.3410）	0.0576（0.8305）	0.1739（0.9905）
		P₂	0.0185（0.8918）	0.3031（0.5820）	2.8068（0.0339）*	0.1164（0.5172）	0.1480（0.9985）
		F₂	0.0001（0.9925）	0.0000（0.9914）	0.0000（0.9949）	0.1832（0.3036）	0.0028（1.0000）
	MX2-ADI-AD	P₁	0.0006（0.9804）	0.1392（0.7091）	2.521（0.1123）	0.0846（0.6773）	0.2558（0.8268）
		F₁	0.0028（0.9575）	0.0346（0.8525）	0.9028（0.3420）	0.0579（0.8292）	0.1723（0.9913）
		P₂	0.0198（0.8882）	0.3077（0.5791）	2.8028（0.0941）	0.1163（0.5176）	0.1491（0.9984）
		F₂	0.0002（0.9901）	0.0002（0.9892）	0.0003（0.9953）	0.1832（0.3035）	0.0028（1.0000）
	MX2-AD-AD	P₁	1.1440（0.2848）	1.8932（0.1688）	1.8532（0.1734）	0.2231（0.2305）	0.4346（0.2242）
		F₁	3.6457（0.0362）	3.3947（0.0454）*	0.0006（0.9799）	0.4232（0.0650）	0.4916（0.1227）
		P₂	0.2916（0.5892）	0.0518（0.8199）	1.3947（0.2376）	0.1235（0.4867）	0.1617（0.9957）
		F₂	0.0560（0.8129）	0.0850（0.7707）	0.0622（0.8031）	0.1987（0.2718）	0.0046（1.0000）
株高 PH	MX2-ADI-ADI	P₁	0.0039（0.9504）	0.0001（0.9946）	0.0720（0.7884）	0.0572（0.8329）	0.1901（0.9777）
		F₁	0.0139（0.9061）	6.1245（0.0242）*	3.4916（0.0417）*	0.1253（0.4794）	0.1403（0.9994）
		P₂	0.0039（0.9504）	0.0001（0.9946）	0.0720（0.7884）	0.0572（0.8329）	0.1901（0.9777）
		F₂	0.0003（0.9863）	0.0001（0.9937）	0.0012（0.972）	0.1012（0.5899）	0.0029（1.0000）
	MX2-ADI-AD	P₁	0.0018（0.9660）	0.0007（0.9787）	0.0739（0.7857）	0.0570（0.8342）	0.1925（0.9752）
		F₁	0.0205（0.8860）	0.1100（0.7402）	0.5402（0.8399）	0.1269（0.4728）	0.1383（0.9995）
		P₂	0.0018（0.9660）	0.0007（0.9787）	0.0739（0.7857）	0.0570（0.8342）	0.1925（0.9752）
		F₂	0.0002（0.9901）	0.0002（0.9894）	0.0000（0.9957）	0.0980（0.6060）	0.0029（1.0000）
	MX2-A-AD	P₁	1.0327（0.3095）	0.7879（0.3747）	0.1484（0.7001）	0.1566（0.3714）	0.1306（0.9998）
		F₁	3.0112（0.0361）*	2.3971（0.0316）*	0.4907（0.4836）	0.2178（0.2387）	0.1814（0.9855）
		P₂	1.0327（0.3095）	0.7879（0.3747）	0.1484（0.7001）	0.1566（0.3714）	0.1306（0.9998）
		F₂	0.3888（0.5329）	0.4205（0.5167）	0.0320（0.8581）	0.1520（0.3852）	0.0099（1.0000）

Table 9

Table 1

References 31

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变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	株高 PH	生育期 GP
区组Block	2	0.98	0.66
组合Combination	29	29.55**	49.34**
母本Female	4	17.42*	4.99*
父本Male	5	42.16**	7.01**
母本×父本 Female×male	20	5.99**	6.72**
误差Error	58	7.30	0.39

亲本Parent	株高PH	生育期GP
P03A	-5.82	-2.61
L025A	1.09	0.33
L080A	-0.07	-0.75
L081A	2.39	-0.71
P02A	-2.29	-1.70
L242	5.92	3.40
L2381	-1.09	0.33
LNK1	-3.03	-0.75
L280	0.47	0.71
L237	6.14	5.70
L298	2.66	2.42

性状Traits	极大值Maximum value	组合Combination	极小值Minimum value	组合Combination
株高PH	7.87	L025A/2381	0.06	P03A/L237
生育期GP	5.49	L081A/NK1	-1.12	P03A/L237

不育系Sterile	恢复系Restorer	生育期GP	株高PH
P03A	L242	-5.31	21.19
	L2381	-7.02	11.51
	LNK1	-6.09	20.16
	L280	-8.62	14.08
	L237	-10.17	1.88
	L298	-10.00	5.52
L025A	L242	1.26	35.65
	L2381	-2.23	33.45
	LNK1	-3.54	24.36
	L280	-1.32	29.53
	L237	-2.20	15.33
	L298	-4.56	20.95
L080A	L242	0.84	29.81
	L2381	-1.22	39.21
	LNK1	-2.46	29.43
	L280	-1.56	19.66
	L237	-3.69	18.75
	L298	-3.25	24.65
L081A	L242	-3.15	28.05
	L2381	-2.02	15.64
	LNK1	2.09	20.66
	L280	-2.62	24.08
	L237	-3.17	31.80
	L298	-2.00	25.99
P02A	L242	-0.78	26.78
	L2381	-1.22	30.25
	LNK1	-1.54	14.36
	L280	-0.32	19.57
	L237	-2.20	25.33
	L298	-3.56	10.82

F₁组合 Combination of F₁	生育期GP (d)					株高PH (cm)
F₁组合 Combination of F₁	不育系 MSL	恢复系 RS	F₁	中亲值 MP	超中亲 OMP (%)	不育系 MSL	恢复系 RS	F₁	中亲值 MP	超中亲OMP (%)
P03A/L242	102	113	107	107.5	-0.47	95	118	143	106.5	34.27
P03A/L2381	102	114	106	108.0	-1.85	95	139	155	117.0	32.48
P03A/LNK1	102	115	108	108.5	-0.46	95	124	149	109.5	36.07
P03A/L280	102	116	106	109.0	-2.75	95	142	162	118.5	36.71
P03A/L237	102	118	106	110.0	-3.64	95	160	163	127.5	27.84
P03A/L298	102	120	108	111.0	-2.70	95	163	172	129.0	33.33

Genetic Analysis on Growth Period and Plant Height Traits of Early-maturing Dwarf Sorghum Male-Sterile Line P03A

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性状Traits	标准差Standard deviation	偏度Kurtosis	峰度Skewness	正态性检验Normality test	概率P
生育期GP	4.08	0.32	-0.81	0.84	0.001
株高PH	21.75	0.21	-0.65	0.97	0.046

4个世代群体 Four generations		P₁	P₂	F₁	F₂	4个世代群体 Four generations		P₁	P₂	F₁	F₂
生育期性状的频次分布FDGT (d)	100					株高性状的频次分布FGHT(cm)	85—90	1			1
	101	2			5		91—95	8			5
	102	7			9		96—100	1			10
	103	1			19		101—105				15
	104				26		106—110				18
	105			1	33		111—115				22
	106			4	42		116—120				25
	107			5	35		121—125				29
	108				36		126—130				35
	109				29		131—135				40
	110				30		136—140				33
	111				20		141—145				30
	112				18		146—150				24
	113				15		151—155				18
	114				20		156—160		2	3	20
	115				26		161—165		6	5	18
	116				11		166—170		2	2	15
	117		2		8		171—175				12
	118		6		3		176—180				9
	119		2				181—185				5
	120						186—190				1
总株数Total number of plants		10	10	10	385	总株数Total number of plants		10	10	10	385
均值Average (d)		102	118	106	106	均值Average (cm)		95	160	163	142

模型 Model		生育期性状GP		株高性状PH
模型 Model		极大似然函数值MFV	AIC值	极大似然函数值MFV	AIC值
A-1	1MG-AD	-1099.25	2210.50	-1790.95	3593.89
A-2	1MG-A	-1114.60	2239.20	-1791.54	3593.08
A-3	1MG-EAD	-1107.17	2224.34	-1802.79	3615.59
A-4	1MG-AEND	-1137.21	2284.42	-1801.53	3613.05
B-1	2MG-ADI	-1081.63	2185.27	-1774.02	3570.04
B-2	2MG-AD	-1080.28	2174.57	-1781.03	3576.05
B-3	2MG-A	-1098.30	2206.59	-1790.01	3590.03
B-4	2MG-EA	-1104.67	2217.35	-1793.00	3594.01
B-5	2MG-AED	-1109.25	2228.51	-1823.65	3657.29
B-6	2MG-EEAD	-1110.47	2228.94	-1804.00	3616.00
C-0	PG-ADI	-1097.70	2207.39	-1751.40	3514.79
C-1	PG-AD	-1104.20	2218.39	-1787.05	3584.10
D-0	MX1-AD-ADI	-1073.09	2163.98	-1739.87	3495.73
D-1	MX1-AD-AD	-1148.73	2311.46	-2093.86	4201.72
D-2	MX1-A-AD	-1097.06	2206.12	-1754.13	3520.26
D-3	MX1-EAD-AD	-1104.19	2220.38	-1795.61	3603.23
D-4	MX1-AEND-AD	-1104.19	2220.38	-1795.61	3603.23
E-0	MX2-ADI-ADI	-1069.35	2162.69	-1735.48	3494.97
E-1	MX2-ADI-AD	-1069.36	2156.72	-1734.89	3487.78
E-2	MX2-AD-AD	-1073.99	2157.98	-1743.75	3497.50
E-3	MX2-A-AD	-1081.68	2169.35	-1742.01	3490.02
E-4	MX2-EAED-AD	-1089.15	2182.30	-1746.91	3497.81
E-5	MX2-AED-AD	-1078.74	2163.47	-1759.96	3525.92
E-6	MX2-EEAD-AD	-1088.83	2181.65	-1754.88	3513.75

一阶遗传参数	生育期GP	株高PH	二阶遗传参数	生育期GP	株高PH
d_a	4.5649	13.8071	σ²_mg	14.6803	439.7595
d_b	-0.0286	-1.2563	σ²_pg	1.7241	32.6096
h_a	-0.7681	-14.6771	h²_mg(%)	0.8113	0.8480
h_b	0.6971	-13.1362	h²_pg(%)	0.1036	0.0689
i	-1.4036	17.9810	σ²_p	426.6282	1039.4318
j_ab	0.7422	16.3419	σ²_e	36.3151	86.4122
j_ba	2.3529	13.0074	σ²_e/σ²_p(%)	8.5100	8.3100
l	-0.7863	11.2103
[d]	-12.1463	-46.5507
[h]	-4.0979	68.7717

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