中晚熟区主要高粱品种耐瘠性综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.23.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil fertility is essential to crop growth and yield. The arable land per capita in China is low, and approximately 21.95% of the arable land has serious barriers for crop production. To ensure food security, it is necessary to exploit cultivated land reserves, along with the efforts to increase the productivity of arable land. Therefore, it is important to cultivate crops that can tolerate low-fertility in marginal lands, to avoid land competition with other main crops and meet increasing food demand. To better use marginal land for sorghum production, a field experiment was conducted in Yuci, Shanxi Province in 2019, to study the variation in low-fertility tolerance ability of different sorghum cultivars. This study aimed to identify the sorghum cultivars with strong tolerance to low-fertility and the index to evaluate low-fertility tolerance, and the results would provide evidence for sorghum selection in marginal land cultivation.【Method】In this study, a field experiment including 23 sorghum cultivars was conducted with contrasting soil fertility treatments, including high soil fertility (control) treatment and low soil fertility treatment (stress). A total of 15 parameters including yield and yield components, dry matter accumulation of shoot and nutrient uptake were investigated. The low-fertility index of each parameter was calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to evaluate low-fertility tolerance and identify low-fertility tolerant cultivar. Low-fertility index and comprehensive evaluation value were used, combined with regression analysis and correlation analysis, to identify the optimal indicators for low-fertility tolerance.【Result】The results showed that the yield, grain number per spike, harvest index, dry matter accumulation at harvest and after heading, leaf area index (LAI), panicle length and width of sorghum were decreased by the low-fertility stress, compared with those in high-fertility plots. The decreasing rate was as follows: dry matter accumulation after heading>yield>grain number per spike>dry matter accumulation of shoot>LAI>panicle width>harvest index. The accumulation of N, P, K in both grains and shoot above ground was also decreased. The N accumulation was the most sensitive to low-fertility stress. The 15 parameters were categorized into five comprehensive indexes (the cumulative contribution rate was 89.28%) by principal component analysis, and the comprehensive evaluation value (D) of the low-fertility tolerance was calculated. According to the D value and the cluster analysis, the 23 sorghum cultivars were divided into four tolerance levels. Six, seven, seven and three cultivars were classified as stronger (0.633≤D≤0.755), strong (0.467≤D≤0.592), weak (0.310≤D≤0.421) and weaker (0.166≤D≤0.246) tolerance to low fertility, respectively. The cultivars Jiniang 2, Liaoza 19, Jinza 18, Jinza 22, Jinfeng 301 and Jinza 28 had the highest D value. Stepwise regression analysis was used to establish the optimal regression equation to evaluate the sorghum low-fertility tolerance. The yield, dry matter accumulation of shoot, N accumulation above ground, grain P accumulation, grain K accumulation and panicle width were selected, which had significant effects on the tolerance to low-fertility stress. The low-fertility index of yield, dry matter accumulation of shoot, N accumulation in shoot above ground, P accumulation in shoot above ground, grain N accumulation and grain P accumulation were significantly correlated with D value. The correlation coefficients were 0.845, 0.836, 0.766, 0.778, 0.761 and 0.757, respectively. 【Conclusion】There were large variation in low-fertility tolerance of the 23 sorghum cultivars. The cultivars of Jiniang 2, Liaoza 19, Jinza 18, Jinza 22, Jinfeng 301 and Jinza 28 were significantly tolerant to low-fertility land. The low-fertility index of grain yield, dry matter accumulation of shoot, N accumulation above ground and grain P accumulation were recommended in rapid screening of low-fertility tolerant sorghum cultivars.

Key words: sorghum, low-fertility stress, comprehensive evaluation, regression analysis

ZHANG Yan,WANG JinSong,DONG ErWei,WU AiLian,WANG Yuan,JIAO XiaoYan. Comprehensive Evaluation of Low-Fertility Tolerance of Different Sorghum Cultivars in Middle-Late-Maturing Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(23): 4954-4968.

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Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Sorghum cultivars and planting density"

序号 Number	品种名称 Cultivars	选育单位 Origin	适宜密度 Planting density (×10⁴plant/hm²)
1	红缨子 Hongyingzi	仁怀市丰源有机高粱育种中心 Renhuai Fengyuan Organic Sorghum Breeding Center	12.0
2	晋杂104 Jinza 104	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
3	晋杂23 Jinza 23	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
4	晋杂18 Jinza 18	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
5	晋杂22 Jinza 22	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
6	冀酿2号Jiniang 2	河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences	12.0
7	辽杂19 Liaoza 19	辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
8	晋杂28 Jinza 28	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
9	辽粘3号Liaonian 3	辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
10	晋早5564 Jinzao 5564	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	16.5
11	晋杂31 Jinza 31	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
12	晋糯3号Jinnuo 3	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
13	金丰301 Jinfeng 301	吉林省金果农业科技有限公司 Jinguo Agricultural Technology Company Limited of Jilin Province	12.0
14	凤杂4号Fengza 4	公主岭国家农业科技园区高科作物育种研究所 High-Tech Crop Breeding Institute, National Agricultural Science and Technology Park	12.0
15	晋梁116 Jinliang 116	山西冠丰高粱科技有限公司 Shanxi Guanfeng Sorghum Technology Limited Company	12.0
16	白杂11号Baiza 11	吉林省白城市农业科学院 Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jilin Province	12.0
17	晋杂33 Jinza 33	山西九源科技有限公司 Shanxi Jiuyuan Technology Limited Company 山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
18	吉杂127 Jiza 127	吉林省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Germplasm Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
19	晋杂35 Jinza 35	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
20	金糯粱4号 Jinnuoliang 4	四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
21	金糯粱6号 Jinnuoliang 6	四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences	12.0
22	晋杂34 Jinza 34	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	16.5
23	汾酒粱1号 Fenjiuliang 1	山西省农业科学院高粱研究所 Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences	16.5

Table 2

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Fig. 2

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Table 9

Fig. 4

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肥力水平 Soil fertility	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 Nitrate N (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)
高肥力HF	0.97	10.77	199.03	20.71	17.17
低肥力LF	0.78	7.10	197.62	11.90	14.91

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 DF	F值 F value
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 DF	产量 Y	千粒重 TWG	穗粒数 GNS	地上干物质积累 DMAS	抽穗后干物质积累 HDMA	收获指数 HI	叶面积指数 LAI	穗长 PL	穗宽 PW
肥力FT	1	10861.00**	22.47**	1885.67**	8937.50**	5078.24**	1374.27**	553.65**	174.91**	441.49**
品种Vr	22	61.80**	85.31**	39.55**	46.34**	84.06**	90.71**	27.77**	47.16**	27.87**
肥力×品种FT×Vr	22	21.33**	12.28**	7.01**	25.62**	20.01**	15.77**	8.36**	8.93**	3.11**

性状 Trait	高肥力High soil fertility				低肥力Low soil fertility				均值降低幅度 Decreasing rate (%)
性状 Trait	均值 Mean	变化范围 Variation range	标准差 SD	CV (%)	均值 Mean	变化范围 Variation range	标准差 SD	CV (%)	均值降低幅度 Decreasing rate (%)
产量Y (t·hm^-2)	7.07	5.58—8.66	0.78	11.06	3.92	2.94—4.89	0.47	12.03	44.23
千粒重 TGW (g)	26.28	16.80—35.17	5.60	21.32	25.30	16.37—29.87	3.86	15.24	1.80
穗粒数 GNS	2228.56	1371.34—3320.73	439.56	19.72	1240.26	744.45—1987.52	268.47	21.65	43.72
收获指数 HI (%)	50.22	41.14—58.51	4.06	8.09	43.49	32.09—51.54	4.69	10.79	13.34
地上干物质积累DMAS (t·hm^-2)	14.09	11.75—16.65	1.28	9.05	9.04	7.40—10.34	0.79	8.79	35.45
抽穗后干物质积累HDMA (t·hm^-2)	6.10	3.39—8.60	1.49	24.36	2.42	0.33—4.21	0.92	37.86	60.69
叶面积指数 LAI	5.91	3.95—8.21	1.25	21.07	4.25	2.89—5.48	0.66	15.45	26.14
穗长 PL (cm)	28.76	21.63—36.53	3.82	13.29	26.24	20.57—31.37	2.79	10.63	8.01
穗宽 PW (cm)	9.65	7.13—13.87	1.60	16.52	7.31	5.40—10.53	1.30	17.82	23.82

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 DF	F值 F value
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 DF	籽粒氮累积量 GNA	籽粒磷累积量 GPA	籽粒钾累积量 GKA	植株氮累积量 NAG	植株磷累积量 PAG	植株钾累积量 KAG
肥力FT	1	11525.78**	863.31**	2059.21**	14760.68**	1272.64**	1668.23**
品种Vr	22	38.75**	12.01**	6.27**	29.10**	11.38**	28.08**
肥力×品种FT×Vr	22	24.01**	10.47**	4.95**	29.07**	8.71**	8.71**

性状 Trait	高肥力High soil fertility				低肥力Low soil fertility				均值降低幅度 Decreasing rate (%)
性状 Trait	均值 Mean	变化范围 Variation rang	标准差 SD	CV (%)	均值 Mean	变化范围 Variation range	标准差 SD	CV (%)	均值降低幅度 Decreasing rate (%)
籽粒氮累积量GNA	105.62	80.38—130.50	15.91	15.06	37.49	28.60—47.31	4.98	13.30	63.90
籽粒磷累积量GPA	13.78	8.58—20.80	3.03	22.02	8.27	5.62—10.71	1.39	16.75	39.73
籽粒钾累积量GKA	21.64	15.77—25.97	2.02	9.31	11.41	8.73—14.42	1.49	13.05	46.58
植株氮累积量NAG	159.31	129.03—190.37	20.20	12.68	58.79	47.59—68.65	5.49	9.34	62.45
植株磷累积量PAG	18.64	13.14—25.82	3.45	18.53	10.38	7.91—12.97	1.53	14.77	44.33
植株钾累积量KAG	141.68	105.99—168.50	19.58	13.82	90.65	66.05—123.48	15.75	17.37	35.34

Comprehensive Evaluation of Low-Fertility Tolerance of Different Sorghum Cultivars in Middle-Late-Maturing Area

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主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率 Contributive rate (%)	累积贡献率 Cumulative contributive rate (%)
1	4.64	30.91	30.91
2	2.63	17.53	48.44
3	2.62	17.45	65.89
4	2.01	13.41	79.30
5	1.50	9.98	89.28

指标 Index	因子1 Factor 1	因子2 Factor 2	因子3 Factor 3	因子4 Factor 4	因子5 Factor 5
产量Y	0.685	-0.273	0.143	0.495	0.379
千粒重TWG	0.286	-0.153	-0.178	0.882	0.060
穗粒数GNS	0.290	-0.188	0.868	-0.188	-0.085
收获指数HI	0.201	-0.652	-0.235	0.469	0.469
地上干物质积累DMAS	0.678	0.403	0.501	0.179	-0.064
抽穗后干物质积累HDMA	0.580	-0.523	0.175	0.490	0.108
叶面积指数LAI	-0.192	0.852	-0.030	-0.304	0.243
穗长PL	-0.166	0.296	0.812	-0.314	0.053
穗宽PW	0.010	0.151	0.834	0.190	0.176
籽粒氮累积量GNA	0.784	-0.243	-0.008	0.389	0.150
籽粒磷累积量GPA	0.893	-0.184	0.030	-0.007	0.224
籽粒钾累积量GKA	0.246	-0.055	0.142	0.079	0.909
植株氮累积量NAG	0.848	0.123	0.015	0.258	-0.019
植株磷累积量PAG	0.944	-0.046	0.007	0.038	0.080
植株钾累积量KAG	0.132	0.828	0.313	0.085	-0.330

品种 Cultivars	U (1)	U (2)	U (3)	U (4)	U (5)	综合评价值Comprehensive evaluation value (D)	排序 Order
红缨子Hongyingzi	0.280	0.531	0.483	0.093	0.000	0.310	20
晋杂104 Jinza 104	0.317	1.000	0.636	0.187	0.305	0.493	12
晋杂23 Jinza 23	0.550	0.628	0.698	0.391	0.544	0.570	10
晋杂18 Jinza 18	0.910	0.562	0.545	0.734	0.369	0.683	3
晋杂22 Jinza 22	1.000	0.221	0.309	0.788	0.748	0.652	4
冀酿2号Jiniang 2	0.874	0.384	1.000	0.555	0.881	0.755	1
辽杂19 Liaoza 19	0.862	0.404	0.657	0.759	0.710	0.700	2
晋杂28 Jinza 28	0.943	0.129	0.409	0.802	0.723	0.633	6
辽粘3号Liaonian 3	0.396	0.383	0.232	0.518	0.512	0.393	16
晋早5564 Jinzao 5564	0.877	0.339	0.000	0.832	0.687	0.572	9
晋杂31 Jinza 31	0.712	0.087	0.471	0.831	1.000	0.592	7
晋糯3号Jinnuo 3	0.548	0.704	0.577	0.515	0.513	0.575	8
金丰301 Jinfeng 301	0.905	0.219	0.343	0.884	0.812	0.647	5
凤杂4号Fengza 4	0.817	0.000	0.002	1.000	0.732	0.515	11
晋梁116 Jinliang 116	0.425	0.070	0.129	0.761	0.577	0.365	18
白杂11号Baiza 11	0.578	0.095	0.034	0.764	0.529	0.399	15
晋杂33 Jinza 33	0.381	0.224	0.175	0.506	0.524	0.345	19
吉杂127 Jiza 127	0.644	0.273	0.135	0.670	0.570	0.467	13
晋杂35 Jinza 35	0.163	0.869	0.653	0.097	0.163	0.388	17
金糯粱4号 Jinnuoliang 4	0.076	0.417	0.033	0.152	0.508	0.194	22
金糯粱6号 Jinnuoliang 6	0.000	0.662	0.035	0.000	0.258	0.166	23
晋杂34 Jinza 34	0.121	0.715	0.035	0.145	0.311	0.246	21
汾酒粱1号 Fenjiuliang 1	0.547	0.356	0.159	0.344	0.706	0.421	14
权重W_j	0.346	0.196	0.195	0.150	0.112

指标 Index	相关性系数 Correlation coefficient	P值 P value
产量Y	0.836**	0.000
千粒重TWG	0.438*	0.037
穗粒数GNS	0.520*	0.011
收获指数HI	0.252	0.246
地上干物质积累DMAS	0.845**	0.000
抽穗后干物质积累HDMA	0.684**	0.000
叶面积指数LAI	-0.135	0.539
穗长PL	0.168	0.444
穗宽PW	0.497*	0.016
籽粒氮累积量 GNA	0.761**	0.000
籽粒磷累积量GPA	0.757**	0.000
籽粒钾累积量GKA	0.477*	0.021
植株氮累积量 NAG	0.766**	0.000
植株磷累积量 PAG	0.778**	0.000
植株钾累积量 KAG	0.270	0.212

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