244份春小麦苗期抗旱性的鉴定

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.09.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Drought is a major environmental factor limiting global wheat production, and breeding drought-tolerant varieties is a key challenge faced by wheat breeders worldwide. Spring wheat, which has a short growth period, plays a vital role for national food security and planting structure, therefore, it is of great importance to identify and select drought tolerance of spring wheat varieties for breeding of high-yielding and drought-tolerant wheat.【Method】In this study, 244 spring wheat varieties (lines) from 10 different regions were used to assess the drought tolerance of spring wheat varieties during the seedling stage, this study used the controlled water content method to impose drought stress during the seedling stage, 5 seedlings with uniform and consistent growth were selected during the trefoil stage. Thirteen seedling stage indicators including maximum root length (MRL), first leaf length (FLL), first leaf width (FLW), coleoptile length (CL), shoot fresh weight (SFW) and root fresh weight (RFW) were measured. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of various spring wheat varieties (lines) was conducted through methods such as using descriptive statistics, membership function, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. 【Result】The drought tolerance of spring wheat varieties (lines) exhibits a large variation. The coefficient of variation of the measured traits under drought treatment conditions ranges from 2.1% to 32.9%, while the coefficient of variation of the control group ranges from 1.0% to 29.3%. Compared with the control, the coleoptile length, root dry weight, fresh weight root to shoot ratio, and dry weight root to shoot ratio under drought treatment were all greater than those under the control treatment. The original 13 indexes were summarized into 5 principal components, and the contribution rate reached 79.56%, and the D value of the comprehensive drought resistance coefficient was calculated according to the characteristic vector of each principal component and the drought resistance coefficient of each trait index, then the D value was clustered and analyzed, which could be divided into 5 subgroups. Therefore, the root biomass (underground fresh weight and dry weight) was screened as an effective comprehensive index for the identification of drought resistance at the seedling stage. We conducted correlation analysis between the seedling stage drought index and the agronomic traits of maturity stage showed that the coleoptile length, first leaf length was significantly positively correlated with flag length, plant height, spike length, the number of spike and grain length. Additionally, and the seedling biomass was significantly positively correlated with thousand-grain weight.【Conclusion】Twenty-two highly drought-tolerant varieties were screened, and root biomass (both fresh and dry weight of the underground part) was identified as an effective comprehensive indicator for evaluating seedling stage drought tolerance.

Key words: spring wheat, seedling stage, drought resistance, comprehensive drought resistance coefficient

ZHOU Quan, LU QiuMei, ZHAO ZhangChen, WU ChenRan, FU XiaoGe, ZHAO YuJiao, HAN Yong, LIN HuaiLong, CHEN WeiLin, MOU LiMing, LI XingMao, WANG ChangHai, HU YinGang, CHEN Liang. Identification of Drought Resistance of 244 Spring Wheat Varieties at Seedling Stage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(9): 1646-1657.

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Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Correlation analysis of 13 seedling indexes"

处理 Treatment	指标 Index	最大根长 MRL	胚芽鞘长 CL	第一叶长 FLL	第一叶宽 FLW	第一叶面积 FLA	地上部鲜重 SFW	地上部干重 SDW	地下部鲜重 RFW	地下部干重 RDW	鲜重根冠比 RSFW	干重根冠比 RSDW	苗失水率 SWLR
对照 Control	胚芽鞘长CL	-0.51**
	第一叶长FLL	-0.52**	0.75**
	第一叶宽FLW	-0.02	-0.19**	0.06
	第一叶面积FLA	-0.40**	0.50**	0.82**	0.56**
	地上部鲜重SFW	-0.52**	0.45**	0.57**	0.25**	0.62**
	地上部干重SDW	-0.36**	0.31**	0.51**	0.30**	0.61**	0.89**
	地下部鲜重RFW	0.48**	-0.21**	-0.24**	0.01	-0.13*	0.14*	0.11
	地下部干重RDW	0.79**	-0.52**	-0.40**	0.17**	-0.19**	-0.33**	-0.17**	0.61**
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	0.80**	-0.58**	-0.58**	-0.03	-0.47**	-0.72**	-0.65**	0.43**	0.85**
	干重根冠比RSDW	0.72**	-0.47**	-0.57**	-0.20**	-0.55**	-0.62**	-0.57**	0.55**	0.66**	0.83**
	苗失水率SWLR	-0.58**	0.53**	0.44**	-0.01	0.36**	0.71**	0.37**	0.08	-0.52**	-0.58**	-0.49**
	根失水率RWLR	-0.38**	0.30**	0.16*	-0.24**	0.002	0.48**	0.25**	0.28**	-0.41**	-0.44**	-0.10	0.64**
胁迫 Stress	胚芽鞘长CL	-0.61**
	第一叶长FLL	-0.48**	0.62**
	第一叶宽FLW	-0.24**	0.12	0.23**
	第一叶面积FLA	-0.47**	0.50**	0.83**	0.67**
	地上部鲜重SFW	-0.48**	0.48**	0.57**	0.42**	0.66**
	地上部干重SDW	-0.54**	0.44**	0.63**	0.56**	0.78**	0.83**
	地下部鲜重RFW	0.56**	-0.47**	-0.27**	0.09	-0.13*	0.01	-0.032
	地下部干重RDW	0.70**	-0.60**	-0.47**	-0.01	-0.32**	-0.25**	-0.26**	0.82**
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	0.81**	-0.66**	-0.71**	-0.34**	-0.69**	-0.63**	-0.75**	0.60**	0.82**
	干重根冠比RSDW	0.73**	-0.65**	-0.57**	-0.17**	-0.49**	-0.53**	-0.48**	0.83**	0.82**	0.86**
	苗失水率SWLR	0.19**	0.01	-0.17**	-0.26**	-0.28**	0.19**	-0.38**	0.10	0.07	0.30**	0.001
	根失水率RWLR	-0.05	0.07	0.22**	0.12	0.20**	0.39**	0.27**	0.55**	0.03	-0.11	0.26**	0.17**

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 5

Table 6

Correlation analysis between D value of comprehensive drought resistance coefficient and agronomic characters in field"

环境 Environment	指标 Index	旗叶长 FL	株高 PH	穗长 SL	小穗数 SN	穗粒数 GN	千粒重 TKW	籽粒长 GL	籽粒宽 GW
杨凌YL	最大根长MRL	-0.25**	-0.02	-0.03	-.16*	-0.07	0.13*	-0.29**	0.14*
	胚芽鞘长CL	0.59**	0.53**	0.42**	0.39**	-0.01	-0.28**	0.33**	-0.35**
	第一叶长FLL	0.50**	0.26**	0.27**	0.34**	0.13	-0.19**	0.36**	-0.26**
	第一叶宽FLW	-0.11	-0.32**	-0.10	-0.08	0.22**	0.17**	0.04	0.22**
	第一叶面积FLA	0.31**	0.03	0.14*	0.23**	0.24**	-0.04	0.32**	-0.04
	地上部鲜重SFW	0.13*	-0.13*	-0.03	0.16*	0.26**	0.18**	0.43**	0.19**
	地上部干重SDW	0.06	-0.17*	-0.04	0.15*	0.30**	0.28**	0.45**	0.26**
	地下部鲜重RFW	-0.18**	-0.10	-0.07	-0.10	0.01	0.27**	-0.06	0.30**
	地下部干重RDW	-0.29**	-0.14*	-0.09	-0.15*	-0.00	0.24**	-0.17**	0.26**
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	-0.26**	-0.04	-0.06	-0.19**	-0.14*	0.04	-0.37**	0.07
	干重根冠比RSDW	-0.25**	-0.02	-0.03	-0.19**	-0.17*	0.10	-0.32**	0.13*
	苗失水率SWLR	0.17**	-0.01	-0.02	0.10	0.07	-0.06	0.23**	-0.02
	根失水率RWLR	0.05	0.01	-0.06	0.01	-0.01	0.08	0.15*	0.06
定西DX	最大根长MRL	-0.22**	-0.25**	0.15*	-0.15*	0.26**	0.02	-0.42**	0.13*
	胚芽鞘长CL	0.34**	0.64**	0.17**	0.20**	-0.17**	0.16*	0.50**	-0.15*
	第一叶长FLL	0.34**	0.37**	0.00	0.20**	-0.06	0.09	0.34**	-0.11
	第一叶宽FLW	0.23**	-0.03	-0.10	0.20**	0.15*	0.23**	0.10	0.29**
	第一叶面积FLA	0.38**	0.26**	-0.03	0.26**	0.04	0.21**	0.31**	0.10
	地上部鲜重SFW	0.25**	0.17*	-0.05	0.07	-0.12	0.24**	0.34**	0.10
	地上部干重SDW	0.32**	0.11	-0.15*	0.11	-0.08	0.28**	0.38**	0.20**
	地下部鲜重RFW	-0.15*	-0.40**	0.02	-0.09	0.24**	0.22**	-0.28**	0.38**
	地下部干重RDW	-0.17**	-0.41**	0.09	-0.15*	0.24**	0.17**	-0.28**	0.31**
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	-0.30**	-0.35**	0.15*	-0.17**	0.19**	-0.02	-0.42**	0.12
	干重根冠比RSDW	-0.26**	-0.43**	0.06	-0.13	0.24**	0.07	-0.41**	0.26**
	苗失水率SWLR	-0.15*	0.07	0.17**	-0.10	-0.04	-0.08	-0.13*	-0.16*
	根失水率RWLR	-0.04	-0.16*	-0.04	0.02	0.04	0.11	-0.02	0.18**

Table 6

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省份/组织 Province/Organization	数量 No.	省份/组织 Province/Organization	数量 No.
CIMMYT	97	中国陕西Shaanxi, China	1
中国甘肃Gansu, China	53	中国云南Yunnan, China	1
中国四川Sichuan, China	49	中国青海Qinghai, China	1
中国宁夏Ningxia, China	24	中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China	1
中国河南Henan, China	3	国外Foreign	14

处理 Treatment	指标 Index	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
对照 Control	最大根长MRL (cm)	10.10	26.02	18.60	3.22	17.30
	胚芽鞘长CL (cm)	5.23	12.07	7.90	1.52	19.22
	第一叶长FLL (cm)	11.02	22.74	15.58	2.66	17.08
	第一叶宽FLW (cm)	0.29	0.45	0.36	0.04	10.37
	第一叶面积FLA (cm²)	2.58	6.47	4.30	0.87	20.24
	地上部鲜重SFW (mg)	360.00	919.00	612.62	139.21	22.72
	地上部干重SDW (mg)	37.50	76.40	55.06	8.59	15.60
	地下部鲜重RFW (mg)	114.00	340.00	232.98	47.98	20.59
	地下部干重RDW (mg)	9.00	27.00	18.44	3.97	21.51
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	0.18	0.69	0.39	0.12	29.30
	干重根冠比RSDW	0.18	0.57	0.34	0.10	29.23
	苗失水率SWLR	0.89	0.93	0.91	0.01	1.05
	根失水率RWLR	0.85	0.95	0.92	0.02	1.71
干旱 Drought	最大根长MRL (cm)	7.18	19.27	13.11	2.88	21.95
	胚芽鞘长CL (cm)	5.98	12.34	8.22	1.28	15.52
	第一叶长FLL (cm)	8.28	16.07	11.89	1.94	16.33
	第一叶宽FLW (cm)	0.21	0.35	0.27	0.03	11.33
	第一叶面积FLA (cm²)	1.41	3.74	2.50	0.54	21.58
	地上部鲜重SFW (mg)	213.67	471.00	324.65	56.82	17.50
	地上部干重SDW (mg)	31.00	70.00	49.85	9.30	18.65
	地下部鲜重RFW (mg)	47.00	219.00	140.12	35.99	25.68
	地下部干重RDW (mg)	10.00	30.33	20.77	4.44	21.37
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	0.22	0.79	0.44	0.14	32.89
	干重根冠比RSDW	0.15	0.79	0.44	0.14	30.61
	苗失水率SWLR	0.77	0.88	0.85	0.02	2.10
	根失水率RWLR	0.72	0.89	0.85	0.03	2.96

Identification of Drought Resistance of 244 Spring Wheat Varieties at Seedling Stage

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指标 Index	因子载荷Factor loading
指标 Index	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
最大根长MRL	0.59	0.03	-0.24	0.00	-0.24
胚芽鞘长CL	0.42	0.33	-0.20	0.72	0.01
第一叶长FLL	0.43	0.67	0.03	-0.38	0.21
第一叶宽FLW	-0.15	0.27	0.66	0.36	0.38
第一叶面积FLA	0.24	0.71	0.46	-0.08	0.41
地上部鲜重SFW	0.29	0.67	-0.51	0.23	-0.17
地上部干重SDW	0.11	0.61	0.46	0.14	-0.58
地下部鲜重RFW	0.89	-0.12	-0.05	0.29	-0.12
地下部干重RDW	0.76	-0.16	0.30	-0.15	-0.15
鲜重根冠比RSFW	0.62	-0.57	-0.07	-0.22	0.29
干重根冠比RSDW	0.67	-0.42	0.42	0.06	0.03
苗失水率SWLR	0.08	0.25	-0.85	0.19	0.30
根失水率RWLR	0.55	0.01	-0.11	0.57	0.22
特征值Eigenvalue	3.39	2.56	2.22	1.13	1.04
贡献率Contribution (%)	26.07	19.72	17.04	8.70	8.03
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution (%)	26.07	45.78	62.83	71.52	79.56
因子权重Factor weight	0.33	0.25	0.21	0.11	0.10

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