Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 831-845.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.05.001

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Seedling Characterization and Genetic Analysis of Low Phosphorus Tolerance in Shanxi Varieties

WEI NaiCui1,2(), TAO JinBo2(), YUAN MingYang2, ZHANG Yu3, KAI MengXiang2, QIAO Ling1, WU BangBang1, HAO YuQiong1, ZHENG XingWei1, WANG JuanLing2, ZHAO JiaJia1(), ZHENG Jun1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agriculture University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Linfen 041000, Shanxi
    2 College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi
    3 Linfen Second Middle School, Linfen 041000, Shanxi
  • Received:2023-08-02 Accepted:2023-09-26 Online:2024-03-01 Published:2024-03-06
  • Contact: ZHAO JiaJia, ZHENG Jun

Abstract:

【Objective】In arid and semi-arid regions, the water and nutrients are scarce in the soil. The phosphorus use efficiency between different wheat genotypes varies greatly. Therefore, identification of low phosphorus-tolerant germplasm and mapping of related loci is helpful for genetic improvement of wheat. 【Method】Using 282 Shanxi wheat varieties as materials, twelve seedling morphological indicators were investigated under three phosphorus concentrations, including SDW, RDW, DW, SFW, RFW, FW, MRL, TRL, RS, RV, RD, and RN. Principal component analysis, membership function analysis, and cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the low phosphorus tolerance characteristics of different varieties at the seedling stage. On this basis, the trait evolution trend and biomass allocation at seedling stage were analyzed. At the same time, GWAS was used to identify significant loci related to the low phosphorus-related traits. 【Result】The response of different traits to low phosphorus at the seedling stage was different. Lower phosphorus concentrations led to changes in biomass allocation strategy, and shoot growth was less affected by change in phosphorus concentrations than root growth. The decrease in phosphorus concentration inhibited the growth of shoot, and SDW and SFW were significantly reduced. In contrast, low phosphorus promoted root growth, and the indicators of RDW, RFW, MRL, TRL, RV and RN increased significantly. According to the correlation analysis between D-value and morphological indicators, it was found that MRL and RD could be used as selection indicators for low phosphorus tolerance at seedling stage. Based on D-value clustering analysis, 9 low phosphorus tolerant varieties were selected, including Jinmai 46, Jinmai 61, Youmangdahongjing, Hongtumai, Hongheshang, Baikehong, Baixianmai, Huoshaotou, Baishanmai. Analysing trends in trait evolution showed that cultivars were not directly selected for their ability to tolerate low phosphorus. The ability to tolerate low phosphorus decreased first and then increased over time. Before 2010, there was a decreasing trend in the ability of varieties to tolerate low phosphorus, and after 2010, there was an increase in the ability of varieties to tolerate low phosphorus. GWAS stably detected eight loci with R2>10% in three environments, in which 1A_545074550, 2B_489279799, 6A_166899658 and 6A_273060644 were not reported previously.【Conclusion】The MRL and RD can be used as selection indicators for low phosphorus tolerance at seedling stage. A total of nine varieties were selected through comprehensive evaluation of ability in Shanxi wheat to tolerate low phosphorus during seedling stage. Association analysis detected four novel loci associated with low phosphorus tolerance on chromosomes 1A, 2B and 6A, and the results provide germplasm resources and QTL for future low phosphorus tolerance wheat breeding.

Key words: seedling stage, low phosphorus tolerance, germplasm identification, trait evolution, association analysis

Fig. 1

Morphological changes at seedling stage under CK and LP treatment A: Seedling stage; B: Shoot parts during seedling stage; C: Root during seedling stage; CK: Normal phosphorus treatment, LP: Low phosphorus stress treatment"

Table 1

Statistical analysis of seedling traits under different conditions"

性状
Traits
CK MLP LP
变幅
Range
均值
Mean
变异系数
CV (%)
变幅
Range
均值
Mean
变异系数
CV (%)
变幅
Range
均值
Mean
变异系数
CV (%)
茎叶部干重SDW (mg) 6.13-32.31 13.71 27.04 3.98-18.01 10.87 19.87 7.24-27.05 12.78 18.77
根部干重RDW (mg) 1.41-7.47 3.83 32.73 1.12-10.49 3.86 25.74 2.46-38.74 5.37 55.15
植株干重DW (mg) 8.51-39.78 17.55 26.75 5.10-24.23 14.73 19.70 10.81-60.23 18.15 24.73
茎叶部鲜重SFW (mg) 77.69-356.73 158.54 29.20 49.80-214.49 142.33 19.58 69.39-241.62 139.49 17.39
根部鲜重RFW (mg) 27.66-103.15 54.70 32.99 15.13-91.01 55.43 24.91 23.58-107.42 67.53 23.40
植株鲜重FW (mg) 110.81-459.88 213.24 29.13 64.93-305.50 197.76 19.89 99.60-343.94 207.02 18.06
最大根长MRL (cm) 3.10-21.40 10.53 24.67 3.65-17.20 11.30 19.36 4.95-20.70 14.19 17.00
总根长TRL (cm) 7.00-67.19 32.99 33.63 5.39-62.68 32.97 26.16 16.88-88.69 50.90 27.01
根表面积RS (cm2) 1.31-8.74 4.73 32.53 0.90-7.87 4.65 24.47 2.67-10.07 6.27 22.76
根体积RV (cm3) 0.02-0.18 0.07 37.13 0.02-0.14 0.07 29.12 0.03-0.15 0.08 25.45
根直径RD (cm) 0.37-1.03 0.61 19.85 0.38-1.06 0.62 17.42 0.33-0.90 0.49 17.19
根尖数RN 3.33-31.00 9.43 41.90 2.83-18.83 8.60 31.45 5.17-37.17 16.51 33.15

Fig. 2

Comparison of PRC for different types of varieties for each indicator A: Box plots of PRC values for each indicator in MLP; B: Box plots of PRC values for each indicator in LP. *and** represent significance at P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively. The same as below"

Fig. 3

Characteristics of biomass variation with phosphorus concentration A: Biomass distribution under different treatment conditions; B: Biomass distribution of different types of varieties under different treatment conditions; C: The allokinetic relationship between shoot biomass and total biomass; D: The allokinetic relationship between root biomass and total biomass"

Table 2

Correlation coefficients between D values with each indicator"

性状
Traits
DMLP
D values MLP
DLP
D values LP
性状
Traits
DMLP
D values MLP
DLP
D values LP
茎叶部干重SDW 0.277** 0.079 最大根长MRL 0.155* -0.222**
根部干重RDW 0.068 -0.121 总根长TRL 0.150* -0.121
植株干重DW 0.229** 0.012 根表面积RS 0.055 -0.148*
茎叶部鲜重SFW 0.177** -0.036 根体积RV -0.044 -0.11
根部鲜重RFW 0.035 -0.131* 根直径RD -0.214** 0.156*
植株鲜重FW 0.138* -0.079 根尖数RN 0.149* -0.056

Fig. 4

Comparison of PRC for different types of varieties for each indicator A: The phenotypic comparison between phosphorus-sensitive cultivars and phosphorus-tolerance cultivars at MLP; B: The phenotypic comparison between phosphorus-sensitive cultivars and phosphorus-tolerance cultivars at LP"

Fig. 5

Evolution of related traits at seedling stage A: The phenotypic values of root tip number and PRC under LP evolved over time; B: The phenotypic values of root diameter and PRC under LP evolved over time; C: The phenotypic values of maximum root length and PRC under LP evolved over time; D: The phenotypic values of root tip number and PRC under MLP evolved over time; E: The phenotypic values of root diameter and PRC under MLP evolved over time; F: The phenotypic values of maximum root length and PRC under MLP evolved over time; G: The phenotypic values of plant dry weight and the values of PRC under LP evolved over time; H: The phenotypic values of fresh weight and PRC of plants under LP evolved over time; I: The phenotypic values of root surface area and the values of PRC evolved over time under LP; J: The phenotypic values of plant dry weight and PRC under MLP evolved over time; K: The phenotypic values of fresh weight and PRC of plants under MLP evolved over time; L: The phenotypic values of root surface area and PRC under MLP evolved over time. Black dots and solid lines indicate PRC of traits and their trends, and white dots and dashed lines indicate trait phenotypic values and their trends"

Fig. 6

Trend of D values at MLP and LP of wheat"

Table 3

Significance loci for which PRC values of each morphological indicator were stably detected in three or more environments"

性状
Traits
染色体
Chr.
物理位置
Position (Mb)
标记
Marker
环境
Environment
<BOLD>P</BOLD>
<BOLD>P</BOLD> value
表型变异解释率
R2 (%)
参考文献
References
茎叶部干重
SDW
7A 679.74 7A_679744088 MLP1 2.95E-04 5.98 [37]
MLPAV 2.73E-04 6.41 [37]
LP2 1.54E-04 6.66 [37]
LPAV 1.08E-04 7.77 [37]
根部干重
RDW
2A 720.06 2A_720056407 MLP1 9.83E-04 5.04
723.57 2A_723574066 LP1 1.20E-04 6.79
728.13 2A_728131289 LP2 6.98E-04 5.49
2B 771.81 2B_771807820 LP2 2.97E-05 8.32 [36]
776.28 2B_776277662 MLP1 4.33E-04 5.67 [36]
LP1 1.54E-06 10.25 [36]
3A 697.27 3A_697265307 MLP1 3.35E-04 5.85 [37]
MLPAV 2.52E-06 8.22 [37]
LP2 1.42E-05 8.55 [37]
6A 166.90 6A_166899658 MLP1 1.08E-06 10.26
LP1 7.76E-04 5.35
LP2 2.69E-04 6.23
273.06 6A_273060644 LP2 7.72E-04 5.41
273.49 6A_273485987 MLP1 9.90E-07 10.33
LP1 8.29E-04 5.30
596.50 6A_596501004 LP2 7.98E-05 7.18
598.86 6A_598861692 MLPAV 1.19E-04 5.68
599.26 6A_599260920 MLP1 6.01E-04 5.41
7A 679.74 7A_679744223 MLP1 3.45E-10 16.79 [37]
MLPAV 1.16E-05 7.21 [37]
LP2 3.31E-04 6.08 [37]
85.63 7A_85627950 MLP1 3.46E-12 20.69 [38]
LP1 1.74E-04 6.50 [38]
LPAV 1.95E-04 6.96 [38]
85.66 7A_85658080 LPAV 1.03E-05 12.24 [38]
MLPAV 9.70E-05 5.81 [38]
植株干重
DW
2B 485.17 2B_485169465 LPAV 1.51E-04 7.53
489.28 2B_489279799 LP1 1.08E-06 10.09
LP2 9.54E-04 5.26
768.06 2B_768059955 LP1 5.27E-04 5.41 [36]
LPAV 8.65E-04 5.99 [36]
771.81 2B_771807820 LP2 7.56E-09 15.13 [36]
7A 679.74 7A_679744088 MLP1 1.43E-04 6.45 [37]
MLPAV 1.71E-04 6.75 [37]
LPAV 8.41E-04 6.02 [37]
679.74 7A_679744223 MLP1 2.19E-04 6.13 [37]
LP2 3.36E-04 6.08 [37]
LPAV 3.58E-04 6.77 [37]
茎叶部鲜重
SFW
1A 15.43 1A_15432092 MLPAV 9.54E-04 5.41
LP1 9.40E-04 5.24
LPAV 0.001 5.80
7A 85.66 7A_85658291 MLP1 8.30E-04 5.28 [38]
LP2 8.11E-04 5.16 [38]
LPAV 2.38E-05 9.09 [38]
最大根长
MRL
1A 545.07 1A_545074550 MLP1 1.71E-08 13.23
MLPAV 1.42E-07 11.12
LP1 1.26E-04 6.24
545.33 1A_545329345 MLP1 5.66E-09 14.11
MLPAV 9.67E-08 11.41
LP1 7.30E-05 6.63
545.52 1A_545517460 MLP1 1.03E-09 16.52
MLPAV 4.18E-08 13.20
LP1 7.88E-05 6.98

Fig. 7

Manhattan plots for genome-wide association analysis"

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