一次灌溉和氮肥运筹对旱地小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of one-off irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management on grain yield and quality in dryland winter wheat (hereinafter referred to as wheat).【Method】From 2020 to 2022, the split-plot field experiment was conducted at the Mengjin, Yichuan and Luoning counties of Luoyang city in Henan province, China, in the typical dryland wheat production area at the intersection between Loess Plateau and Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The two irrigation levels of no-irrigation during wheat growth period (I0) and soil-moisture-based one-off irrigation after regreening (I1, one-off supplemental irrigation was conducted to 85% of field capacity when the soil water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer after wheat regreening was lower than 60% of field capacity at the first time, there was only this irrigation during the whole growth stage) were assigned as the main plots; and the four N fertilizer managements of N0, N120, N180 and N240 were set as sub-plots, where N rates were 0, 120, 180 and 240 kg·hm^-2, respectively, and all of them were applied at sowing under I0 treatment, and 50% as basal, and 50% were applied along with the one-off irrigation under I1. The grain yield and protein yield, zinc content, protein and its components content, and main processing quality indicators of wheat were determined. 【Result】 Compared with I0, I1 significantly increased wheat grain yield and protein yield by 11.5%-73.0% and 9.1%-57.0%, respectively, in which the amplification enlarged with the increase of N rates, and that in the 2020-2021 was higher than that in the 2021-2022. However, I1 reduced the contents of zinc, and protein and its components in wheat grain, as well as the most indicators of processing quality compared with I0. Except for the globulin content at Yichuan in 2020-2021, compared with I0, I1 significantly decreased the content of zinc, protein and its components, and the processing quality of wheat grain. Among them, the content of zinc, albumin, globulin, gliadin, and glutenin were decreased by 5.0%-13.8%, 4.5%-14.1%, 6.4%-17.3%, 2.3%-24.8%, and 8.0%-13.9%, respectively, and the development time, stability time, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, extensibility, and maximum resistance were decreased by 5.3%-23.2%, 8.5%-51.1%, 2.0%-13.3%, 4.5%-18.1%, 4.6%-12.2% and 3.3%-10.6%, respectively. With the increase of N rate, wheat yield firstly increased and then decreased and wheat protein yield firstly increased and then stabilized under I0, while wheat yield firstly increased and then stabilized and wheat protein yield gradually increased under I1, however, the wheat quality indicators mostly tended to increase firstly and then stabilized under both I0 and I1. There were no significant differences between N240 and N180 for most quality indicators, but most of them were significantly higher than N120. The quality indicators of wheat grain under N120 were also significantly higher than that under N0. Considering the interaction effect, irrigation levels and N managements had significant interaction effects on yield and protein yield, but there was no interaction effect on most quality indicators. The grain yield under I1N180 did not change significantly but the protein yield was significantly decreased by 3.9%-4.9% compared with I1N240, however, both the grain yield and protein yield under I1N180 were significantly increased compared with other treatments. Although the content of protein and protein components and the processing quality in wheat grain under I1N180 were significantly lower than that under I0N180 and I0N240, these quality indicators were not significantly lower than that under I1N240. 【Conclusion】 The soil-moisture-based one-off irrigation after regreening combined with the N rate of 180 kg·hm^-2 and 50% N topdressing along with irrigation (I1N180) could synchronously improve the grain yield and stabilize the grain quality in dryland wheat. Therefore, I1N180 was suitable for wheat production in the dryland area, where one-off irrigation was guaranteed due to High-Standard Farmland Construction Program.

Key words: one-off irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer management, dryland, winter wheat, grain yield, quality

WANG RongRong, XU NingLu, HUANG XiuLi, ZHAO KaiNan, HUANG Ming, WANG HeZheng, FU GuoZhan, WU JinZhi, LI YouJun. Effects of One-Off Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Grain Yield and Quality in Dryland Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 43-57.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Effects of different treatments on content of protein and protein components of wheat grain in dryland"

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	粗蛋白含量 Protein content (%)			清蛋白含量 Albumin content (%)			球蛋白含量 Globulin content (%)			醇溶蛋白含量 Gliadin content (%)			谷蛋白含量 Glutenin content (%)
年度 Year	处理 Treatment	MJ	YC	LN	MJ	YC	LN	MJ	YC	LN	MJ	YC	LN	MJ	YC	LN
2020—2021	I0N0	11.67cd	13.50b	11.01b	1.96bc	1.88a	1.73bc	1.66a	0.77b	1.22b	2.88a	3.45ab	2.55b	3.76c	4.02cd	4.12a
	I0N120	12.47abc	13.61b	11.62b	2.17ab	1.92a	1.96ab	1.71a	1.09ab	1.44ab	2.95a	3.48a	3.14a	4.05abc	4.2abc	4.27a
	I0N180	12.91ab	13.83ab	11.66b	2.33a	1.98a	2.04a	1.84a	1.33a	1.53a	3.26a	3.60a	3.19a	4.16ab	4.34ab	4.30a
	I0N240	12.96a	14.37a	12.41a	2.20ab	1.83a	2.04a	1.73a	1.25ab	1.49a	3.21a	3.64a	3.21a	4.20a	4.39a	4.36a
	I1N0	9.72e	11.80d	10.10c	1.84c	1.86a	1.68c	1.32b	1.18ab	1.31ab	2.84a	2.85d	2.00c	3.25d	3.58e	3.34b
	I1N120	11.40d	12.33cd	10.24c	2.03bc	1.63a	1.77bc	1.63a	1.04ab	1.22b	2.97a	3.05cd	2.47b	3.81bc	3.76de	3.73ab
	I1N180	11.79cd	12.53c	11.50b	2.10abc	2.03a	1.93ab	1.78a	1.29a	1.36ab	3.10a	3.17c	2.58b	3.91abc	3.96cd	3.97ab
	I1N240	12.07bcd	12.72c	11.66b	1.84c	1.66a	2.02a	1.81a	1.31a	1.35ab	3.12a	3.19bc	2.64b	4.01abc	4.10bc	3.93ab
2021—2022	I0N0	9.54e	10.75c	9.44d	1.79bcd	1.75a	1.74bc	1.53c	1.50abcd	1.44cd	2.59e	3.04ab	2.57cd	3.40c	3.50e	3.47abcd
	I0N120	11.34d	11.02c	11.13bc	1.85abc	1.98a	1.91ab	1.81ab	1.69abc	1.55abc	2.96bc	3.12a	2.95ab	4.05ab	3.91abc	3.60abc
	I0N180	11.44cd	11.90b	11.48abc	2.12a	2.07a	1.96a	1.93a	1.75a	1.64ab	3.08ab	3.14a	3.13a	4.17ab	4.16a	3.71ab
	I0N240	11.98bc	11.87b	11.76ab	2.04abc	2.10a	1.97a	1.89a	1.72ab	1.66a	3.10a	3.16a	3.14a	4.21a	4.11ab	3.73a
	I1N0	9.49e	10.47c	9.11d	1.52d	1.67a	1.70c	1.07d	1.35d	1.27e	2.42f	2.47d	2.26d	3.26c	3.09f	3.25d
	I1N120	11.52cd	11.76b	10.91c	1.76cd	1.60a	1.75bc	1.71b	1.47cd	1.39de	2.78d	2.69cd	2.53cd	3.47c	3.55de	3.34cd
	I1N180	12.42ab	11.86b	11.97a	2.07ab	1.76a	1.82abc	1.86ab	1.38d	1.50cd	2.84cd	2.83bc	2.69bc	3.86b	3.80cd	3.40cd
	I1N240	12.86a	12.62a	11.83ab	1.91abc	1.89a	2.00a	1.89a	1.48bcd	1.51bcd	2.88cd	2.91abc	2.64bc	4.01ab	3.85bc	3.43bcd
F-value	试验年度Y	53.69*	671.29**	2.94	11.41	0.01	0.98	0.47	51.35*	14.05	4.56	299.16**	6.81	4.37	201.50**	17.63
	灌溉水平I	27.21**	41.14**	8.85*	9.75*	22.01**	14.05*	29.68**	2.03	19.29*	3.64	52.58**	118.13**	16.69*	65.90**	7.43
	氮肥运筹N	67.91**	21.21**	51.13**	10.18**	0.74	11.55**	32.84**	2.68	8.77**	6.11**	8.65**	22.94**	34.47**	33.44**	3.52*
	Y*I	144.84**	91.36**	8.86*	0.52	3.16	0.04	0.97	10.21*	0.62	0.92	0.53	3.66	0.00	0.18	0.71
	Y*N	3.25*	2.21	7.02**	1.42	0.86	0.39	3.94*	0.70	0.24	0.55	0.07	0.69	0.84	2.47	0.38
	I*N	3.23*	1.74	2.82	0.40	0.40	1.10	6.60**	1.11	1.07	0.13	1.64	0.22	0.70	0.55	0.23
	YIN	0.49	1.29	0.26	0.76	0.14	0.04	0.13	0.35	1.28	0.03	0.33	0.14	1.90	0.03	0.57

Table 5

Table 6

Effects of different treatments on processing quality of wheat grain in dryland"

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	形成时间 Development time (min)			稳定时间 Stability time (min)			湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content (%)			沉降值 Sedimentation value (ml)			延伸性 Extensibility (mm)			最大阻力 Maximum resistance (BU)
年度 Year	处理 Treatment	MJ	YC	LN	MJ	YC	LN	MJ	YC	LN	MJ	YC	LN	MJ	YC	LN	MJ	YC	LN
2020—2021	I0N0	2.48c	5.97ab	4.20c	4.20b	6.55b	5.04bc	31.0b	35.2a	26.4bc	29.9ab	38.8ab	25.7c	171.5a	179.2ab	136.6c	479.0ab	409.9a	500.6bc
	I0N120	3.48a	6.06ab	5.00b	4.88a	7.10a	5.29ab	31.5ab	35.9a	29.1ab	30.4a	40.0ab	30.9ab	172.8a	182.8a	155.3ab	484.8a	420.5a	531.4ab
	I0N180	3.68a	6.17ab	5.48ab	4.93a	7.15a	5.50a	31.7ab	36.1a	30.8a	30.6a	40.4ab	31.4ab	173.9a	183.1a	160.2ab	486.4a	425.9a	539.1ab
	I0N240	3.71a	6.22a	5.52a	5.03a	7.16a	5.55a	32.5a	36.6a	30.8a	30.4a	40.9a	31.6a	174.0a	183.0a	161.8a	487.2a	426.6a	534.8ab
	I1N0	2.26c	4.43d	2.94d	3.36c	5.61c	3.66e	25.2d	31.4c	23.7c	20.5d	30.6c	19.8d	142.8d	173.4ab	115.2d	405.9d	362.9b	461.7c
	I1N120	2.91b	4.62d	5.18ab	4.11b	6.61b	4.53d	28.3c	32.8bc	29.3a	26.7c	30.6c	28.8b	159.7c	169.9b	153.4b	435.8c	387.2ab	560.6a
	I1N180	3.10b	5.40c	5.28ab	4.27b	6.79ab	4.74cd	28.9c	33.0bc	29.7a	27.7bc	37.2b	30.1ab	160.5c	171.3b	154.2b	453.9bc	398.4ab	521.0ab
	I1N240	3.14b	5.86b	5.33ab	4.45b	6.77ab	4.92bcd	29.5c	33.2b	30.8a	27.8bc	38.9ab	30.2ab	165.8b	171.7b	157.2ab	459.1bc	405.3a	495.3bc
2021—2022	I0N0	2.87abc	3.33c	3.33c	3.34b	5.27a	5.27a	21.2e	22.7b	22.7b	18.2d	16.6b	16.6b	112.3de	124.3c	124.31c	365.3a	360.0abc	360.0abc
	I0N120	3.00ab	4.13ab	4.13ab	4.34a	5.41a	5.41a	27.2c	26.1a	26.1a	22.0bc	19.9a	19.9a	130.7ab	132.3ab	132.3ab	379.8a	376.7ab	376.7ab
	I0N180	3.10a	4.20ab	4.20ab	4.44a	5.53a	5.53a	29.7ab	26.2a	26.2a	23.3ab	20.8a	20.8a	133.7a	134.4a	134.4a	389.9a	393.0a	393.0a
	I0N240	3.12a	4.44a	4.44a	4.45a	5.54a	5.54a	30.2a	26.2a	26.2a	23.8a	21.8a	21.8a	134.3a	134.2a	134.2a	391.0a	395.3a	395.3a
	I1N0	2.16e	2.85d	2.85d	2.45c	4.65a	4.65a	21.2e	21.8b	21.8b	11.2e	15.9b	15.9b	109.1e	111.5d	111.5d	322.7b	331.6c	331.6c
	I1N120	2.36de	3.98b	3.98b	2.43c	4.64a	4.64a	25.4d	25.5a	25.5a	20.8c	19.4a	19.4a	118.4cd	127.5bc	127.5bc	359.6ab	347.1bc	347.1bc
	I1N180	2.58cd	4.15ab	4.15ab	2.96b	4.81a	4.81a	28.4bc	25.7a	25.7a	22.8ab	20.1a	20.1a	122.8c	131.2ab	131.2ab	366.2a	369.1ab	369.1ab
	I1N240	2.71bc	4.31ab	4.31ab	3.13b	5.06abcd	5.06a	28.7b	26.2a	26.2a	23.7a	20.3ab	20.3a	124.7bc	132.3ab	132.3ab	378.2a	370.7abc	370.7ab
F-value	试验年度Y	32.7*	1671.5**	68.3*	108.0**	371.1**	12.5*	247.4**	473.5**	97.3*	1520.9**	4749.3**	13162.0**	5099.8**	9423.0**	77.6*	334.9**	25.9*	105.9**
	灌溉水平I	71.3**	183.7**	9.4*	201.0**	11.1*	47.9**	346.4**	151.8**	3.6	122.8**	44.0**	13.7*	303.7**	38.9**	15.9*	63.5**	20.8*	48.7**
	氮肥运筹N	38.7**	48.6**	68.7**	44.9**	6.0**	11.2**	104.5**	24.1**	24.6**	70.1**	19.7**	34.0**	49.5**	7.3**	31.3**	8.2**	5.8**	4.5*
	Y*I	0.4	82.5**	0.3	21.3*	0.1	47.9**	91.8**	82.5**	3.6	16.1*	24.0**	13.7*	23.2**	3.3	15.9*	5.56	0.2	8.9*
	Y*N	10.1**	6.7**	2.1	0.7*	2.2	11.2**	27.8**	5.6**	24.6**	9.7**	2.1	35.0**	2.6	5.8**	31.3**	0.1	0.2	2.0
	I*N	0.4	7.1*	2.0	2.8	0.4	0.8	0.6	0.3	0.7	19.9**	2.8	0.4	2.1	0.2	0.3	2.1	0.3	0.9
	YIN	1.8	3.1*	3.6*	3.4*	0.4	1.5	4.7*	0.1	0.3	0.0	4.0*	1.9	9.8**	2.0	3.0	0.2	0.1	1.0

Table 6

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试验地点 Experimental site	土层 Soil layer (cm)	土壤养分含量 Soil nutrients content				pH	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field capacity (%)
试验地点 Experimental site	土层 Soil layer (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	pH	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field capacity (%)
孟津 Mengjin	0—20	14.7	1.11	9.0	139.6	7.57	1.35	27.4
孟津 Mengjin	20—40	10.0	0.89	2.5	107.4	7.40	1.35	27.4
伊川 Yichuan	0—20	12.4	1.08	12.7	177.1	7.97	1.40	26.0
伊川 Yichuan	20—40	8.9	0.77	3.2	139.0	7.91	1.40	26.0
洛宁 Luoning	0—20	13.2	0.83	5.9	91.5	7.98	1.26	25.3
洛宁 Luoning	20—40	9.2	0.69	1.6	75.6	7.82	1.26	25.3

年度 Year	试验地点 Experimental site	灌溉量 Irrigation amount (mm)	播种量 Seeding rate (kg·hm^-2)	灌溉日期 Irrigation date	播种日期 Sowing date	收获日期 Harvest date
2020-2021	孟津Mengjin	46.3	187.5	2021-02-23	2020-10-21	2021-06-03
	伊川Yichuan	42.1	187.5	2021-02-23	2020-10-18	2021-05-30
	洛宁Luoning	41.3	187.5	2021-02-21	2020-10-15	2021-06-05
2021-2022	孟津Mengjin	41.4	225.0	2022-03-01	2021-11-02	2022-06-07
	伊川Yichuan	38.3	225.0	2022-03-04	2021-10-25	2022-06-02
	洛宁Luoning	38.1	225.0	2022-03-05	2021-10-28	2022-06-06

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	孟津 Mengjin		伊川 Yichuan		洛宁 Luoning		均值 Average
年度 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	蛋白质产量 Protein yield (kg·hm^-2)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	蛋白质产量 Protein yield (kg·hm^-2)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	蛋白质产量 Protein yield (kg·hm^-2)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	蛋白质产量 Protein yield (kg·hm^-2)
2020—2021	I0N0	3468f	405.2g	2779f	375.1g	3424f	377.2e	3224e	385.8g
	I0N120	4430e	552.1f	4067e	553.3f	4762d	553.5c	4419d	553.0f
	I0N180	4833d	623.3de	4586d	634.4e	5516c	642.2b	4978c	633.3d
	I0N240	4561e	590.9e	4315e	620.8e	5325c	661.2b	4733d	624.3de
	I1N0	6581c	640.1d	5977c	705.5d	4170e	421.1d	5576c	588.9e
	I1N120	7543b	859.8c	6944b	856.7c	6561b	671.7b	7016b	796.1c
	I1N180	8087a	953.3b	7592a	951.4b	8053a	926.8a	7911a	943.8b
	I1N240	8262a	997.5a	7762a	986.7a	8200a	956.5a	8075a	980.2a
2021—2022	I0N0	4759e	453.9g	4799e	515.9g	5339f	503.5d	4966c	491.1f
	I0N120	5237d	593.9e	5476cd	603.4e	7192d	800.4c	5969c	665.9e
	I0N180	6172c	706.2d	5600c	666.4d	7663c	879.7b	6479b	750.7d
	I0N240	5919c	709.3d	5300d	629.0e	7575c	890.7b	6265b	743.0d
	I1N0	5478d	519.3f	5428cd	568.1f	5707e	520.1d	5538c	535.8f
	I1N120	7236b	833.7c	6144b	723.3c	8118b	885.9b	7166a	814.3c
	I1N180	7533a	935.7b	6849a	812.3b	8525a	1020.4a	7636a	922.8b
	I1N240	7653a	984.0a	6979a	880.1a	8787a	1039.3a	7806a	967.8a
F-value	试验年度Y	146.6**	11.0	368.9**	88.4*	553.3**	153.8**	203.2**	35.0*
	灌溉水平I	2041.6**	2929.6**	3433.5**	806.1**	598.7**	117.5**	198.4**	993.3**
	氮肥运筹N	365.6**	346.5**	215.5**	147.3**	568.6**	358.8**	81.6**	390.5**
	Y*I	307.2**	148.3**	843.6**	126.7**	98.4**	11.3*	23.1*	126.1**
	Y*N	3.2*	6.0**	10.8**	2.0	7.8**	5.4**	0.3	1.3
	I*N	20.7**	26.2**	15.2**	8.1**	33.0**	19.3**	7.3**	25.5**
	YIN	12.1**	1.9	4.9**	3.5*	8.3**	2.5	3.5*	1.1

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	锌含量 Zn concentration (mg·kg^-1)
年度 Year	处理 Treatment	孟津 Mengjin	伊川 Yichuan	洛宁 Luoning	均值 Average
2020—2021	I0N0	22.21cd	49.42a	21.67bc	31.10c
	I0N120	30.22b	42.78bcd	26.11ab	33.04bc
	I0N180	38.86a	46.13abc	28.33a	37.77a
	I0N240	37.99a	49.01ab	27.22a	38.07a
	I1N0	18.32d	31.99e	19.45c	23.25e
	I1N120	24.45c	37.23de	21.66bc	27.78d
	I1N180	37.66a	41.63cd	23.90abc	34.40bc
	I1N240	37.98a	40.56cd	27.23a	35.26b
2021—2022	I0N0	21.21cd	17.82a	22.25a	20.42bcd
	I0N120	24.96abc	20.01a	20.01a	21.66bc
	I0N180	26.12ab	24.37a	24.48a	24.99a
	I0N240	27.04a	23.28a	24.47a	24.93a
	I1N0	19.98d	17.80a	18.86a	18.88d
	I1N120	22.04bcd	17.78a	19.95a	19.92cd
	I1N180	25.54abc	24.47a	20.00a	23.34ab
	I1N240	25.69abc	25.59a	24.45a	25.24a
F-value	试验年度Y	22.73*	2925.64**	0.89	83.39*
	灌溉水平I	15.01*	25.12**	11.23*	67.95**
	氮肥运筹N	43.68**	5.40**	2.64	36.91**
	Y*I	1.20	25.58**	0.31	28.42**
	Y*N	12.90**	0.34	0.40	3.40*
	I*N	0.99	1.36	0.40	2.37
	YIN	0.33	1.67	0.18	0.64

Effects of One-Off Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Grain Yield and Quality in Dryland Wheat

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