麦后复种绿肥及配施不同水平氮肥对小麦产量、品质及氮素利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.17.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Aiming at the problems of large nitrogen input, single fertilizer source, low nitrogen utilization rate, and poor quality of wheat in spring wheat cultivation in Hexi areas of Gansu Province, the objective of this study is to explore the effects of suitable green manure and reduced nitrogen fertilizer cultivation techniques on grain yield and quality, and nitrogen absorption and utilization of spring wheat, and to provide a theoretical basis for high yield, high quality, and green production of wheat in Hexi irrigation areas. 【Method】 A split plot experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in the Hexi oasis irrigation areas of Gansu Province. Two cropping patterns of multiple green manure after wheat (W-G) and sole wheat (W) were set in the main plot. There were five N fertilizer levels in the sub-plot: 100% of conventional N fertilizer by the farmer (180 kg·hm^-2, N₄), 85% of conventional N fertilizer (N₃), 70% of conventional N fertilizer (N₂), 55% of conventional N fertilizer (N₁), and no N fertilizer (N₀). 【Result】 Multiple green manure after wheat combined with 85% N application (W-G-N₃) was effectively increased wheat grain yield and biomass. The grain yield of W-G-N₃ was increased by 16.7%-18.4% and 13.6%-34.4%, respectively, compared with the 85% N application (W-N₃) and conventional N application (W-N₄) treatments for the sole wheat. The biomass of W-G-N₃was increased by 11.3% (2020) and 5.2%-11.6% (2020 to 2021), respectively, compared with the W-N₃and W-N₄ treatments. The increase of grain yield was greater than that of biomass, thus, the W-G-N₃ treatment had higher harvest index, which was 4.9%-15.9% and 8.0%-20.5% higher than that of W-N₃ and W-N₄ treatments. Meanwhile, the W-G-N₃ treatment improved grain quality of wheat by increasing protein content, sedimentation value, and wet gluten content, among which, the protein content, sedimentation value, and wet gluten content of W-G-N₃ were increased by 12.3%-16.1%, 28.7%-47.2%, and 10.7%-11.1%, respectively, compared with W-N₃; The protein content of W-G-N₃ was increased by 8.9%-12.4% compared with W-N₄, but the differences in sedimentation value and wet gluten content between W-G-N₃ and W-N₄ were not significant. In addition, the W-G-N₃ treatment was beneficial to promote nitrogen uptake and conversion to grain yield in wheat compared with W-N₃ and W-N₄ treatments, in which the N uptake was increased by 42.2%-58.9% and 35.2%-45.0%, N use efficiency was increased by 12.0%-20.6% and 5.9%-20.4%, respectively, and N partial factor productivity was increased by 3.6%-18.3% and 28.1%-58.1%, respectively. The W-G-N₃ treatment could compensate for the reduction of N agronomic efficiency, which was 74.2%-80.0% higher than W-G-N₄ treatment. The correlation analysis showed that multiple green manure after wheat combined with moderate reduction of N fertilizer increased grain yield by promoting efficient nitrogen uptake and utilization, and also significantly improved grain nutritional quality. 【Conclusion】 The combination of multiple green manure after wheat with 85% (153 kg·hm^-2) nitrogen application is the suitable cropping pattern and nitrogen application level to boost wheat yield, improve wheat grain quality, and increase nitrogen use efficiency in Hexi oasis irrigated areas.

Key words: green manure returning to field, nitrogen application level, grain yield, nutritional quality, nitrogen utilization

ZHANG WenXia, LI Pan, YIN Wen, CHEN GuiPing, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, FAN Hong, HE Wei. Effects of Multiple Green Manure After Wheat Combined with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization on Wheat Yield, Grain Quality, and Nitrogen Utilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(17): 3317-3330.

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年份 Year	种植模式 Cropping pattern	施氮水平 N fertilizer level	灰分含量 Ash content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content (%)	淀粉含量 Starch content (%)	降落数值s Falling number	硬度 Hardness	容重 Volume weight (g·L^-1)	沉降值 Sedimentation value (mL)
2020	W-G	N₀	0.480e	10.91e	23.16de	63.17d	274e	45.50e	820bc	10.31e
		N₁	0.500b	11.59d	25.12c	63.46cd	308a	49.93b	835a	12.02cd
		N₂	0.490cd	11.62d	25.32c	63.20d	288c	51.06b	812c	12.78c
		N₃	0.527a	14.36a	28.38b	62.15e	279d	56.21a	815c	19.08a
		N₄	0.497bc	11.56d	25.20c	63.18d	292b	49.33bc	818c	12.47c
	W	N₀	0.487de	10.87e	22.90e	63.93b	270f	47.92cd	817c	11.60d
		N₁	0.480e	10.51f	22.32e	63.71bc	292b	47.35d	824b	10.83e
		N₂	0.493bcd	10.87e	23.80d	64.48a	281d	44.39e	835a	10.28e
		N₃	0.527a	12.79c	25.64c	62.44e	287c	54.96a	817c	14.83b
		N₄	0.533a	13.10b	29.44a	62.32e	247g	55.53a	798d	18.68a
2021	W-G	N₀	0.462e	10.16d	21.16de	63.98ab	229b	42.76e	804ab	8.08d
		N₁	0.490c	10.74bcd	22.78cde	63.77ab	235ab	44.16de	800ab	8.53cd
		N₂	0.500b	11.49bc	24.43bcd	63.23abc	235ab	45.74cde	801ab	12.68b
		N₃	0.502b	13.56a	29.70a	62.77bc	210c	48.58bc	794bc	13.69b
		N₄	0.511a	11.75b	25.56bc	61.88c	238ab	50.28b	789c	17.42a
	W	N₀	0.471d	9.99de	20.78e	64.58a	225bc	41.96e	803ab	5.66e
		N₁	0.489c	10.50cd	22.10de	63.22abc	251a	42.27e	801ab	7.41de
		N₂	0.471d	9.72e	20.35e	63.93ab	234ab	47.14bcd	807a	8.61cd
		N₃	0.500b	11.68b	26.73ab	63.53ab	220bc	48.41bc	800ab	9.30cd
		N₄	0.510a	11.42bc	22.60cde	61.80c	233ab	54.78a	780d	10.48c
显著性（P值）Significance (P value)
种植模式Cropping pattern (C)			NS	**	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	**
施氮水平N application level (N)			**	**	**	NS	NS	**	NS	**
种植模式×施氮水平C×N			**	**	NS	NS	NS	**	NS	NS

	籽粒产量 GY	硬度 H	蛋白质含量PC	灰分含量 AC	沉降值 SV	湿面筋含量 WGC	植株吸氮量 NU	氮肥利用率 NUE	氮肥偏生产力 NPFP
硬度H	0.628**
蛋白质含量PC	0.757**	0.724**
灰分含量AC	0.668**	0.797**	0.825**
沉降值SV	0.682**	0.785**	0.797**	0.801**
湿面筋含量WGC	0.759**	0.692**	0.963**	0.797**	0.781**
植株吸氮量NU	0.807**	0.407**	0.568**	0.444**	0.562**	0.527**
氮肥利用率NUE	0.730**	0.295*	0.450**	0.411**	0.384**	0.424**	0.631**
氮肥偏生产力NPFP	0.142	-0.387**	-0.107	-0.240	-0.246	-0.059	0.045	0.299*
氮肥农学效率NAE	0.063	0.295*	0.175	0.227	-0.024	0.214	-0.429**	0.098	-0.297*

Effects of Multiple Green Manure After Wheat Combined with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization on Wheat Yield, Grain Quality, and Nitrogen Utilization

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