不同油菜品种及栽培措施对收获指数的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.17.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the relationship between harvest index (HI) and dry weight of different organs such as silique wall and seed yield at maturity stage under different rapeseed varieties and cultivation measures, analyze the effects of breeding age, plant height and winter characteristics of rapeseed varieties on HI, and to provide the references for breeding high-yield and high-efficiency rapeseed varieties and coordination and optimization of cultivation measures. 【Method】 Taking 60 rapeseed varieties with different breeding ages, plant heights and winter characteristics popularized in the Yangtze River Basin in recent years as experimental materials, field tests were conducted in Hubei and Guizhou provinces in 2016-2017. In 2017-2020, combinations of different agronomic measures such as sowing date, fertility level, planting density and row spacing configuration were designed, and field experiments were carried out in Bijiang, Sinan and Jiangkou, Guizhou, yield and dry weight of each part were measured after sampling at maturity stage of rapeseed, and harvest index was calculated and analyzed. 【Result】 The difference of HI among different rapeseed varieties was up to 367%, and the difference of HI among different agronomic cultivation measures was 52%-117%. For each 0.1 increase in HI of different rapeseed varieties, seed yield increased by 305 and 385 kg·hm^-2 at two experimental sites, respectively. With the optimization of different agronomic measures, seed yield increased with the increase of rapeseed HI. For every 0.1 increase in HI, seed yield increased by 505-1 690 kg·hm^-2. Under different varieties and cultivation measures, HI was positively correlated with seed yield of main stem, seed yield of branch and aboveground biomass yield. There was a positive correlation between HI and pod dry weight for different optimized cultivation measures. However, there was no consistent correlation between HI and main stem dry weight of rapeseed under different varieties and cultivation measures. There was a significant difference in HI between rapeseed varieties bred before 2010 and after 2015; the HI of rapeseed varieties with plant height less than 170 cm was relatively high, and the HI of higher plant height varieties was significantly less than that of short and medium plant height varieties. There was no significant difference in HI among weak winter, semi-winter and winter rapeseed varieties. 【Conclusion】 Different rapeseed varieties and agronomic measures had significant effects on HI. Varieties with high HI could be selected and popularized. The HI of field crop population should be appropriately increased through optimized and integrated cultivation technology and agronomic measures. Seed yield should be improved through the coordination of good varieties and good measures. In recent years, the HI of rapeseed variety bred and popularized in the Yangtze River basin had been significantly affected by its breeding age and plant height, while the difference in wintering among varieties has no significant impact on HI.

Key words: rapeseed, variety, cultivation measure, harvest index (HI)

PENG WenLi, WANG Rui, CHEN XiaoLei, LIU AHui, ZHENG WeiDong. Effects of Varied Rapeseed Varieties and Cultivation Measures on Harvest Index[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(17): 3331-3346.

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References 33

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年份 Year	地点 Site	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
2016	湖北武汉Wuhan, Hubei	14.68	1.01	21.21	110.63
2016	贵州碧江Bijiang, Guizhou	30.52	1.38	11.73	71.54
2017	贵州碧江Bijiang, Guizhou	30.22	1.05	14.12	64.21
2018	贵州碧江Bijiang, Guizhou	29.56	0.98	13.78	62.80
2019	贵州碧江Bijiang, Guizhou	30.25	1.28	14.33	64.27
	贵州思南Sinan, Guizhou	28.19	0.78	12.95	68.63
	贵州江口Jiangkou, Guizhou	44.90	1.92	20.81	95.40

处理Treatment	氮肥Nitrogen (N)	磷肥Phosphate (P₂O₅)	钾肥Potassium (K₂O)	硼肥Borax (Boron)
低肥力Low fertilizer input	90	45	75	7.5
中等肥力Medium fertilizer input	180	90	150	7.5
高肥力High fertilizer input	270	135	225	7.5

Effects of Varied Rapeseed Varieties and Cultivation Measures on Harvest Index

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