基于生态和社会效益优化黑土区高产玉米氮肥施用量

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.11.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate for maize, by considering ecological and social benefits in combination with agricultural and economic benefits, was studied to promote the sustainable and green maize production in black soil region, and further to realize the multiple goals including higher yield, higher resource use efficiency, improved environment and human health.【Method】Two field experiments were conducted at San-ke-shu (SKS) and Quan-yan-gou (QYG) in typical black soil region from 2017 to 2020, to study the effects of different N fertilizer (urea) rates (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 kg N·hm^-2) on maize yield, N uptake and N recovery efficiency (NUE), and further to evaluate the agronomic, economic, ecological and social benefits (N-derived gross caused by N application, private benefits of removed the N fertilizer cost, ecological benefits of removed environmental pollution cost such as active nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emission, and social benefit of removed human health harm cost caused by environmental pollution, respectively) in different N rates by using life cycle assessment and comprehensive benefits analysis. The agronomically optimal N rate (AOR), privately optimal N rate (POR), ecologically optimal N rate (EOR) and socially optimal N rate (SOR) were calculated to evaluate the integrated benefits and determine the optimal N fertilizer rate for maize in black soil region. 【Result】 Maize grain yields were significantly affected by N rates, which increased continuously with increasing N input and reached the yield plateau under 200 kg N·hm^-2 treatment at both two experimental sites. Under this N rate, the average yields were 10.3 and 11.1 t·hm^-2 at SKS and QYG across four experimental years, respectively. The N uptake of maize plants also showed increased trends with increasing N rates, and the highest value in 200 kg N·hm^-2 treatment at SKS and QYG (151.9, 161.8 kg N·hm^-2, respectively). The NUE of maize showed the highest values in 100 kg N·hm^-2 treatment at both two experimental sites, the averages were 70.3% and 72.2%, respectively; and then, decreased with increasing N rates. Based on 4-year results, the ecological and social costs caused by N fertilizer input increased exponentially with the increase of N application rate. The N-derived gross, private benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits of maize increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of N application rate. Based on the curve fitting calculation, the AOR, POR, EOR and SOR were estimated as 236, 225, 215 and 211 kg N·hm^-2 at SKS, respectively, and which were 245, 235, 225 and 221 kg N·hm^-2 at QYG, respectively. Under AOR condition, maize yields of 10.6 and 11.4 t·hm^-2, the Nr losses of 44.4 and 46.8 kg N·hm^-2 were obtained at SKS and QYG, respectively, while their ecological benefits were 8 786 and 10 271 yuan/hm², and social benefits were 8 351 and 9 822 yuan/hm², respectively. Compared with AOR, by reducing N inputs by 8.8% and 7.9% at SKS and QYG, respectively, EOR increased partial factor productivity from applied N by 9.1% and 8.1%, respectively, while reducing Nr losses by 11.7% and 11.0%, respectively. Compared with EOR, SOR further reduced N inputs by 10.6% and 9.6% at SKS and QYG, respectively, thus reduced Nr losses by 14.0% and 13.1%, respectively, while increasing social benefits by 124 and 119 yuan/hm², respectively. 【Conclusion】Based on the comprehensive consideration with ecological and social benefits, the optimal N fertilizer rate was determined as 210-220 kg N·hm^-2 for maize with yield of 10.5-12.0 t·hm^-2, it was suggested that the optimal application of ecological or social benefits should be recommended for maize nutrient management in black soil area, which could synergistically achieve the multiple goals for higher yields and NUE, improved ecological environment and human health.

Key words: black soil region, maize, optimal N rate, ecological benefit, social benefit, life cycle assessment

ZHENG ChunYu, SHA ShanYi, ZHU Lin, WANG ShaoJie, FENG GuoZhong, GAO Qiang, WANG Yin. Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate for High-Yield Maize in Black Soil Region Based on Ecological and Social Benefits[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(11): 2129-2140.

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References 36

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地点 Site	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 NH₄OAc-K (mg·kg^-1)
三棵树 SKS	124°08′ E, 43°19′ N	5.4	19.2	115.3	27.6	145.7
泉眼沟 QYG	124°26′ E, 43°17′ N	5.2	14.4	89.5	37.2	164.4

地点 Site	施氮量 N fertilizer rates (kg N·hm^-2)	增加产量 N-derived yield (kg·hm^-2)	产值增量 N-derived gross (yuan/hm²)	氮肥成本 N costs (yuan/hm²)	利润增量 Private benefits (yuan/hm²)	生态成本 Ecological costs (yuan/hm²)	生态效益 Ecological benefits (yuan/hm²)	社会成本 Social costs (yuan/hm²)	社会效益 Social benefits (yuan/hm²)
三棵树 SKS	0	0	0	0	0	103	0	166	0
	50	2367	3550	200	3350	444	3106	582	2969
	100	5272	7908	400	7508	793	7116	1007	6901
	150	6078	9117	600	8517	1153	7964	1446	7671
	200	6758	10138	800	9338	1531	8607	1905	8233
	250	6801	10201	1000	9201	1933	8268	2392	7809
	300	6735	10102	1200	8902	2372	7729	2921	7180
泉眼沟 QYG	0	0	0	0	0	103	0	166	0
	50	2643	3964	200	3764	444	3521	582	3383
	100	5747	8621	400	8221	793	7828	1007	7614
	150	6857	10285	600	9685	1153	9132	1446	8839
	200	7812	11719	800	10919	1531	10188	1905	9814
	250	7777	11665	1000	10665	1933	9732	2392	9274
	300	7891	11836	1200	10636	2372	9464	2921	8915

地点 Site	效益目标 Benefits item	施氮量 N fertilizer rate (kg N·hm^-2)	产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	氮肥偏生产力 PFP-N (kg·kg^-1)	活性氮损失Nr loss
地点 Site	效益目标 Benefits item	施氮量 N fertilizer rate (kg N·hm^-2)	产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	氮肥偏生产力 PFP-N (kg·kg^-1)	N₂O-N (kg·hm^-2)	NO₃-N (kg·hm^-2)	NH₃-N (kg·hm^-2)	总损失 Total loss (kg·hm^-2)
三棵树 SKS	AOR	236	10609	45.0	1.52	24.0	19.0	44.4
	POR	225	10595	47.0	1.45	22.0	18.2	41.7
	EOR	215	10554	49.1	1.39	20.3	17.5	39.2
	SOR	211	10530	49.9	1.37	19.6	17.2	38.2
泉眼沟 QYG	AOR	245	11358	46.4	1.57	25.7	19.6	46.8
	POR	235	11345	48.3	1.51	23.7	18.9	44.1
	EOR	225	11307	50.2	1.45	22.0	18.2	41.7
	SOR	221	11284	51.0	1.43	21.3	18.0	40.7

地点 Site	效益目标 Benefits item	施氮量 N fertilizer rate (kg N·hm^-2)	产值增量 N-derived gross (yuan/hm²)	利润增量 Private benefit (yuan/hm²)	生态效益 Ecological benefit (yuan/hm²)	社会效益 Social benefit (yuan/hm²)
三棵树 SKS	AOR	236	10602	9658	8786	8351
	POR	225	10581	9679	8850	8433
	EOR	215	10520	9659	8870	8471
	SOR	211	10483	9639	8867	8475
泉眼沟 QYG	AOR	245	12159	11181	10271	9822
	POR	235	12139	11200	10332	9900
	EOR	225	12082	11182	10353	9937
	SOR	221	12048	11163	10350	9941

Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate for High-Yield Maize in Black Soil Region Based on Ecological and Social Benefits

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