叶面喷施硒与土壤水分耦合对番茄产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Both exogenous selenium and soil moisture can affect crop growth and quality properties. It is very important to clarify the influences of exogenous selenium coupled with soil moisture on the tomato yield and quality, which maybe provide a theoretical basis on the water use for production of selenium-enriched tomato. 【Method】Three foliar-spraying selenium concentrations, such as 0 (S₀), 5 (S₅) and 10 mg·L^-1 (S₁₀), were considered with sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) as the selenium source by using pot experiment in this paper. Each selenium concentration was associated with two irrigation levels, which were scheduled to irrigate the crop as soon as the soil water moisture decreased to 50% (W₁) and 75% (W₂) of the field capacity, respectively. The effects of the different treatments on the selenium content, plant growth, yield and quality of tomato were studied.【Result】The different soil moistures had no significant impact on the selenium contents in soil, leaf and fruit (P>0.05). Although the different selenium concentrations had no marked influence on the soil selenium content for each irrigation level, the increasing selenium concentration led to an significant (P<0.01) increase in selenium content of leaves and fruits. Compared with S₀ over the two irrigation levels, selenium-treated fruits increased the average selenium content with 2-4 fold. Drought stress significantly reduced plant height and stem diameter. The foliar-spraying selenium moderately alleviated the inhibition effect on plant height when crop suffered drought stress, whlie no significant effect was found on stem diameter. The drought stress gave a significant reduction in yield by 39.5% compared with the sufficient soil water applied. The foliar-spraying selenium had an increase in fruit number, but tended to decrease fruit weight under the drought stress conditions, thus no noticeable difference in yield was investigated between different foliar-spraying selenium. Compared with the sufficient soil water applied, the drought stress gave a significant increase in soluble sugar (SSC), organic acid (OA), vitamin C, and total soluble solid content (TSS) by 28.7%, 24.3%, 18.7%, and 24.0%, respectively. The foliar-spraying selenium improved SSC, whereas there was no noticeable difference in SSC between different selenium concentrations when the soil moisture was the same. Foliar-spraying selenium significantly increased OA except for S₅W₂ treatment compared with the control, thus S₅W₂ had the highest sugar-acid ratio (SAR), while the lowest SAR was observed in S₀W₂ treatment. There was no marked effect of foliar-spraying selenium on TSS under sufficient soil water applied conditions, however, the TSS was increased firstly and then decreased with selenium concentration increasing under drought stress, indicating that a further increase in selenium concentration from 5 mg·L^-1 did not give a noticeable increase in fruit quality. 【Conclusion】 The coupling effect of foliar-spraying selenium and soil moisture on tomato quality was obvious. The spraying sodium selenite at 5 mg·L^-1 significantly increased SSC and TSS and thereby improved nutritional quality of fruit when the plant suffered drought stress, but promoted flavor quality of fruits with no yield decreasing and thereby achieved stable yield and high quality when the soil moisture applied was sufficient.

Key words: exogenous selenium, drought stress, tomato, yield, quality

LIU Hao,PANG Jie,LI HuanHuan,QIANG XiaoMan,ZHANG YingYing,SONG JiaWen. Effects of Foliar-Spraying Selenium Coupled with Soil Moisture on the Yield and Quality of Tomato[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4433-4444.

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References 43

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月份Month	辐射Solar radiation (MJ·m^-2·d^-1)	气温Temperature (℃)	空气饱和差Vapor pressure deficit (kPa)
3	7.57	18.49	0.40
4	10.77	20.09	0.49
5	13.69	23.16	0.81
6	10.91	28.42	1.19

处理Treatment	单株坐果数Fruit number (No./plant)	平均单果质量Fruit weight (g)	单株产量Yield (kg/plant)
S₁₀W₂	14.4±1.3ab	143.2±9.0a	2.06±0.07b
S₁₀W₁	14.7±0.9ab	90.2±2.6b	1.32±0.10c
S₅W₂	14.9±0.5ab	153.1±14.7a	2.28±0.20ab
S₅W₁	14.1±0.7ab	97.8±4.0b	1.38±0.02c
S₀W₂	15.3±0.7a	156.2±8.7a	2.40±0.25a
S₀W₁	13.7±0.7b	100.9±2.7b	1.38±0.04c
S	ns	ns	ns
W	**	**	**
S×W	*	ns	ns

Effects of Foliar-Spraying Selenium Coupled with Soil Moisture on the Yield and Quality of Tomato

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