不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of nitrogen (N) absorption and utilization of machine-transplanted indica hybrid rice with different daily yield types, so as to provide a theory and practical basis for the high-yield cultivation and breeding of machine-transplanted medium-indica hybrid rice. 【Method】 The 20 medium-indica hybrid rice varieties bred in Southwest China were clustered into three types (high daily yield, medium daily yield, and low daily yield) based on their daily yields, and then the differences in N accumulation, distribution, redistribution, and utilization characteristics between different daily yield types, as well as their relationships with daily yield were studied. 【Result】(1) There were markedly differences in N accumulation characteristics of different daily yield types. Compared with medium and low daily yield types, N accumulation percentage before the jointing stage was decreased, meanwhile, the N concentration of organs and shoot at the jointing and heading stages, and the N concentration of panicle and shoot at the maturity stage, as well as the N accumulation from the jointing to heading in 2017 and N accumulation rate after the heading in 2018 were increased by high daily yield type, which contributed to the 3.70%-5.97% and 16.57%-18.63% improvement in total N accumulation of shoot, respectively. (2) High daily yield type increased the N distribution percentage of stem plus sheath and panicle at the heading stage and maturity stage, respectively, but reduced that of leaf lamina at the maturity stage. High daily yield type also increased the N redistribution amount of vegetative organs (especially the stem plus sheath). (3) The N use efficiency for biomass production was improved by low daily yield types; however, both N harvest index and partial factor productivity of applied N were increased by high daily yield types. (4) The correlation analysis indicated that the N concentration of shoot at each growth stages, N accumulation amount and rate from the jointing to heading, as well as the N distribution of stem plus sheath at the heading stage and partial factor productivity of applied N were significantly increased with daily yield, while the N accumulation percentage before the jointing stage, N distribution percentage of leaf lamina at the maturity stage, and the N use efficiency for biomass production were decreased with daily yield. 【Conclusion】On the whole, the higher N accumulation amount and rate from jointing to heading, and N distribution percentage of stem plus sheath at the heading stage, as well as greater N distribution percentage of stem plus sheath and panicle respectively at the heading and maturity stage could be selected as the N absorption and utilization characteristics of rice varieties with higher daily yield.

Key words: rice, mechanical transplanting, daily yield, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen distribution

DENG Fei,HE LianHua,CHEN Duo,TIAN QingLan,LI QiuPing,ZENG YuLing,LI Bo,CHEN Hong,WANG Li,REN WanJun. Characteristics of Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Machine- Transplanted Indica Hybrid Rice with Different Daily Yield Types[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1469-1481.

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Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Information of tested indica hybrid rice"

品种 Variety	全生育期 Whole growth duration (d)			产量 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)			日产量 Daily grain yield (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)			日产量类型 Daily yield type
品种 Variety	2017	2018	平均 Mean	2017	2018	平均 Mean	2017	2018	平均 Mean	日产量类型 Daily yield type
天优华占 Tianyouhuazhan	154.00	151.00	152.50	13.10	12.12	12.61	85.06	80.83	82.95	高日产HDY
繁优609 Fanyou 609	146.00	146.00	146.00	12.54	11.70	12.12	85.29	80.16	82.73	高日产HDY
C两优华占C Liangyouhuazhan	158.00	155.00	156.50	12.53	12.14	12.34	79.33	78.82	79.08	高日产HDY
晶两优534 Jingliangyou 534	160.00	156.00	158.00	12.82	11.81	12.32	80.11	76.22	78.17	高日产HDY
中优295 Zhongyou 295	155.00	152.00	153.50	11.76	11.94	11.85	75.87	79.09	77.48	高日产HDY
Y两优1号 Y Liangyou 1	164.00	158.00	161.00	12.83	11.97	12.40	78.21	76.26	77.24	高日产HDY
F优498 F You 498	155.00	152.00	153.50	11.52	11.65	11.59	74.30	77.15	75.73	高日产HDY
平均 Mean	158.40	154.60	156.50	12.29	11.90	12.10	77.56	77.51	77.54	—
内5优39 Nei 5 You 39	160.00	156.00	158.00	12.47	10.83	11.65	77.91	69.89	73.90	中日产MDY
花香优1618 Huaxiangyou 1618	164.00	159.00	161.50	12.41	11.00	11.71	75.68	69.62	72.65	中日产MDY
蜀优217 Shuyou 217	164.00	159.00	161.50	12.08	10.98	11.53	73.68	69.52	71.60	中日产MDY
中9优2号 Zhong 9 You 2	155.00	152.00	153.50	10.86	10.85	10.86	70.08	71.87	70.98	中日产MDY
川优8377 Chuanyou 8377	164.00	157.00	160.50	11.97	10.67	11.32	72.99	68.41	70.70	中日产MDY
绿优4923 Lvyou 4923	159.00	155.00	157.00	11.51	10.48	11.00	72.42	68.07	70.25	中日产MDY
隆两优1146 Longliangyou1146	158.00	155.00	156.50	10.89	10.78	10.84	68.94	70.00	69.47	中日产MDY
宜香优2115 Yixiangyou 2115	164.00	157.00	160.50	11.22	10.81	11.02	68.43	69.27	68.85	中日产MDY
平均 Mean	160.00	155.20	157.60	11.29	10.72	11.00	70.57	69.52	70.05	—
宜香4245 Yixiang 4245	164.00	158.00	161.00	11.14	10.12	10.63	67.92	64.45	66.19	低日产LDY
旌优127 Jingyou 127	151.00	149.00	150.00	10.31	9.09	9.70	68.29	61.39	64.84	低日产LDY
渝香203 Yuxiang 203	166.00	162.00	164.00	10.93	10.08	10.51	65.85	62.63	64.24	低日产LDY
渝优7109 Yuyou 7109	166.00	162.00	164.00	10.42	10.23	10.33	62.75	63.56	63.16	低日产LDY
川优6203 Chuanyou 6203	164.00	159.00	161.50	11.10	8.85	9.98	67.71	56.00	61.86	低日产LDY
平均 Mean	161.75	158.00	159.88	10.69	9.56	10.13	66.15	60.90	63.52	—

Table 1

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Fig. 1

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年份 Year	日产量类型 Daily yield type	拔节期JS (%)			齐穗期HS (%)				成熟期MS (%)
年份 Year	日产量类型 Daily yield type	叶片 Leaf lamina	茎鞘 Stem plus sheath	植株 Shoot	叶片 Leaf lamina	茎鞘 Stem plus sheath	穗 Panicle	植株 Shoot	叶片 Leaf lamina	茎鞘 Stem plus sheath	穗 Panicle	植株 Shoot
2017	高日产HDY	3.73b	1.75a	2.69ab	2.50b	0.861a	1.54d	1.42b	0.910c	0.608c	1.26c	1.00c
	中日产MDY	3.50c	1.63b	2.50c	2.32c	0.720b	1.50de	1.27c	0.923c	0.643c	1.21d	0.977c
	低日产LDY	3.45c	1.61b	2.51c	2.09d	0.709b	1.45e	1.23c	0.827d	0.540d	1.16e	0.919d
	平均Mean	3.56B	1.66A	2.57B	2.31B	0.763B	1.50B	1.31B	0.887B	0.597B	1.21B	0.966B
2018	高日产HDY	4.10a	1.75a	2.79a	2.78a	0.892a	1.86a	1.58a	1.18a	0.753ab	1.44a	1.20a
	中日产MDY	3.81b	1.65ab	2.59bc	2.74a	0.883a	1.73b	1.56a	1.12a	0.815a	1.42a	1.18a
	低日产LDY	3.76b	1.62b	2.56bc	2.67a	0.861a	1.63c	1.54a	1.03b	0.719b	1.36b	1.10b
	平均Mean	3.89A	1.67A	2.65A	2.73A	0.878A	1.74A	1.56A	1.11A	0.762A	1.41A	1.16A
F值 F value	年份Year (Y)	61.37**	0.13	4.71*	129.40**	50.07**	92.68**	131.81**	87.08**	68.6**	257.04**	331.90**
	日产量类型 Daily yield type (D)	22.42**	7.10**	13.57**	15.16**	12.10**	12.34**	10.35**	8.24**	7.98**	17.69**	22.69**
	年份×日产量类型 Y×D	0.29	0.08	0.10	4.84**	7.36**	2.47	4.82*	1.07	0.27	0.35	0.15

年份 Year	日产量类型 Daily yield	拔节前 Before JS			拔节-齐穗 JS-HS			齐穗-成熟 HS-MS			全生育期 Whole growth duration
年份 Year	日产量类型 Daily yield	积累速率 NAR (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)	积累量 NAA (kg·hm^-2)	积累比例 NAP (%)	积累速率 NAR (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)	积累量 NAA (kg·hm^-2)	积累比例 NAP (%)	积累速率 NAR (kg· hm^-2·d^-1)	积累量 NAA (kg·hm^-2)	积累比例 NAP (%)	积累速率 NAR (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)	积累量 NAA (kg·hm^-2)
2017	高日产HDY	1.85c	138.57d	54.94d	2.15a	96.86a	37.79a	0.514c	18.22c	7.28c	1.63c	253.64b
	中日产MDY	1.99bc	151.32bc	63.51ab	1.36cd	63.75bc	26.74b	0.663c	24.27bc	9.75bc	1.50d	239.34c
	低日产LDY	1.87c	142.28cd	66.40a	1.08d	49.81c	23.69b	0.531c	21.72c	9.91bc	1.32e	213.81d
	平均Mean	1.90B	144.06B	61.61A	1.53A	70.14A	29.41A	0.569B	21.40B	8.98B	1.48B	235.60B
2018	高日产HDY	2.26a	169.25a	57.48cd	1.96ab	68.44ab	23.45b	1.39a	58.32a	19.08a	1.95a	296.01a
	中日产MDY	2.27a	172.96a	60.68bc	1.73abc	61.00bc	21.74b	1.19ab	51.48a	17.58a	1.84b	285.45a
	低日产LDY	2.06b	156.45b	61.75bc	1.50bcd	57.34bc	22.71b	0.932bc	40.14ab	15.54ab	1.62c	253.93b
	平均Mean	2.20A	166.22A	59.97A	1.73A	62.26A	22.63B	1.17A	49.98A	17.40A	1.80A	278.46A
F值 F value	年份Year(Y)	51.93**	46.24**	1.67	2.15	2.40	12.36**	20.95**	28.87**	20.34**	180.76**	127.76**
	日产量类型 Daily yield (D)	5.43**	5.40**	13.64**	10.73**	11.20**	5.94**	0.97	0.70	0.08	55.40**	36.10**
	年份×日产量类型 Y×D	2.21	2.00	2.85	2.19	4.34*	4.12*	1.16	1.33	0.90	0.22	0.22

年份 Year	日产量类型 Daily yield	拔节期JS (%)		齐穗期HS (%)			成熟期MS (%)
年份 Year	日产量类型 Daily yield	叶片 Leaf lamina	茎鞘 Stem plus sheath	叶片 Leaf lamina	茎鞘 Stem plus sheath	穗 Panicle	叶片 Leaf lamina	茎鞘 Stem plus sheath	穗 Panicle
2017	高日产HDY	66.02ab	33.98bc	48.31c	34.02a	17.67b	11.78b	19.63cd	68.58a
	中日产MDY	65.37abc	34.63abc	48.25c	32.36ab	19.39a	13.63a	22.10ab	64.27b
	低日产LDY	67.00a	33.00c	48.97c	31.87b	19.16a	13.89a	17.85d	68.25a
	平均Mean	66.13A	33.87B	48.51B	32.75B	18.74A	13.10B	19.86A	67.04A
2018	高日产HDY	65.20bc	34.80ab	50.40c	32.10b	17.50b	13.60a	19.27cd	67.12a
	中日产MDY	63.86c	36.14a	52.61ab	31.87b	15.52c	14.06a	23.09a	62.85b
	低日产LDY	64.78bc	35.22ab	54.76a	30.62b	14.63c	14.89a	20.87bc	64.24b
	平均Mean	64.61B	35.39A	52.59A	31.53A	15.88B	14.18A	21.08B	64.74B
F值 F value	年份Year (Y)	10.92**	10.92**	46.85**	5.43*	55.41**	7.52**	3.87	9.93**
	日产量类型 Daily yield (D)	3.03	3.03	5.39**	3.71*	1.08	6.24**	13.19**	13.81**
	年份×日产量类型 Y×D	0.71	0.71	3.11*	0.72	12.78**	1.20	2.26	1.21

年份 Year	日产量类型 Daily yield	氮素转运量 N redistribution amount (kg·hm^-2)		氮素转运率 N redistribution rate (%)		氮素转运贡献率 Contribution rate of redistributed N (%)
年份 Year	日产量类型 Daily yield	叶片 Leaf lamina	茎鞘 Stem plus sheath	叶片 Leaf lamina	茎鞘 Stem plus sheath	叶片 Leaf lamina	茎鞘 Stem plus sheath
2017	高日产HDY	83.93a	30.00a	73.43a	37.36a	48.49a	17.29a
	中日产MDY	70.93b	16.53bc	68.47b	22.71b	46.26ab	10.99b
	低日产LDY	64.27b	22.96ab	68.56b	37.67a	44.51ab	15.97a
	平均Mean	73.04B	23.16A	70.15A	32.58A	46.42A	14.75A
2018	高日产HDY	80.16a	18.31bc	66.20b	23.49b	40.84b	9.39b
	中日产MDY	83.01a	8.39d	66.90b	10.27c	46.58ab	4.82c
	低日产LDY	79.39a	12.82cd	67.74b	19.07bc	49.61a	7.44bc
	平均Mean	80.85A	13.17B	66.95B	17.61B	45.68A	7.21B
F值 F value	年份Year (Y)	9.46**	19.53**	10.40**	25.66**	0.20	32.40**
	日产量类型 Daily yield (D)	4.97**	10.39**	1.89	9.92**	0.71	6.89**
	年份×日产量类型 Y×D	5.43**	0.24	4.28*	0.36	4.66*	0.30

年份 Year	日产量类型 Daily yield	氮素干物质生产效率 N use efficiency for biomass production (kg·kg^-1)	氮素籽粒生产效率 N use efficiency for grain production (kg·kg^-1)	氮素收获指数 N harvest index	氮素偏生产力 Partial factor productivity of applied N (kg·kg^-1)
2017	高日产HDY	100.17b	49.50a	68.58a	69.12a
	中日产MDY	102.39b	48.90a	64.27b	64.88b
	低日产LDY	109.32a	50.63a	68.25a	59.89c
	平均Mean	103.96A	49.68A	67.04A	64.63A
2018	高日产HDY	83.76d	40.45b	67.12a	66.15b
	中日产MDY	85.24d	38.07b	62.85b	60.01c
	低日产LDY	90.81c	38.11b	64.24b	53.743d
	平均Mean	86.60B	38.88B	64.74B	59.97B
F值 F value	年份Year (Y)	335.50**	201.80**	9.93**	56.87**
	日产量类型 Daily yield (D)	23.43**	1.52	13.81**	93.37**
	年份×日产量类型 Y×D	0.37	1.61	1.21	2.10

Characteristics of Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Machine- Transplanted Indica Hybrid Rice with Different Daily Yield Types

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