有效积温与不同氮磷钾处理夏玉米株高和叶面积指数定量化关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.22.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to explore the growth dynamic prediction model and its characteristic parameters of summer maize plant height and leaf area index (LAI) based on effective accumulated temperature with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatments, in order to provide a theoretical basis for using effective accumulated temperature to quantitatively simulate the growth and development of summer maize.【Method】Based on the two-year field experiment in Langfang, Hebei province (2019-2020), this study uses Zhengdan 958 as the experimental material and is divided into three single-factor fertilizer efficiency experiments of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Each factor is set at 4 levels, respectively no fertilizer, low fertilizer, moderate fertilizer and high fertilizer treatments. The Logistic mathematical model was used to fit the dynamic equation of summer maize plant height and leaf area index based on effective accumulated temperature under different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition levels, and the growth rate curve and its characteristic parameters were used to quantitatively analyze the growth and development characteristics of summer maize.【Result】(1) Under the conditions of this experiment, compared with other treatments, the maximum summer corn plant height was the largest in the treatments with proper amount of fertilizer (N2, P2 and K2). Excessive application of potassium fertilizer has a significant inhibitory effect on the maximum plant height of summer corn. Appropriate fertilization treatment of summer maize plant height requires accumulated temperature of 952.43-958.83℃·d. proper fertilization can effectively increase summer maize leaf area index, and excessive or insufficient nutrients will affect the formation of leaf area. Appropriate fertilization treatment of summer maize leaf area index required accumulated temperature to enter the plateau period is 849.18-952.43 ℃·d.(2) The fit R² of the summer maize plant height and leaf area index equations established with effective accumulated temperature as the independent variable under each fertilization treatment condition were 0.9949-0.9970 and 0.9840-0.9939, respectively, and the equations reached extremely significant levels and had biological significance. The correlation coefficient (r) between the simulated value and the measured value based on the plant height fitting equation of the effective accumulated temperature is between 0.9961-0.9983; the r of the simulated value and the measured value of the leaf area index fitting equation based on the effective accumulated temperature is 0.9815-0.9981.(3) Under various fertilization conditions, the growth rate of summer maize plant height and leaf area index showed a “single-peak curve”. Under the conditions of appropriate fertilization, the growth rate curve showed the characteristics of rapid rise and fall. The growth rate curve of the treatments without nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer showed the characteristics of slow rise and slow decline. (4) Under the condition of appropriate fertilization, the accumulated temperature of summer maize plant height entering the rapid growth period, the accumulated temperature entering the slow growth period and the accumulated temperature reaching the maximum growth rate are 394.17℃·d, 776.63℃·d and 585.40℃·d, respectively, which were significantly different from N0, P0 and K0 treatment. The maximum growth rate and average growth rate of plant height in the rapid growth period are 0.4907 cm·(℃·d)^-1 and 0.4302 cm·(℃·d)^-1, respectively, which are not significantly different from N0, P0 and K0 treatment. (5) Under the condition of appropriate fertilization, the accumulated temperature of summer maize leaf area index entering the rapid increase period, the accumulated temperature entering the slow increase period and reaching the maximum growth rate are 609.69℃·d, 855.08℃·d and 732.38℃·d, respectively. The maximum growth rate of leaf area index and the average growth rate of rapid increase period are 0.0135℃·d and 0.0118℃·d, respectively.【Conclusion】Insufficient nutrient supply can increase the effective accumulated temperature required for summer corn plant height and leaf area index to enter the plateau period. The Logistic model based on the effective accumulated temperature can well simulate and predict the dynamic changes of summer maize plant height and leaf area index under different N, P, and K treatments. The degree of fit and stability of the fitting equation under the condition of proper fertilization is better than that of the fitting equation with excessive or insufficient nutrients. Compared with the treatment with no fertilization, the plant height and LAI of summer corn reach the required accumulated temperature during the critical period (accumulated temperature required to enter the rapid increase period, accumulated temperature required to enter the slow increase period, and accumulated temperature required for the maximum growth rate). The growth rate (the maximum growth rate, the average growth rate during the rapid growth period) has decreased significantly. This study provides a theoretical basis for the effective accumulated temperature to quantitatively simulate the growth and development of summer maize.

Key words: summer maize, effective accumulated temperature, Logistic model, NPK, plant height, LAI

CHEN Yang, WANG Lei, BAI YouLu, LU YanLi, NI Lu, WANG YuHong, XU MengZe. Quantitative Relationship Between Effective Accumulated Temperature and Plant Height & Leaf Area Index of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Levels[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(22): 4761-4777.

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年份 Year	处理Treatment
年份 Year	N0	N1	N2	N3	P0	P1	P2	P3	K0	K1	K2	K3
2019	0.977^**	0.974^**	0.975^**	0.968^**	0.971^**	0.979^**	0.975^**	0.980^**	0.969^**	0.977^**	0.975^**	0.974^**
2020	0.962^**	0.964^**	0.958^**	0.964^**	0.967^**	0.972^**	0.958^**	0.966^**	0.967^**	0.966^**	0.958^**	0.964^**

处理 Treatment	参数Parameter			R²
处理 Treatment	K	a	b	R²
N0	283.00	59.93	0.0067	0.9962**
N1	282.28	59.23	0.0068	0.9959**
N2	285.00	56.34	0.0069	0.9955**
N3	281.97	58.76	0.0068	0.9955**
P0	279.42	60.74	0.0068	0.9952**
P1	285.30	64.82	0.0068	0.9949**
P2	285.00	56.34	0.0069	0.9955**
P3	285.70	58.42	0.0068	0.9958**
K0	278.93	68.96	0.0069	0.9970**
K1	288.52	56.77	0.0067	0.9949**
K2	285.00	56.34	0.0069	0.9955**
K3	274.12	59.52	0.0068	0.9958**

处理Treatment	r	nRMSE (%)
N0	0.9964	7.77
N1	0.9983	6.39
N2	0.9972	5.86
N3	0.9966	6.29
P0	0.9968	6.81
P1	0.9972	6.47
P2	0.9972	5.86
P3	0.9961	7.47
K0	0.9966	6.70
K1	0.9962	8.80
K2	0.9972	5.86
K3	0.9978	5.62

处理 Treatment	速率峰值参数 Rate peak parameter		快增期参数 Rapid increase period parameters
处理 Treatment	V₁ (cm·(℃·d)^-1)	T₁ (℃·d)	T₂ (℃·d)	T₃ (℃·d)	V₂ (cm·(℃·d)^-1)
N0	0.4717a	613.98a	416.44a	811.53a	0.4136a
N1	0.4796a	600.51ab	406.74ab	794.27ab	0.4205a
N2	0.4907a	585.40b	394.17b	776.63b	0.4302a
N3	0.4815a	596.41ab	403.59ab	789.23ab	0.4221a
P0	0.4741a	605.09ab	411.04ab	799.14ab	0.4157a
P1	0.4862a	611.97a	418.78a	805.17a	0.4263a
P2	0.4907a	585.40c	394.17c	776.63c	0.4302a
P3	0.4866a	597.02b	403.73bc	790.31bc	0.4267a
K0	0.4839a	610.02a	420.26a	799.78a	0.4243a
K1	0.4859a	599.57ab	404.08b	795.06a	0.4260a
K2	0.4907a	585.40b	394.17b	776.63b	0.4302a
K3	0.4665b	600.33ab	406.85ab	793.81ab	0.4090b

处理 Treatment	参数Parameter			R²
处理 Treatment	K	a	b	R²
N0	4.73	2347.43	0.0103	0.9920**
N1	5.15	3540.47	0.0111	0.9841**
N2	5.43	2682.15	0.0108	0.9950**
N3	5.42	3067.87	0.0107	0.9874**
P0	4.90	2779.92	0.0103	0.9889**
P1	5.02	3184.30	0.0107	0.9892**
P2	5.43	2682.15	0.0108	0.9950**
P3	5.13	2783.15	0.0109	0.9862**
K0	5.06	3665.81	0.0108	0.9856**
K1	5.19	1738.18	0.0101	0.9867**
K2	5.43	2682.15	0.0108	0.9950**
K3	4.89	2319.66	0.0104	0.9880**

Quantitative Relationship Between Effective Accumulated Temperature and Plant Height & Leaf Area Index of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Levels

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梯度 Gradient	处理 Treatment	施肥量 Fertilizer amount (kg·hm^-2)
梯度 Gradient	处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
N	N0	0	90	90
	N1	90	90	90
	N2	180	90	90
	N3	270	90	90
P	P0	180	0	90
	P1	180	45	90
	P2	180	90	90
	P3	180	135	90
K	K0	180	90	0
	K1	180	90	45
	K2	180	90	90
	K3	180	90	135

处理Treatment	r	nRMSE (%)
N0	0.9981	5.77
N1	0.9971	5.77
N2	0.9955	8.40
N3	0.9924	10.27
P0	0.9942	9.10
P1	0.9918	10.05
P2	0.9955	8.40
P3	0.9955	7.18
K0	0.9965	7.31
K1	0.9973	6.62
K2	0.9955	8.40
K3	0.9815	19.13

处理 Treatment	速率峰值参数 Rate peak parameter		快增期参数 Rapid increase period parameters
处理 Treatment	V₁ (cm·(℃·d)^-1)	T₁（℃·d）	T₂ (℃·d)	T₃ (℃·d)	V₂ (cm·(℃·d)^-1)
N0	0.0109c	754.48a	626.45a	882.50a	0.0096c
N1	0.0128b	739.10a	619.99a	858.21a	0.0112b
N2	0.0135a	732.38a	609.69a	855.08a	0.0118a
N3	0.0130ab	751.28a	628.05a	874.52a	0.0114ab
P0	0.0114b	769.42a	641.64a	897.20a	0.0100b
P1	0.0121b	750.79ab	628.21ab	873.38ab	0.0106b
P2	0.0135a	732.38bc	609.69ab	855.08bc	0.0118a
P3	0.0126ab	724.77c	604.42b	845.11c	0.0111ab
K0	0.0122b	763.06a	640.59a	885.53a	0.0107b
K1	0.0117b	742.10ab	611.10b	873.10a	0.0103b
K2	0.0135a	732.38b	609.69b	855.08a	0.0118a
K3	0.0114b	744.87ab	618.28ab	871.46a	0.0100b

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