耐迟收水稻品种的筛选及其在淹水降镉中的应用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 With the extension of mechanization and large-scale rice production mode, late harvest of rice grains brought by improper weather, conflicts in using mechanics and drying facilities usually gives rise to severe yield loss and quality deterioration, which has been deeply concerned by the farmers and greatly challenged the middle and late rice production in China. On the other hand, cadmium accumulation in rice grains has become a top food safety issue for breeders and producers. Flooding irrigation can effectively reduce cadmium content in rice. This research aims to select PMS (post-maturation sustainability) and low cadmium accumulation rice varieties by continuous flooding irrigation treatment. We expect to establish an effective evaluation system for PMS, select and utilize rice varieties with both PMS and low cadmium accumulation for production and research. 【Method】 Continual flooding irrigation were carried out in the experimental field during booting stage to yellow ripening stage in 2018. The mature plant lodging, seed dormancy and grain shattering of the 244 materials from China were evaluated through field observation and data investigation after ripening. The appraisal time and value of PMS rice varieties were defined using significant analysis. The 1000-grain weight, milling quality, appearance quality, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency and amylose content were tested for PMS rice. In 2019, 132 rice varieties promoting in Hunan were evaluated and identified using the appraisal time and value of post-harvest lodging. 1000-grain-weight were investigated between flooding and dry-wet alternate irrigation. The yield and effect of cadmium accumulation reduction of PMS rice varieties were tested in demonstration paddy field. 【Result】 The threshold for PMS was optimized as follows: lodging resistance is defined as the angle between rice stalk and vertical inclination <45° at the 14th day after maturity; rice shattering <5.0% at 7 days after maturity; and spike germination rate <10.0% at the same day of maturity. 21 PMS rice varieties were obtained in 2019. No significant difference existed in 1000-grain weight between flooding and dry-wet alternate irrigation, and also in yield in demonstration paddy field. The cadmium content of brown rice in flooding irrigation was lower than 0.20 mg·kg ^-1, which is significantly lower than that of dry-wet alternate irrigation management. 【Conclusion】 PMS rice varieties can withstand long-term flooding irrigation. There is no significant effect on yield and quality in delayed harvest after maturity. Application of PMS rice varieties in mild and moderate-level cadmium contaminated paddy, safety production can be realized in combination with flooding irrigation.

Key words: rice, PMS, flooding irrigation, safety production

ZENG XiaoShan,TANG GuoHua,XIE HongJun,ZHU MingDong,AO HeJun,CHEN Bo,LI FangTing,HAO Ming,XIAO Yan,FU HuiRong,ZHANG Jian,YU YingHong. Selection of PMS Rice Varieties and Application in Flooding Irrigation for Cadmium Reduction[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(17): 3561-3572.

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References 55

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组别 Group	成熟后天数Days after mature (d)
组别 Group	0	7	14	21
中稻迟熟Late-maturing middle-season (%)	5.75cA	6.68bcB	7.88abA	8.46aA
一季晚稻Single-cropping late rice (%)	4.83bB	7.95aA	7.29aB	7.34aB
晚稻迟熟Late-maturing late rice (%)	5.36bA	6.74abB	7.33aAB	6.31abC
晚稻中熟Middle-maturing late rice (%)	5.42bA	7.14aB	7.51aA	7.35aB
平均Mean (%)	5.34b	7.13a	7.50 a	7.37 a

组别 Group	成熟后天数Days after mature (d)
组别 Group	0	7	14	21
中稻迟熟Late-maturing middle-season (%)	19.95bB	32.11aB	33.15aA	35.40aA
一季晚稻Single-cropping late rice (%)	21.10bB	32.82aA	32.02aB	30.41aD
晚稻迟熟Late-maturing late rice (%)	21.17bB	33.07aA	30.85aC	31.55aC
晚稻中熟Middle-maturing late rice (%)	22.15bA	30.11aC	31.82aB	32.44aB
平均Mean (%)	21.09b	32.03a	31.96a	32.45a

成熟后天数 Days after mature (d)	糙米率 Brown rice rate (%)	精米率 Milled rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head rice rate (%)	长宽比 Length-width ratio	垩白度 Chalkiness (%)	透明度 Transparency	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate (%)	碱消值 Alkali value	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)	直链淀粉含量 Amylase content (%)
0	79.80a	69.91a	53.73a	3.50a	0.78b	1.52a	6.17b	6.15a	74.02a	16.65a
7	79.75a	69.35b	47.37b	3.47a	1.03a	1.45a	7.90a	6.06a	73.07ab	16.57a
14	79.76a	69.26b	47.93b	3.48a	1.16a	1.59a	8.91a	6.06a	71.91bc	16.56a
21	79.43b	68.96b	46.42b	3.47a	1.13a	1.52a	9.04a	6.07a	71.35c	16.63a

组别 Group	干-湿交替Dry-wet (d)				淹水Flooding (d)
组别 Group	0	7	14	21	0	7	14	21
中稻迟熟Late-maturing middle-season (g)	25.38A	25.02B	25.20A	25.60A	24.66B	24.61B	25.20B	24.85B
一季晚稻Single-cropping late rice (g)	23.27B	23.56C	23.80C	23.79B	23.32C	23.59C	23.59C	22.84C
晚稻迟熟Late-maturing late rice (g)	22.53C	21.95D	21.54D	21.78C	22.33D	22.07D	21.63D	21.69D
晚稻中熟Middle-maturing late rice (g)	25.37A	25.46A	24.78B	25.44A	25.80A	26.61A	25.63A	26.41A
平均Mean (g)	24.34	24.32	24.33	24.98	24.25	24.29	24.56	24.56

组别 Group	品种 Variety	最大倾斜度 Max gradient (°)	穗发芽 Pre-harvest sprouting (%)	落粒率 Grain percentage (%)
中稻迟熟 Late-maturing middle-season	两优1316 Liangyou 1316	≤30—45	9.89	0.58
	隆两优1308 Longliangyou 1308	≤30—45	3.56	0.91
	隆两优1813 Longliangyou 1813	<30	6.06	0.69
	隆两优1988 Longliangyou 1988	≤30—45	9.11	3.08
	Y两优800 Yliangyou 800	≤30—45	9.11	0.44
	甬优4949 Yongyou 4949	<30	5.93	0.69
	韵两优332 Yunliangyou 332	≤30—45	9.02	0.63
	Y两优372 Yliangyou 372	≤30—45	9.75	0.04
一季晚稻 Single-cropping late rice	C两优258 C liangyou 258	≤30—45	4.99	5.24
	C两优755 Cliangyou755	≤30—45	3.37	0.25
	金两优华占 Jingliangyouhuazhan	≤30—45	9.15	2.28
	晶两优641 Jingliangyou 641	≤30—45	7.15	1.19
	隆两优1212 Longliangyou 1212	≤30—45	9.43	2.17
	甬优1538 Yongyou 1583	<30	5.11	0.71
	甬优4149 Yongyou 4149	<30	8.25	0.04
	黄华占 Huanghuazhan	≤30—45	7.41	0.27
晚稻迟熟 Late-maturing late rice	玖两优1212 Jiuliangyou 1212	≤30—45	9.13	2.94
晚稻中熟 Middle-maturing late rice	玖两优黄华占 Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	≤30—45	6.96	4.17
	桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan	<30	3.06	3.55
	农香42 Nongxiang 42	<30	7.51	4.30
	板仓粳糯Bancanggengnuo	<30	3.09	0.00

Selection of PMS Rice Varieties and Application in Flooding Irrigation for Cadmium Reduction

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品种 Variety	灌溉管理 Irrigation management	实测面积 Area (m²)	实收毛谷重量 Grain weight (kg)	实测含水量 Water content (%)	折合产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
桃优香占 Taoyouxiangzhan	干-湿交替Dry-wet	479.78	364.10	22.77	6.78
桃优香占 Taoyouxiangzhan	淹水Flooding	572.70	472.60	24.57	7.20 NS
玖两优黄华占 Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	干-湿交替Dry-wet	579.80	506.80	22.23	7.76
玖两优黄华占 Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	淹水Flooding	470.29	409.10	24.83	7.56NS

地点 Site	土壤pH Soil pH	土壤镉含量 Soil cadmium content (mg·kg^-1)	播种期 Seeding time (M/D)	品种 Variety	灌溉管理 Irrigation management
地点 Site	土壤pH Soil pH	土壤镉含量 Soil cadmium content (mg·kg^-1)	播种期 Seeding time (M/D)	品种 Variety	淹水Flooding	干-湿交替Dry-wet
双江口镇 Shuangjiangkou	5.3—6.9	0.21—0.46	06/04	桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan	0.05*	0.33
				玖两优黄华占Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	0.01**	0.26
				农香42 NongXiang42	0.09*	0.79
新市镇 Xinshi	5.0—5.2	0.35—0.41	06/20	桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan	0.06*	0.49
				玖两优黄华占Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	0.03**	0.49
				农香42Nongxiang42	0.05*	0.35
青山桥镇 Qingshanqiao	5.0—6.6	0.40—0.62	06/10	桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan	<0.01**	0.34
				玖两优黄华占Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan	<0.01**	0.33
				农香42 Nongxiang42	<0.01**	0.44

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