大豆品种特性对腐竹产量及品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.02.019

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a crop with high economic value, as it is rich in protein and oil. The current study aimed to explore the correlations between soybean varieties and yuba yield, and the correlations between soybean varieties and yuba in the contents of protein, oil, soluble sugar and isoflavones. This study provides a reference for the production of yuba with high isoflavone. 【Method】24 different soybean varieties from Heilongjiang and Guangdong province were used to make yuba with the same processing method. Then the protein and oil content in soybean and yuba was determined by the Kjeldahl method and the Soxhlet extraction approach, respectively. The soluble sugar contents in soybean and yuba were estimated by the anthrone colorimetric method. Moreover, the isoflavones in soybean and yuba were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. 【Result】Great difference was observed in the content of protein, oil, soluble sugar, isoflavones and yuba yield among the soybean varieties. The yuba yield from Huaxia 8 was the highest, with production rate of 60.50%, followed by Huachun 2 with production rate of 52.44%, indicating that the two varieties should be ideal varieties for producing yuba. Besides, the productivity of yuba from Suinong 37, Huachun 6 and Heihe 43 were relatively high, reaching 48.59%, 48.37% and 47.91%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the yuba yield was positively correlated with the protein content (r=0.598**) and negatively correlated with the soluble sugar content (r=-0.423**) in soybean. The contents of the protein, oil and isoflavones in yuba were positively correlated with those of corresponding traits in the soybean (r=0.700**, r=0.537**, r=0.879**). The soluble sugar content of yuba is positively correlated with the soluble sugar content of soybean (r=0.441*). The protein content in yuba was negatively correlated with the soluble sugar content of soybean (r=-0.519*). The oil content in yuba was significantly and negatively correlated with protein in soybean (r=-0.889**), and was positively correlated with soluble sugar and isoflavone content in soybean (r=0.614**, 0.574**), respectively. The content of isoflavones in yuba was negatively correlated with protein content in soybean (r=-0.589**), and was positively correlated with soluble sugar content in soybean (r=0.568**). 【Conclusion】 The productivity and quality traits of the yuba from soybean varieties were significantly different. Huaxia 8 and Huachun 2 were high-yielding varieties for making yuba. The quality characteristics of yuba were determined by the quality characteristics of soybean varieties, which are mainly determined by the genetic characteristics of soybean varieties.

Key words: soybean, yuba, protein, oil, isoflavones

ZENG ShiXiao,NIAN Hai,CHENG YanBo,MA QiBin,WANG Liang. Effects of Different Soybean Varieties on the Yield and Quality of Yuba[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(2): 449-458.

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Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

品种 Variety	异黄酮 Isoflavone (μg·g^-1)		蛋白质Protein (%)		油分Oil (%)		可溶性糖Soluble sugar (%)
品种 Variety	大豆 Soybean	腐竹 Yuba	大豆 Soybean	腐竹 Yuba	大豆 Soybean	腐竹 Yuba	大豆 Soybean	腐竹 Yuba
华春3号Huachun3	2744.28±257.17	2603.74±200.71	40.82±1.48	58.15±0.01	19.80±0.20	25.12±0.01	11.48±0.10	5.23±0.06
华春5号Huachun5	1912.48±234.66	1932.3±26.41	42.71±0.42	46.39±0.01	18.90±0.17	22.23±0.01	14.40±0.11	10.82±0.14
华夏3号Huaxia3	1497.82±421.54	1125.12±65.52	42.19±0.77	57.73±0.00	21.63±0.12	22.91±0.01	11.31±0.08	5.62±0.04
华夏9号Huaxia9	1774.26±393.91	1448.86±87.81	45.67±0.94	58.32±0.00	18.67±0.21	19.52±0.01	11.50±0.28	4.27±0.01
桂夏7号Guixia7	4306.79±701.36	4544.13±222.57	39.45±1.16	54.36±0.01	20.97±0.23	26.92±0.01	12.93±0.20	6.75±0.11
华夏16 Huaxia16	3409.07±983.23	2392.81±103.05	37.97±0.21	55.37±0.01	18.47±0.25	28.64±0.01	11.88±0.40	4.79±0.12
桂1306 Gui1306	2105.61±292.24	1901.16±76.19	44.18±1.41	61.02±0.02	19.27±0.06	22.86±0.01	12.01±0.12	6.15±0.12
华春2号Huachun2	1098.59±191.12	1094.35±33.81	43.53±1.25	59.79±0.02	22.00±0.10	24.76±0.01	11.29±0.08	7.15±0.01
华春6号Huachun6	1567.59±342.12	1787.34±52.1	45.90±0.30	57.5±0.00	18.90±0.10	19.47±0.01	11.67±0.10	6.81±0.04
华春8号Huachun8	2162.92±579.48	1945.24±89.99	43.49±1.05	59.83±0.02	19.93±0.15	22.47±0.01	12.40±0.03	7.20±0.02
华夏7号Huaxia7	2144.12±397.43	2249.19±146.86	42.55±0.23	60.74±0.00	18.40±0.10	24.32±0.01	14.78±0.04	7.84±0.09
华夏8号Huaxia8	2477.31±740.49	2506.3±144.29	44.46±1.30	59.77±0.01	19.53±0.21	23.35±0.02	11.80±0.03	9.28±0.05
华夏10 Huaxia10	2250.72±205.56	2592.96±60.19	41.77±0.88	59.35±0.00	18.60±0.30	24.66±0.01	15.68±0.02	8.60±0.10
东农豆252 Dongnongdou252	2449.64±376.87	2286.4±127.99	40.54±0.79	56.37±0.01	20.47±0.29	26.23±0.01	14.47±0.10	8.18±0.13
垦丰16 Kenfeng16	3068.86±503.54	3027.13±123.18	35.39±0.96	50.63±0.00	20.67±0.21	29.69±0.01	15.97±0.06	10.29±0.09
垦丰17 Kenfeng17	4218.86±581.81	4683.07±179.47	35.43±0.68	51.07±0.00	21.10±0.26	29.44±0.02	15.66±0.09	10.34±0.03
垦丰20 Kenfeng20	3536.12±520.47	3379.48±45.52	37.31±0.75	51.93±0.02	19.50±0.35	26.86±0.01	14.79±0.02	11.41±0.11
垦丰22 Kenfeng22	4246.46±501.32	4520.08±101.5	36.92±1.00	50.65±0.01	20.73±0.12	28.8±0.00	15.49±0.10	9.72±0.25
垦豆25 Kendou25	4279.03±583.06	3883.34±246.71	34.76±0.53	54.06±0.00	20.50±0.10	33.01±0.01	16.39±0.05	6.03±0.06
垦豆43 Kendou43	4166.03±648.31	4717.91±83.44	37.21±0.50	51.00±0.02	21.10±0.26	25.79±0.01	15.37±0.04	12.84±0.20
绥农26 Suinong26	2115.05±400.96	1911.15±35.87	37.08±0.35	53.07±0.01	20.63±0.06	29.75±0.02	14.28±0.06	7.36±0.01
绥农37 Suinong37	1677.17±276.54	1492.24±19.94	35.90±0.36	48.47±0.01	23.77±0.15	30.58±0.01	12.43±0.01	9.81±0.58
绥农39 Suinong39	2111.11±66.44	2055.64±92.83	39.25±1.14	53.00±0.00	21.90±0.20	30.75±0.01	14.69±0.09	7.46±0.06
黑河43 Heihe43	4112.56±784.96	4012.35±534.03	38.24±1.13	53.16±0.01	19.60±0.10	31.43±0.01	16.00±0.22	4.02±0.09
标准偏差Standard deviation	1042.79	1213.17	3.46	4.17	1.30	3.74	1.84	2.35
变异系数 Coefficient of variation	38.25	43.59	9.27	7.57	6.39	14.26	13.48	30.14

Table 4

Supplemental table 1

Fig. 1

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统计指标 Statistical index	极小值 Minimum value	极大值 Maximum value	标准差 Standard deviation	均值 Mean value	渐近显著性 Asymptotic significance	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
蛋白质Protein (%)	34.76	45.90	3.46	40.15	0.828	9.27
油分Oil (%)	18.40	23.77	1.28	20.29	0.976	6.39
可溶性糖Soluble sugar (%)	11.29	16.39	1.81	13.69	0.457	13.48
异黄酮Isoflavone (μg·g^-1)	1098.60	4306.80	1042.79	2726.36	0.435	38.25
产率Production rate (%)	33.16	60.50	5.71	44.07	0.804	13.00

序号 No.	品种 Variety	产率 Production rate (%)	变异系数 Coefficient of variation	序号 No.	品种 Variety	产率 Production rate (%)	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
1	华春3号 Huachun3	37.09±0.50lm	1.36	13	华夏10 Huaxia10	44.53±1.38efghi	3.10
2	华春5号 Huachun5	45.01±1.04defgh	2.30	14	东农豆252 Dongnongdou252	46.49±1.38cdef	2.97
3	华夏3号 Huaxia3	45.05±0.45defg	1.00	15	垦丰16 Kenfeng16	37.21±0.90lm	2.41
4	华夏9号 Huaxia9	45.65±2.49cdefgh	5.46	16	垦丰17 Kenfeng17	42.83±2.23ghi	5.20
5	桂夏7号 Guixia7	43.71±0.46fghi	1.06	17	垦丰20 Kenfeng20	44.37±1.74efghi	3.91
6	华夏16 Huaxia16	38.82±1.43klm	3.69	18	垦丰22 Kenfeng22	36.30±2.90m	7.99
7	桂1306 Gui1306	42.89±2.45ghi	5.72	19	垦豆25 Kendou25	33.16±1.76n	5.32
8	华春2号 Huachun2	52.44±0.91b	1.73	20	垦豆43 Kendou43	41.61±1.26ijk	3.03
9	华春6号 Huachun6	48.37±1.19c	2.47	21	绥农26 Suinong26	39.76±0.34jkl	0.85
10	华春8号 Huachun8	45.95±1.88cdefg	4.09	22	绥农37 Suinong37	48.59±0.49c	1.01
11	华夏7号 Huaxia7	46.97±1.27cde	2.71	23	绥农39 Suinong39	42.53±2.63hij	6.19
12	华夏8号 Huaxia8	60.50±1.56a	2.58	24	黑河43 Heihe43	47.91±1.49cd	3.12

大豆 Soybean	腐竹Yuba
大豆 Soybean	蛋白质 Protein	油分 Oil	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	异黄酮 Isoflavone	产率 Production rate
蛋白质Protein	0.700**	-0.889**	-0.356	-0.589**	0.598**
油分Oil	-0.402	0.537**	0.172	0.012	-0.072
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	-0.519**	0.614**	0.441*	0.568**	-0.423*
异黄酮Isoflavone	-0.412*	0.574**	0.189	0.879**	-0.478*
蛋白质油分比Protein/oil	0.636**	-0.839**	-0.303	-0.411*	0.441*
蛋白质可溶性糖比Protein/sugar	0.667**	-0.800**	-0.470*	-0.682**	0.531**
油分可溶性糖比Oil/sugar	0.302	-0.304	-0.335	-0.574**	0.342*

序号 No.	品种 Variety	缩写 Abbr.	序号 No.	品种 Variety	缩写 Abbr.
1	华春3号Huachun 3	HC3	13	华夏10号 Huaxia 10	HX10
2	华春5号Huachun 5	HC5	14	东农豆252 Dongnongdou 252	DND252
3	华夏3号Huaxia 3	HX3	15	垦丰16 Kenfeng 16	KF16
4	华夏9号Huaxia 9	HX9	16	垦丰17 Kenfeng 17	KF17
5	桂夏7号Guixia 7	GX7	17	垦丰20 Kenfeng 20	KF20
6	华夏16 Huaxia 16	HX16	18	垦丰22 Kenfeng 22	KF22
7	桂1306 Gui 1306	G1306	19	垦豆25 Kendou 25	KD25
8	华春2号Huachun 2	HC2	20	垦豆43 Kendou 43	KD43
9	华春6号Huachun 6	HC6	21	绥农26 Suinong 26	SN26
10	华春8号Huachun 8	HC8	22	绥农37 Suinong 37	SN37
11	华夏7号Huaxia 7	HX7	23	绥农39 Suinong 39	SN39
12	华夏8号Huaxia 8	HX8	24	黑河43 Heihe 43	HH43

Effects of Different Soybean Varieties on the Yield and Quality of Yuba

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