不同栽培模式对夏玉米冠层结构及光合性能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.22.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This experiment studied the differences in the canopy characteristics, ear position leaf chloroplast structure and photosynthetic performance of summer maize in different cultivation modes. To illuminate the regulation effect of cultivation patterns on canopy structure, leaves development and photosynthetic performance and provide theoretical basis for further construction of high-yield summer maize cultivation model with high efficiency canopy structure.【Method】The experiment was conducted in Taian, Shandong province in 2018 and 2019, with Denghai 605 as the experimental material. Through the comprehensive optimization of planting density, fertilizer management and planting methods, two optimized cultivation patterns were performed, including super-high-yield cultivation mode (SH) and high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode (HH), with the local farmer management mode (FP) as a control. The differences of summer maize canopy structure, ear position leaves chloroplast structure and net photosynthetic rate between the three cultivation management modes were compared. 【Result】Compared with FP, the upper leaves of SH and HH had smaller stem-leaf angle and larger leaf orientation value, their middle and lower leaves were well developed, and they had higher leaf area index (LAI) and higher LAI duration. SH and HH middle leaves light interception rate increased significantly compared with FP, with increasing by 21.64% and 12.63%, respectively. Also, SH and HH formed a suitable population canopy structure. The chloroplast structure of SH and HH was well developed, while that of FP was relatively stunted. Compared with FP, SH and HH had better development and more number of thylakoids. The thylakoid in chloroplast of FP developed relatively poorly, which had higher percent of undeveloped thylakoid as well as fuzzy and unevenly arranged stromal sheets. The net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves at the silking stage had a trend of SH>HH>FP. Dry matter accumulation and grain yield had similar trend. Compared with FP, SH and HH increased grain yield by 14.20% and 4.91%, respectively.【Conclusion】Compared with FP, SH and HH could increase grain yield, which was mainly due to the optimized population canopy structure, promoted leaves development, ensured integrity of the chloroplast structure, and significantly improved the leaves photosynthetic capacity. Compared with SH, HH applied less amount of fertilizer, formed a suitable population canopy structure, developed well leaves. Thus, HH was a cultivation mode that contributed to the use of light energy.

Key words: summer maize, cultivation mode, canopy structure, light distribution, photosynthetic performance

LI Jing,WANG HongZhang,XU JiaYi,LIU Peng,ZHANG JiWang,ZHAO Bin,REN BaiZhao. Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Performance of Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(22): 4550-4560.

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References 32

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处理 Treatment	种植密度 Planting density (plant/hm²)	行距 Row spacing	肥料类型 Fertilizer	肥料用量 Dosage (kg·hm^-2)	比例 Proportion
处理 Treatment	种植密度 Planting density (plant/hm²)	行距 Row spacing	肥料类型 Fertilizer	肥料用量 Dosage (kg·hm^-2)	播种 Seeding	大喇叭口 V12	开花 VT	乳熟 R3
SH	82500	80+40 cm	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	7500	100%
		80+40 cm	N	540	30%PU+10%U	30%U	20%U	10%U
			P₂O₅	180	100%
			K₂O	360	75%		25%
HH	82500	60+60 cm	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	7500	100%
		60+60 cm	N	225	30%PU+10%U	30%U	20%U	10%U
			P₂O₅	150	100%
			K₂O	300	75%		25%
FP	67500	60+60 cm	种肥同播三元复合肥（N-P₂O₅-K₂O=14-16-15）750 kg·hm^-2 Ternary compound fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O=14-16-15) 750 kg·hm^-2

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎叶夹角 Stem-leaf angle (°)			叶向值 Leaf orientation value
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	上层 Upper leave	中层 Middle leave	下层 Lower leave	上层 Upper leave	中层 Middle leave	下层 Lower leave
2018	SH	17.17ab	24.01a	25.35b	69.72a	62.51a	54.08ab
	HH	16.58b	19.75b	23.17b	69.59a	61.64ab	59.22a
	FP	18.02a	24.81a	28.24a	67.67b	59.02b	48.20b
2019	SH	11.88ab	27.5ab	33.7c	75.41a	54.57a	46.57a
	HH	11.13b	23.33b	32.0c	73.77ab	54.17a	44.86ab
	FP	12.58a	29.08a	41.87a	70.57b	51.51ab	33.83c

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (kg·hm^-2)			干物质分配比例 Dry matter distribution ratio (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	V6	R1	R6	吐丝前 Pre-silking	吐丝后 Post-silking
2018	SH	1842a	9876a	26885a	36.73b	63.27a
	HH	1793a	9541b	24214b	39.41ab	60.59ab
	FP	1367b	9226b	22486c	41.06a	58.94b
2019	SH	1358a	10111a	29303a	34.50b	65.50a
	HH	1210b	10019a	24715b	40.53a	59.47b
	FP	1193b	9886a	23069c	42.85a	57.15b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单位面积穗数 Ear number (ear·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 Thousand kernel weight (g)	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
2018	SH	78495a	513.5ab	372.5b	12.7a
	HH	74610a	502.2b	369.8b	11.8b
	FP	64478b	547.3a	385.1a	11.6b
2019	SH	82560a	474.4b	377.8c	13.2a
	HH	79892b	454.2c	384.5b	12.0b
	FP	67336c	497.7a	389.9a	11.1c

Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Performance of Summer Maize

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[1]	ZHAO ZhengXin,WANG XiaoYun,TIAN YaJie,WANG Rui,PENG Qing,CAI HuanJie. Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Summer Maize Yield and Soil Ammonia Volatilization Under Future Climate Change [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 104-117.
[2]	LIU Miao,LIU PengZhao,SHI ZuJiao,WANG XiaoLi,WANG Rui,LI Jun. Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve and Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application Rates [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(5): 932-947.
[3]	FANG MengYing,LU Lin,WANG QingYan,DONG XueRui,YAN Peng,DONG ZhiQiang. Effects of Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium on Root Morphological Construction and Yield of Summer Maize with Different Nitrogen Application Rates [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(24): 4808-4822.
[4]	YI YingJie,HAN Kun,ZHAO Bin,LIU GuoLi,LIN DianXu,CHEN GuoQiang,REN Hao,ZHANG JiWang,REN BaiZhao,LIU Peng. The Comparison of Ammonia Volatilization Loss in Winter Wheat- Summer Maize Rotation System with Long-Term Different Fertilization Measures [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(23): 4600-4613.
[5]	GENG WenJie,LI Bin,REN BaiZhao,ZHAO Bin,LIU Peng,ZHANG JiWang. Regulation Mechanism of Planting Density and Spraying Ethephon on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 307-319.
[6]	ZHANG Chuan,LIU Dong,WANG HongZhang,REN Hao,ZHAO Bin,ZHANG JiWang,REN BaiZhao,LIU CunHui,LIU Peng. Effects of High Temperature Stress in Different Periods on Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of Summer Maize [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(19): 3710-3722.
[7]	XiaoFan LI,JingYi SHAO,WeiZhen YU,Peng LIU,Bin ZHAO,JiWang ZHANG,BaiZhao REN. Combined Effects of High Temperature and Drought on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(18): 3516-3529.
[8]	CHEN Yang,XU MengZe,WANG YuHong,BAI YouLu,LU YanLi,WANG Lei. Quantitative Study on Effective Accumulated Temperature and Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen Supply Levels [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(15): 2973-2987.
[9]	LU Peng,LI WenHai,NIU JinCan,BATBAYAR Javkhlan,ZHANG ShuLan,YANG XueYun. Phosphorus Availability and Transformation of Inorganic Phosphorus Forms Under Different Organic Carbon Levels in a Tier Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 111-122.
[10]	HU DanDan,LI RongFa,LIU Peng,DONG ShuTing,ZHAO Bin,ZHANG JiWang,REN BaiZhao. Mixed-Cropping Improved on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Maize Under High Planting Densities [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(9): 1856-1868.
[11]	ZHENG HuaBin,LI Bo,WANG WeiQin,LEI En,TANG QiYuan. Effects of Different Cultivation Models on Solar Radiation-Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of “Early Indica-Late Japonica” Double Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1565-1578.
[12]	XU TianJun,LÜ TianFang,ZHAO JiuRan,WANG RongHuan,XING JinFeng,ZHANG Yong,CAI WanTao,LIU YueE,LIU XiuZhi,CHEN ChuanYong,WANG YuanDong,LIU ChunGe. The Grain Dehydration Characteristics of the Main Summer Maize Varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Region [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 708-719.
[13]	CHEN Yang,WANG Lei,BAI YouLu,LU YanLi,NI Lu,WANG YuHong,XU MengZe. Quantitative Relationship Between Effective Accumulated Temperature and Plant Height & Leaf Area Index of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Levels [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(22): 4761-4777.
[14]	YU WeiZhen,ZHANG XiaoChi,HU Juan,SHAO JingYi,LIU Peng,ZHAO Bin,REN BaiZhao. Combined Effects of Shade and Waterlogging on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Summer Maize [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(18): 3834-3846.
[15]	YAN ZhenHua,LIU DongYao,JIA XuCun,YANG Qin,CHEN YiBo,DONG PengFei,WANG Qun. Maize Tassel Development, Physiological Traits and Yield Under Heat and Drought Stress During Flowering Stage [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(17): 3592-3608.