1985—2015年福建省农牧系统磷素流动特征及影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.07.011

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to determine the temporal changes and influencing factors of phosphorus (P) flows in the crop-livestock system of Fujian Province, and to provide a scientific reference for integrated nutrient management and green development of agriculture.【Method】Using a coupled NUFER (nutrient flows in food chain, environment and resources use) model, data were collected and sorted from statistical yearbooks, literatures, and field investigations from 1985 to 2015 to quantitatively estimate the balance, use efficiency and loss characteristics of P flow in the crop-livestock system of Fujian Province. 【Result】The total P input in crop-livestock production system increased from 63.1 to 196.2 Gg in Fujian Province from 1985 to 2015. The main P format inputs were fertilizer and feed import. The amount of per unit area of P fertilizer input in crop system increased gradually from 27.8 to 60.4 kg·hm^-2. Due to the influence of scale and structure change of crop-livestock system in Fujian Province, local feed supply decreased from 3.33 to 1.65 Gg, while the feed import increased from 20.7 to 70.2 Gg. From the output perspective, total P increased from 45.0 to 90.9 Gg, mainly including crop main product and animal manure loss. P uptake of crop main products changed slightly (only from 24.3 to 26.7 Gg), while the P loss in animal manure increased significantly from 1.44 to 25.8 Gg. Soil accumulation is the main loss pathway of P in crop-livestock system, which increased year by year from 18.1 to 106 Gg. P use efficiency in crop production system (PUE_c) decreased from 36.1% to 16.6%, and the change trend of P use efficiency in crop-livestock system (PUE_c+a) was similar to that of PUE_c, which gradually decreased and eventually remained at 15.0%. In the same time, the unit P loss of crop-livestock products increased gradually from 0.3 to 1.3 kg P·kg^-1. In terms of economic development and planting structure, there was a significant positive correlation between per capita GDP and fertilizer input when the per capita GDP was less than 11 000 yuan. When per capita GDP was less than 15 000 yuan, there was a significant positive correlation between per capita GDP and unit P loss of crop-livestock products, but there was a significantly negative correlation between per capita GDP and PUE_c when per capita GDP was less than 13 000 yuan. The proportion of cash crops planting area was significantly and positively correlated with the unit P loss of crop-livestock products and P input of fertilizer, and it was significantly negatively correlated with PUE_c.【Conclusion】At present, the cash crops planting area is relatively high, which is one of the structural characteristics of crop system in Fujian Province. At the same time, the unit area quantity of P input by fertilizer is large, circulation of animal manure is inadequate, which probably lead to more unit P loss in crop-livestock products, and low P use efficiency. Therefore, controlling the application amount of phosphate fertilizer and enhancing the utilization level in crop-livestock waste resources will be the guarantee in improving P use efficiency and promoting agriculture sustainable green development in Fujian Province.

Key words: phosphorus, NUFER model, phosphorus use efficiency, crop-livestock system, proportion of cash crops

DongHui LIU,ShiChang ZHANG,Jing YANG,MengYuan HUANG,LiangQuan WU. Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Phosphorus Flows in the Crop-Livestock System of Fujian Province from 1985 to 2015[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(7): 1419-1431.

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作物种类<break/>Crop	收获可（食）用部分Harvest edible parts		收获不可（食）用部分Harvest non-edible parts
作物种类<break/>Crop	百分比Percent (%)	磷含量P content (%)	百分比Percent (%)	磷含量P content (%)
（干）稻谷Rice	53	0.300	47	0.130
（干）小麦Wheat	48	0.370	52	0.080
（干）油料Oil plant	56	0.305	44	0.163
（鲜）薯类Tuber crop	67	0.020	33	0.045
（鲜）甘蔗Sugarcane	77	0.014	23	0.046
（干）烟叶Tobacco	38	0.184	62	0.169
（干）茶Tea	100	0.222	—	—
（鲜）水果Fruit	100	0.020	—	—
（鲜）蔬菜Vegetable	100	0.039	—	—
（鲜）青饲料Forage	100	0.080	—	—
（鲜）绿肥Green manure	—	—	100	0.057

畜禽种类<break/>Livestock	饲养周期<break/>Feeding period (d)	粪便日排泄量及其磷含量Daily excrement and P content		尿液日排泄量及磷含量Daily urine and P content
畜禽种类<break/>Livestock	饲养周期<break/>Feeding period (d)	排泄量Excretion (kg·d^-1)	磷含量P content (%)	排泄量Excretion (kg·d^-1)	磷含量P content (%)
肉牛Beef	>365	18.00	0.095	9.0	0.017
奶牛Cattle	>365	18.00	0.095	9.0	0.017
羊Sheep	243	1.50	0.216	0.5	0.021
猪Pig	198	2.00	0.245	3.0	0.022
兔Rabbit	180	0.08	0.296	—	—
肉鸡Broiler	55	0.09	0.413	—	—
蛋鸡Layer	>365	0.15	0.413	—	—
鸭、鹅<break/>Duck, Goose	60	0.17	0.289	—	—

	鲜重<break/>Fresh weight<break/>(kg)	畜禽身体划分Partitioning of animal body (%)			磷含量P content (%)
	鲜重<break/>Fresh weight<break/>(kg)	可食用部分 Edible part	骨头<break/>Bone	其他部分<break/>Other parts	可食用部分<break/>Edible part	骨头<break/>Bone	其他部分<break/>Other parts
猪Pig	90.00	50	13	37	0.18	3.3	0.07
牛Cattle	477.30	45	20	35	0.17	4.2	0.01
羊Sheep	35.00	55	24	21	0.17	5.6	0.15
禽Poultry	2.04	65	20	15	0.16	2.0	0.01
兔Rabbit	1.75	50	7.5	42.5	0.17	4.0	0.21
蛋Egg	—	90	—	10	0.21	—	0.20
奶Milk	—	100	—	—	0.09	—	—

项目Item	参数Parameter (%)
淋洗参数Leaching parameter	0.6
径流参数Runoff parameter	1.5
侵蚀参数Erosion parameter	7.2

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Phosphorus Flows in the Crop-Livestock System of Fujian Province from 1985 to 2015

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