Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (21): 4225-4236.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.010

• SOIL ＆ FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY ＆ ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Chelating Agent on Dissolution, Fixation and Fertisphere Transformation of Diammonium Phosphate

DONG ZeKuan1(),ZHANG ShuiQin2,LI YanTing2,GAO Qiang1,ZHAO BingQiang2,YUAN Liang2()   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118
    2Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2021-09-07 Accepted:2021-12-24 Online:2022-11-01 Published:2022-11-09
  • Contact: Liang YUAN E-mail:dongzekuan708411@163.com;yuanliang@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】Promoting the dissolution of phosphate fertilizer and reducing its fixation are important ways to ensure the phosphate supply and to improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer. In this study, the test products of phosphate fertilizer by adding hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and sodium gluconate (SG) into diammonium phosphate were prepared to investigate its dissolution, anti-fixation and fertisphere transformation characteristics, so as to provide a theoretical and technical basis for the efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizer. 【Method】 HEDP and SG were physically mixed with powdered diammonium phosphate at the addition ratio of 0, 0.5%, 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively, and the extrusion granulation was used to obtain the nine granular diammonium phosphate test products, specifically, common diammonium phosphate (P), HEDP0.5%+P, HEDP1%+P, HEDP3%+P, HEDP5%+P, SG0.5%+P, SG1%+P, SG3%+P, and SG5%+P. The dissolution rate and fixation rate of water-soluble phosphorus in different diammonium phosphate particles were analyzed and compared by using water dissolution rate method and CaCl2 precipitation method, respectively. A soil cultivation was conducted to investigate the transformation characteristics of diammonium phosphate in the fertisphere. 【Result】 (1) Adding HEDP and SG increased the dissolution rate of diammonium phosphate on average by 27.7% and 20.0%, respectively. When HEDP and SG were added at 5% and 0.5%, the dissolution rates were 5.1%·min-1 and 4.8%·min-1, respectively, higher than other additive rate, and also higher than P by 39.2% and 32.6%, respectively. (2) When HEDP and SG were added, the fixation rates of water-soluble phosphorus in diammonium phosphate decreased by 10.3% and 6.6%, respectively. When the additive rate of chelating agent was at 5% and 3%, the fixation rate of water-soluble phosphorus was lower than P by 58.1% and 61.3% for HEDP, 17.0% and 11.8% for SG, respectively. (3) The content of available phosphorus in the fertisphere soil treated with HEDP+P and SG+P significantly increased by 39.5% and 21.2%, respectively, and HEDP+P had a better performance. When the additive rate of HEDP and SG was at 3%, the available phosphorus content in fertisphere soil was 2.9 g·kg-1 and 2.5 g·kg-1, respectively, higher than that of P by 53.3% and 31.9%, respectively. (4) The Ca2-P contents in the fertisphere soil treated with HEDP+P and SG+P were higher than that of P by 38.2% and 43.0%, respectively, and both of HEDP and SG had a better performance when their additive amount at 3%. The Ca8-P content in the 5 mm fertisphere soil treated with HEDP+P and SG+P was lower than that of P by 33.6% and 14.5%, respectively. When the additive amount of HEDP and SG was at 0.5% and 3%, the Ca8-P content of fertisphere was 0.9 g·kg-1 and 1.5 g·kg-1, respectively, lower than that of P by 53.4% and 25.8%, respectively. (5) The contents of available phosphorus and Ca2-P in the fertisphere soil were positively correlated with the dissolution rate of phosphorus fertilizer and negatively correlated with the fixation rate of water-soluble phosphorus.【Conclusion】The addition of HEDP and SG could effectively enhance the dissolution of diammonium phosphate and reduce phosphorus fixation. HEDP had a better performance, and especially when its addition amount was at 3%, HEDP could more improve the available phosphorus content and decrease the transformation from Ca2-P to Ca8-P in the fertisphere soil.

Key words: diammonium phosphate, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, sodium gluconate, dissolution, anti-fixation, fertisphere, phosphorus forms

Table 1

The P2O5 content of diammonium phosphate products"

供试产品
Test product		 螯合剂
Chelating agent		 螯合剂添加量
Additive amount		 有效磷含量
Available phosphorus
content (P2O5, %)		 水溶性磷含量
Water-soluble phosphorus
content (P2O5, %)
P — — 46.61 42.83
HEDP0.5%+P 羟基乙叉二膦酸
Hydroxyethylidene
diphosphonic acid		 0.5% 46.48 42.61
HETP1%+P 1% 45.75 42.40
HETP3%+P 3% 45.24 41.55
HETP5%+P 5% 43.27 40.69
SG0.5%+P 葡萄糖酸钠
Sodium gluconate		 0.5% 46.28 42.68
SG1%+P 1% 45.15 42.30
SG3%+P 3% 44.31 41.50
SG5%+P 5% 43.47 40.67

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of the fertisphere soil sampling"

Table 2

Effects of HEDP and SG on the dissolution rate of water-soluble phosphorus in diammonium phosphate (%·min-1)"

处理
Treatment		 螯合剂添加量Additive amount 平均
Average
0.5% 1% 3% 5%
P 3.65cA 3.62bA 3.63cA 3.67cA 3.64
SG+P 4.84aA 4.11aC 4.53bB 4.67bAB 4.37
HEDP+P 4.61bB 4.18aC 4.98aA 5.11aA 4.65
平均Average 4.72 4.15 4.75 5.09 4.51

Table 3

Effects of HEDP and SG on the fixation rate of water-soluble phosphorus in diammonium phosphate (%)"

处理
Treatment		 螯合剂添加量Additive amount 平均
Average
0.5% 1% 3% 5%
P 68.29aA 70.40aA 69.56aA 69.93aA 69.14
SG+P 68.38aA 66.87bA 61.32bB 61.87bB 64.61
HEDP+P 65.19bA 64.33cA 60.55bB 58.05cB 62.03
平均Average 66.74 65.60 60.94 59.96 63.32

Fig. 2

Effects of different diammonium phosphate applications on available phosphorus content in fertisphere soil"

Fig. 3

Effects of different diammonium phosphate applications on the contents of Ca2-P and Ca8-P in fertisphere soil"

Table 4

Correlation between phosphorus content in the fertisphere soil with influencing factors (n=15)"

肥际微域磷形态
Phosphorus forms in the fertisphere soil		 磷肥溶解速率
Dissolution rate of phosphate fertilizer		 水溶性磷固定率
Water soluble phosphorus fixation rate
AP 0.686** -0.842**
Ca2-P 0.684** -0.869**
Ca8-P -0.082 -0.070
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