华北地区夏玉米滴灌施肥的肥料效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The experiment was carried out to study the fertilizer effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application rates on summer maize under low-yield soil conditions in North China, and provided a theoretical basis for high-efficiency drip fertigation of summer maize, in order to optimize drip fertigation system and promote the technology of water and fertilizer integration. 【Method】 Maize variety “Zhengdan 958” was used as materials in the two-year field experiment. Under the condition of one tube with two rows of drip fertigation belts, the experiment was subjected to four treatments for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively, of which nitrogen fertilizer treatments were 0, 144, 180, and 216 kg·hm ^-2(denoted as N0, N1, N2, and N3, respectively), phosphate fertilizer treatments were 0, 72, 90, and 108 kg·hm ^-2(denoted as P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively) and potassium fertilizer treatments were 0, 72, 90, and 108 kg·hm ^-2 (denoted as K0, K1, K2, and K3, respectively). The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were divided into four times by drip fertigation. The study analyzed the effects of different nitrogen, phosphate and potassium application rates on crop yield and the dry matter in different growing stages of summer maize, and analyzed the fertilizer use efficiency. 【Result】 (1) The yield of summer maize under the conditions of low-yield field in North China showed a parabolic linear change with the rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. The crop yield was the highest when the nitrogen application was 180 kg·hm ^-2 and the phosphorus application was 90 kg·hm ^-2. When the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application exceeded the maximum yield fertilization amount, the crop yield decreased with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus application, but the difference of nitrogen fertilizer treatment was not significant. And when the application rate of phosphate fertilizer exceeded 90 kg·hm ^-2, the yield of crop decreased significantly with the increase of phosphorus application (P＜0.05). In this treatment, the yield of summer maize increased with the amount of potassium applied. (2) Different fertilization treatments had little effect on the dry matter accumulation of summer maize in the early growth stage. The change of crop yield and the dry matter accumulation showed the same parabolic linear change along with the increase of nitrogen application rate and phosphorus application rate in the filling period and harvesting period. (3) The use efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 33.39%-58.44%, 14.15%-28.88% and 54.70%-65.75%, respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer average use efficiencies were 51.21%, 28.88% and 65.75%, respectively, when the yield of summer maize was the highest. The average agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 8.08 kg·kg ^-1, 11.41 kg·kg ^-1 and 8.83 kg·kg ^-1, respectively, under the highest yield conditions. At this point, the average partial factor productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 59.88 kg·kg ^-1, 119.75 kg·kg ^-1 and 100.65 kg·kg ^-1, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of drip fertigation in low-yield soil in North China, the optimum nitrogen and phosphorus application were 180 kg·hm ^-2 and 90 kg·hm ^-2, respectively. The yield of summer maize would decrease when nitrogen application exceeded 180 kg·hm ^-2or phosphorus application rate surpassed 90 kg·hm ^-2, but the yield of summer maize would increase along with the increase of potassium application. Drip fertigation could obtain higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer use efficiency, which was 51.21%, 28.88% and 65.75%, respectively.

Key words: summer maize, drip fertigation, fertilizer use efficiency, crop yield, dry matter accumulation

LI Ge, BAI YouLu, YANG LiPing, LU YanLi, WANG Lei, ZHANG JingJing, ZHANG YinJie. Effect of Drip Fertigation on Summer Maize in North China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(11): 1930-1941.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·L^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·L^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·L^-1)	有效钾 Available potassium (mg·L^-1)	碱溶有机质 OM (%)	有效硫 Available sulphur (mg·L^-1)	有效硼 Available boron (mg·L^-1)	有效铁 Available iron (mg·L^-1)	有效锰Available manganese (mg·L^-1)	有效铜Available copper (mg·L^-1)	有效锌Available zinc (mg·L^-1)	有效钙Available calcium (mg·L^-1)	有效镁Available magnesium (mg·L^-1)
0-20	21.8	12.9	22.7	96.4	0.75	17.2	2.9	5.3	12.8	0.9	3.5	1788.4	139.4
20-40	21.7	10.2	8.5	60.3	0.69	41.5	2.4	6.3	12.8	0.8	1.9	1862.1	131.2

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗粒数（粒） Grain per ear	百粒重 100 grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	增产率 Increased rate (%)	平均增产率 Average increased rate (%)
2017	N0	490.53c	35.02b	10434.44c	-
	N1	562.81b	37.40a	10864.07b	4.12
	N2	577.87a	37.75a	11774.73a	12.84	9.34
	N3	564.40b	35.23b	11588.69a	11.06
	P0	536.78c	35.43c	10985.38d	-
	P1	553.03bc	36.58b	11233.70c	2.26
	P2	577.87a	37.75a	11774.73a	7.19	4.51
	P3	559.83b	37.65a	11433.06b	4.08
	K0	544.86b	35.62b	11128.57b	-
	K1	563.20ab	36.68ab	11690.40a	5.05
	K2	577.87a	37.75a	11774.73a	5.81	5.77
	K3	580.49a	37.52a	11844.73a	6.44
2018	N0	542.39b	32.00a	8212.74c	-
	N1	551.80b	33.48a	9344.20b	13.78
	N2	575.89a	33.89a	9780.53a	19.09	16.70
	N3	560.48ab	34.05a	9627.33a	17.22
	P0	538.61b	33.31a	8516.97c	-
	P1	537.63b	34.10a	8866.98b	4.11
	P2	575.89a	33.89a	9780.53a	14.84	8.35
	P3	588.57a	32.99a	9037.52b	6.11
	K0	547.20a	32.70b	8704.89b	-
	K1	553.02a	33.55ab	9747.54a	11.98
	K2	575.89a	33.89ab	9780.53a	12.36	12.67
	K3	579.87a	34.45a	9894.91a	13.67

年份Year	处理Treatment	氮肥利用率NFUE (%)	氮肥农学效率NAE(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力NPFP (kg·kg^-1)
2017	N0	-	-	-
	N1	68.66a	2.98b	75.44a
	N2	55.37b	7.45a	65.42b
	N3	37.60c	5.34a	53.65c
2018	N0	-	-	-
	N1	48.23a	7.86ab	64.89a
	N2	47.05a	8.71a	54.34b
	N3	29.18b	6.55b	44.57c

年份Year	处理Treatment	磷肥利用率PFUE (%)	磷肥农学效率PAE(kg·kg^-1)	磷肥偏生产力PPFP (kg·kg^-1)
2017	P0	-	-	-
	P1	15.67b	3.45b	156.02a
	P2	26.54a	8.77a	130.83b
	P3	27.87a	4.15b	105.86c
2018	P0	-	-	-
	P1	12.63b	4.86b	123.15a
	P2	31.21a	14.04a	108.67b
	P3	19.40ab	4.82b	83.68c

年份Year	处理Treatment	钾肥利用率KFUE (%)	钾肥农学效率KAE (kg·kg^-1)	钾肥偏生产力KPFP (kg·kg^-1)
2017	K0	-	-	-
	K1	61.44a	7.80a	162.37a
	K2	67.08a	7.18a	130.83b
	K3	73.19a	6.63a	109.67c
2018	K0	-	-	-
	K1	47.96a	14.48a	135.38a
	K2	57.13a	11.95a	108.67b
	K3	58.30a	11.02a	91.62c

Effect of Drip Fertigation on Summer Maize in North China

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处理 Treatment	肥料种类 Type of fertilizer	肥料用量 Fertilizer application rate (kg·hm^-2)
N0	N（P90、K90）	0
N1		144
N2		180
N3		216
P0	P (N180、K90)	0
P1		72
P2		90
P3		108
K0	K（N180、P90）	0
K1		72
K2		90
K3		108

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