Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 1918-1929.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.007

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Variation in Rice Yield Response to Fertilization in China: Meta-analysis

HAN TianFu1,MA ChangBao2,HUANG Jing1,3,LIU KaiLou1,4,XUE YanDong2,LI DongChu1,3,LIU LiSheng1,3,ZHANG Lu1,3,LIU ShuJun1,3,ZHANG HuiMin1,3()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081
    2 Center of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125
    3 Red Soil Experimental Station of CAAS in Hengyang/National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Qiyang 426182, Hunan
    4 Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/ National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang 330046
  • Received:2018-12-04 Accepted:2019-01-18 Online:2019-06-01 Published:2019-06-11
  • Contact: HuiMin ZHANG E-mail:zhanghuimin@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 A meta study was conducted to investigate the comprehensive effect of fertilization on rice yield in Chinese paddy soils during the past 30 years, and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific correct application of fertilizers in rice cultivation areas. 【Method】 Based on the long-term paddy soil monitoring sites from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, we conducted meta-analysis to investigate the rice yield response to no fertilization versus fertilization in different agro-climatic regions. 【Result】 Rice yield in the past 10 years (2008-2017) was significantly higher than the corresponding rice yield in 1988-1997 and 1998-2007, regardless of fertilization. The increase of rice yield with fertilization in southwest of China was by 98.5%, which was significantly higher than that of in north of China (70.3%). Fertilization increased rice yield by 99.1%, 84.2% and 78.1% during 1988-1997, 1998-2007 and 2008-2017, respectively. For the cropping system, the increase of rice yield under triple cropping system (92.0%) was significantly higher than that under single cropping system (76.2%) and double cropping system (81.9%). Fertilization increased rice yield by 85.9% under double rice cropping system, by 75.9% under single cropping system, and by 79.5% under other cropping system. Compared with no fertilizer, chemical plus organic fertilizer application increased rice yield by 88.3%, which was higher than that of single chemical fertilizer application (76.6%). Fertilization significantly increased rice yield in clay soil by 92.0%, compared with no fertilization, which significantly higher than that in sandy soil (58.0%) and loam soil (77.5%). With the increase of soil organic matter and available phosphorus, the increasing trend of fertilization on rice yield was decreased compared with no fertilization. Under higher soil pH (＞7.5) and lower soil total nitrogen (＜1.5 g·kg -1) and slow available potassium (＜150 mg·kg -1), the rice yield increasing was more than that of corresponding the rest of level. Random forest analysis showed that the region, soil total nitrogen and cropping system had greater impact on the response ratio (RR) of rice yield. In addition, the agronomic efficiency of fertilizer was positively correlated with rice yield RR. 【Conclusion】 Although the trend of increasing rice yield by fertilization was decreasing at present, but combined appropriate chemical plus organic fertilizer, especially in southwest of China, were important measures to improve and maintain high rice yield. Base on the cropping system, combining soil texture, soil nitrogen and potassium content should be the main basis for fertilizer input in different rice cultivation areas.

Key words: fertilization, rice yield, Meta-analysis, response ratio, agronomic efficiency

Table 1

Descriptive statistics for sample size"

样本量
Number		 均值
Mean (t·hm-2)		 标准差
SD		 极小值
Min (t·hm-2)		 极大值
Max (t·hm-2)		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis		 Q PQ
924 7.6 3.1 0.9 17.3 0.61 0.104 2.029 0.001

Fig. 1

The yield of rice under different treatments CK means no fertilizer treatment, F means conventional fertilizer treatment. Different lowercases indicate significantly different (P＜0.05); The solid line in the box represents the median value, and dash line represents the average value. The upper and lower of the box represent 75% and 25% of total data, respectively. The upper and lower of the lines represent 95% and 5% of total data, respectively. The upper and lower of the solid points represent the vertical outliers. The values in parentheses represent the number of rice yield data of each treatment"

Fig. 2

Response ratio (RR++) of rice yield in response to fertilization practices in different regions, times, and cropping systems Dots with error bars denote the overall mean response ratio and 95% CI, respectively. The 95% CI that do not go across the zero line mean significant difference between treatment and control. The values in parentheses represent independent sample size. The same as below"

Fig. 3

Response ratio (RR++) of rice yield in response to fertilization practices in different crops, fertilizers, and soil textures"

Fig. 4

Response ratio (RR++) of rice yield in response to fertilization practices in different the soil pH, organic matter, and total nitrogen levels SOM: Soil organic matter; STN: Soil total nitrogen. The same as below"

Fig. 5

Response ratio (RR++) of rice yield in response to fertilization practices in different the soil available phosphorus, available potassium and slowly available potassium levels AP: Soil available phosphorus; AK: Soil available potassium; SAK: Soil slowly available potassium. The same as below"

Fig. 6

Variable importance"

Fig. 7

Relationship between the response ratio (RR++) of rice yield and fertilizer agricultural efficiency CF: Chemical fertilizer; CMF: Chemical and organic fertilizer"

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