Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (7): 1247-1259.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.07.012

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of Soil Water Utilization in Spring Wheat Field with Different Straw Retention Approaches in Dry Inland Irrigation Areas

YIN Wen,CHAI Qiang(),HU FaLong,FAN ZhiLong,FAN Hong,YU AiZhong,ZHAO Cai   

  1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2018-09-06 Accepted:2018-10-29 Online:2019-04-01 Published:2019-04-04
  • Contact: Qiang CHAI E-mail:chaiq@gsau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】In oasis irrigated agricultural region, water resources scarcity is one of the most prominent constraints for crop production, which also leads to the unstable yield and the lower water use efficiency of crop production with conventional tillage. In this study, the characteristics of soil water utilization in spring wheat field with different straw retention approaches were investigated in the areas, so as to optimize the farming practices and to improve the water use efficiency. 【Method】A field experiment was carried out in a typical oasis irrigation region, Wuwei, Gansu Province, from 2014 to 2016, to determine the effects of treatments of straw retention patterns on soil water utilization of spring wheat field. The treatments included reduced tillage with 25 to 30 cm high straw standing (NTSS), reduced tillage with 25 to 30 cm high straw covering (NTS), conventional tillage with 25 to 30 cm high straw incorporation (TS), and conventional tillage without straw retention (CT, the control). 【Result】Reduced tillage with straw retention could decrease evapotranspiration of spring wheat field, furthermore NTSS and NTS treatments decreased evapotranspiration by 3.1% to 7.8%, 3.7% to 7.7%, compared to CT treatment, respectively. NTSS and NTS treatments decreased evapotranspiration of wheat before early-filling stage but increased it afterwards, so this created a more optimal balance between early- and late-stage water demand of spring wheat. NTSS and NTS treatments could enhance the effectiveness of water by inhibiting soil evaporation and reducing the proportion of evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET) for the spring wheat field. NTSS and NTS treatments reduced soil evaporation by 9.3% to 17.4% and 10.8% to 23.3% over CT treatment, and reduced by 4.0% to 5.8% and 5.6% to 11.4% over TS treatment, respectively. Among the two reduced tillage with straw retention treatments, NTS had the best effect on inhibiting soil evaporation, thus this treatment reduced E/ET by 6.9% to 21.3%. The grain yield of NTSS, NTS, TS was 16.6% to 24.9%, 18.6% to 27.3%, 10.2% to 18.7% greater than that of CT treatment, respectively, among the three straw retention treatments, NTSS and NTS had greater grain yield by 5.2% to 5.9% and 7.2% to 9.5% than that of TS treatment, respectively. Thus, straw retention treatments had greater water use efficiency (WUE), compared to CT treatment, NTSS, NTS, and TS treatments improved WUE by 21.1% to 28.3%, 26.6% to 30.6%, 13.1% to 20.3%, respectively. Across the three straw retention treatments, NTSS and NTS treatments improved WUE by 6.7% to 11.9%, 8.6% to 13.7%, in comparison to TS treatment, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Our results showed that reduced tillage in combination with 25 to 30 cm high straw standing and covering was the feasible technology for realizing high yield, stable yield and efficient utilization of irrigation water of spring wheat production in the oasis irrigation region.

Key words: straw retention, tillage practice, water consumption characteristics, yield, water use efficiency, spring wheat

Table 1

The precipitation across various month of spring wheat growing period in the testing years (mm)"

年份
Year		 月份 Month
三月
March		 四月
April		 五月
May		 六月
June		 七月
July		 春小麦全生育期
Entire growing period of spring wheat
2014 0.3 19.6 17.9 23.7 39.4 100.9
2015 0 16.0 18.6 39.5 34.6 108.7
2016 0 19.3 23.2 33.2 31.2 106.9

Fig. 1

Dynamics of soil water content at 0-120 cm soil layer of spring wheat field with different straw retention approaches Error bars above the curves indicate the value of LSD in the figure. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Vertical changes of soil water content at 0-120 cm soil layer of various determining period under different straw retention approaches The dates were 18 March, 22 April to 7 June, 19 June to 14 July, and 23 July in 2014, 28 March, 23 April to 5 June, 21 June to 15 July, and 27 July in 2015, and 29 March, 19 April to 5 June, 26 June to 12 July, and 20 July in 2016, the corresponding growing periods of wheat were sowing stage, vegetative growth period, reproductive growth stage, harvesting stage, respectively"

Table 2

Evapotranspiration (ET) and evapotranspiration modulus coefficient (EC) of spring wheat at each of growth period under different straw retention approaches"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 播种—拔节期
Sowing—jointing		 拔节—孕穗期
Jointing—booting		 孕穗—灌浆初期
Booting—early-filling		 灌浆初期—收获期
Early-filling—harvesting		 全生育期
Entire growth period
ET (mm) CP (%) ET (mm) CP (%) ET (mm) CP (%) ET (mm) CP (%) ET (mm)
2014 NTSS 108a 27.5a 88b 22.3b 76d 19.2d 122a 31.0a 393ab
NTS 105a 27.1a 84b 21.6c 82c 21.0c 118ab 30.4a 389b
TS 97b 24.5b 98a 24.6a 93b 23.3b 109c 27.6b 397ab
CT 94b 23.2c 101a 24.8a 99a 24.3a 112bc 27.7b 406a
2015 NTSS 103a 25.8a 94c 23.6bc 87c 21.8b 115a 28.8a 399b
NTS 100ab 25.2a 93c 23.2c 90c 22.6b 116a 29.0a 399b
TS 98b 23.4b 103b 24.4ab 111b 26.5a 108b 25.7b 421a
CT 98b 22.6b 108a 25.1a 119a 27.5a 107b 24.7b 432a
2016 NTSS 113b 27.6bc 95b 23.1a 98b 23.9a 105b 25.5b 411a
NTS 119a 29.1a 89c 21.7b 90c 21.8b 113a 27.5a 411a
TS 118ab 28.4ab 97ab 23.3a 103a 24.7a 98c 23.6c 416a
CT 113b 26.8c 100a 23.8a 102a 24.2a 106b 25.2b 422a

Fig. 3

Dynamics of soil evaporation of spring wheat field with different straw retention approaches"

Fig. 4

Dynamics of evaporation/evapotranspiration (E/ET) of spring wheat field with different straw retention approaches Different letters represent the significant difference between treatments at 0.05 level in the figure. The same as below"

Fig. 5

Responses of grain yield (A) and water use efficiency (B) for spring wheat to different straw retention approaches The statistical analysis was performed in each treatment in each testing year"

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