短期生物炭添加对不同类型土壤细菌和氨氧化微生物的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.07.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Ammonia oxidation is the first step in nitrification and the rate-limiting step in nitrification. It is a key link in the global nitrogen cycle. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of peanut shell biochar application on bacteria and ammonia oxidation in different type soils in China, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the promotion and use of biochar.【Method】Yellow-brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil and black soil were utilized as the tested soil. Through short-term culture experiments, 16SrRNA sequencing was used to study the effects of biochar on ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, bacterial community structure and related enzyme gene expression in different type soils. Four treatments for each soil included CK (no fertilizer and biochar), F (single fertilization), C (single 2% peanut shell biochar), and FC (application of fertilizer + 2% peanut shell biochar).【Result】Acid soil pH increased significantly by 0.5-1.0 units after application of biochar (C, FC), but alkaline soil pH decreased significantly by 0.5-0.6 units; the microbial abundance and diversity of yellow-brown soil increased significantly caused by single application of biochar (C). The fluvo-aquic only significantly increased the microbial diversity index of the soil when it was applied to biochar alone (C). Biochar and chemical fertilizers did not significantly change soil abundance and diversity in black soil; the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in three soils was higher than that of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. The measured OTU abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was about 8.1 times that of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Biochar and chemical fertilizers did not significantly alter the OTU abundance in the thaumarchaeota, but had a significant effect on the OTU abundance in the beta and gamma proteobacteria. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the three soils were mainly β-proteobacteria, accounting for about 60%. In addition, the application of biochar (C, FC) significantly changed the microbial community structure of yellow-brown soil on PC1 (40.4%), and significantly changed the microbial community structure of fluvo-aquic soil on both PC1 (42.3%) and PC2 (21.3%). After application of biochar (C, FC), the expression of ammonia synthesis related enzyme gene in fluvo-aquic soil decreased significantly by 14.7%-39.9% in a short period of time, and the ammoxidation archaea abundance decreased by 70.5% and 48.7% under C treatment and FC treatment, respectively.【Conclusion】After application of biochar, the microbial community structure of yellow-brown soil and fluvo-aquic soil was significantly changed, and the ammoxidation of fluvo-aquic soil was obviously inhibited in a short period of time.

Key words: biochar, chemical fertilizer, ammonia oxidation, microbial community structure, yellow-brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, black soil

ZHANG MengYang,XIA Hao,LÜ Bo,CONG Ming,SONG WenQun,JIANG CunCang. Short-Term Effect of Biochar Amendments on Total Bacteria and Ammonia Oxidizers Communities in Different Type Soils[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(7): 1260-1271.

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References 51

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土壤类型 Soil type	质地 Soil texture	pH	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)
黄棕壤Yellow-brown soil (YB)	黏土Clay	5.2	77.7	49.2	169.4	13.3
潮土Fluvo-aquic soil (FA)	壤土Loam	5.6	43.9	9.3	84.7	8.7
黑土Black soil (B)	黏土Clay	8.8	125.5	3.6	259.2	32.5

因素Factor	F	P value
单施化肥处理F treatment	38.379	0.000
单施生物炭处理C treatment	271.157	0.000
土壤类型Soil type	4304.294	0.000
F×C	11.815	0.002
F×Soil type	57.887	0.000
C×Soil type	121.239	0.000
F×C×Soil type	0.204	0.817

处理 Treatment	奇古菌Thaumarchaeota			β和γ变形菌β, γ- Proteobacteria
处理 Treatment	YB	FA	B	YB	FA	B
CK	152a	216a	763a	4768ab	6156ab	2141ab
F	285a	194a	873a	4744ab	5726b	1937b
C	219a	63a	1259a	3997b	6626a	1918b
FC	130a	110a	1121a	5267a	6417a	2969a

土壤类型Soil type	CK	F	C	FC
YB	260856a	250203a	238879a	230877a
FA	263525a	253256ab	242993bc	234804c
B	225273a	220124a	223533a	226165a

酶 Enzyme	EC（编号）EC (number)	YB				FA				B
酶 Enzyme	EC（编号）EC (number)	CK	F	C	FC	CK	F	C	FC	CK	F	C	FC
甲酰胺酶 Formamidase	1.7.2.1	1073a	1384a	1014a	1083a	1077a	1069a	892a	933a	361b	328b	329b	477a
腈水解酶 Nitrilase	3.5.1.49	4513ab	5000a	4044b	4582ab	5402a	6062a	5352a	5025a	5849a	5448a	5232a	6008a
氰酸裂合酶 Cyanate lyase	3.5.5.1	7036ab	7303ab	5903b	7985a	9535a	8958a	9566a	9398a	9240ab	8538bc	8168c	9710a
氨基甲酸酯激酶 Carbamate kinase	4.2.1.104	4006ab	3632b	3521b	4448a	4539a	4761a	4592a	4837a	4657a	4547a	4384a	4533a
谷氨酸脱氢酶 Glutamate dehydrogenase	2.7.2.2	4984ab	5332a	4574ab	4200b	5148a	5068a	3263b	3092b	9561a	9745a	10561a	10095a
谷氨酸脱氢酶(NAD(P)+) Glutamate dehydrogenase ((NAD(P)+)	1.4.1.2	9631ab	10188a	8444b	9389ab	10659a	11757a	8684b	8277b	17594a	16898a	16405a	16705a
谷氨酸脱氢酶(NADP+) Glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+)	1.4.1.3	43350a	42063a	41901a	35676a	43520a	39070b	36778b	37143b	29553a	32706a	35500a	32690a
亚硝酸还原酶 (不分解) Nitrite reductase (No-forming)	1.4.1.4	13424a	11436a	10945a	12922a	12085bc	14166a	13367ab	10763c	13604a	13240a	14048a	13256a

Short-Term Effect of Biochar Amendments on Total Bacteria and Ammonia Oxidizers Communities in Different Type Soils

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