Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 86-97.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Yield and Quality of Cucumber and Partial Factor Productivity of Fertilizer

JIANG JingJing1,2(),QU Feng1,2,SU ChunJie1,2,YANG JianFeng1,YU Jian3,HU XiaoHui1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, Shaanxi;
    2 Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture/Shaanxi Province Facility Agriculture Engineering Center, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    3 Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xi′an 710000;
  • Received:2018-05-22 Accepted:2018-08-22 Online:2019-01-01 Published:2019-01-12
  • Contact: XiaoHui HU E-mail:wszgdjj@126.com;hxh1977@163.com

Abstract:

【Objective】Substrate cultivation is one of the effective ways to solve the adverse influences of soil texture deterioration on crop production which were cultivated in protected environment. With lacking standard of water and fertilizer management for substrate cultivation, in order to ensure the standard of irrigation and fertilizer coupling on yield, dry weight, quality, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and water use efficiency of cucumber cultivated in substrate in spring, the irrigation and fertilizer supply systems for high yield, quality, and efficient production of cucumber substrate were investigated.【Method】‘ChunyouNo.1’ cucumber was chosen as the materials, and the experiment was subjected to three irrigation water levels (W1 (75% crop evapo-transpiration, ETc), W2 (100% ETc) and W3 (125% ETc)) and three Yamazaki cucumber nutrient solution formula concentrations (F1 (75%), F2 (100%), F3 (125%)). The study analyzed the effects of different water and fertilizer coupling on cucumber yield, dry weight, quality, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and water use efficiency. The multivariate regression analysis and spatial analysis methods were used to obtain the best combination of irrigation and fertilizer for efficient cultivation of spring cucumber in plastic greenhouses. 【Result】The increase of irrigation was beneficial to the growth of cucumber yield and partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP). The yield (7 667.3 kg/667m 2) and PFP (205.67 kg·kg -1) of W3F1 treatment were the largest during the 60 days of the harvest period. Under the same fertilization conditions, PFP was increasing with the increase of irrigation volume. Under the condition of F1, the net photosynthetic rate of W3 treatment was lower than W1, but its leaf area index was larger, therefore higher assimilation amount and yield were obtained. Under the same irrigation condition, the Vitamin C and reducing sugar performance of cucumber fruit under W1 level was the best, while the soluble solids and soluble protein of cucumber fruit under W3 had the best value. Through the multivariate regression analysis and the spatial analysis methods to evaluate yield, quality and partial factor productivity of fertilizer, the results showed that the fertilization and irrigation amount obtained was about 36.0-42.2 kg/667m 2 and 198.0-219.8 m 3/667m 2, or 42.2-44.6 kg/667m 2 and 206.3-219.8 m 3/667m 2. 【Conclusion】Irrigation level and fertilization level significantly affected growth, yield, quality, WUE and PFP. The best strategy of fertilization and irrigation for the production of drip-irrigated cultivated cucumber grown in substrate bags in Spring is level which yield, nitrate content and PFP of cucumber were ±10% of optimal value.

Key words: cucumber, substrate bag culture, coupling of water and fertilizer, quality, yield, partial factor productivity of fertilizer, regression analysis, spatial analysis

Fig. 1

Irrigation volume of per cucumber over the growth period There was no irrigation on a rainy day"

Table 1

Effects of different water and fertilizer coupling on cucumber plant height, stem diameter and leaf area index"

处理 Treatment 株高 Plant height (cm) 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) 叶面积指数 Leaf area index
W1F1 138.60e 7.78a 1.53d
W2F1 162.83bc 7.43a 1.93a
W3F1 169.31ab 7.93a 1.94a
W1F2 158.80c 7.74a 1.73b
W2F2 146.70d 7.00a 1.65bc
W3F2 175.87a 7.27a 1.88a
W1F3 148.67d 6.93a 1.60cd
W2F3 160.07c 8.12a 1.84a
W3F3 147.30d 6.97a 1.58cd
显著性检验F值(F value)
灌水 Irrigation 10.081** 0.037 11.858**
施肥 Fertilization 33.543** 0.397 11.859**
灌水×施肥 Irrigation × Fertilization 32.367** 0.921 11.860**

Table 2

Effects of different water and fertilizer coupling on cucumber photosynthetic characteristics"

处理
Treatment
净光合速率
Pn (μmol·m-2·s-1)
蒸腾速率
Tr (mmol·m-2·s-1)
气孔导度
Gs (mol·m-2·s-1)
胞间CO2浓度
Ci (μmol·mol-1)
W1F1 27.03a 7.94a 0.19 ab 202.10ab
W1F2 20.18cd 6.77b 0.16b 156.35b
W1F3 21.88bcd 6.90b 0.17ab 186.49ab
W2F1 22.82abcd 7.85a 0.19ab 208.35 a
W2F2 19.32d 6.91b 0.18ab 196.40ab
W2F3 24.38abc 6.89b 0.18ab 170.69ab
W3F1 22.29bcd 7.23ab 0.18ab 166.37ab
W3F2 22.43bcd 7.47ab 0.19a 196.28ab
W3F3 24.83ab 6.77b 0.18ab 167.85ab

Table 3

Effects of irrigation and fertilization coupling on fruit quality of cucumber"

处理
Treatment
可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein (mg·g-1)
维生素C
Vc (mg·100g-1)
还原糖
Soluble sugar (%)
硝酸盐
Nitrate content (mg·kg-1)
可溶性固形物
Soluble solids (%)
W1F1 0.20d 36.78b 2.25a 342.27d 3.20c
W2F1 0.28c 30.03de 1.77bc 289.24e 2.37f
W3F1 0.28c 31.25cde 1.73c 261.71f 2.87e
W1F2 0.28c 29.03e 1.68c 403.27c 3.07d
W2F2 0.35b 28.67e 1.82bc 361.61d 3.23c
W3F2 0.51a 33.92bc 1.83bc 300.42e 3.90a
W1F3 0.35b 41.17a 2.20a 504.58a 3.37b
W2F3 0.22d 33.11cd 1.81bc 465.82b 3.47b
W3F3 0.31bc 33.92bc 2.04ab 384.95c 3.90a
显著性检验F值 F value of significance test
灌水Irrigation 38.878 ** 16.666 ** 6.386 ** 79.333** 118.467**
施肥Fertilization 66.209** 20.244 ** 5.891 * 98.732 ** 260.867**
灌水×施肥Irrigation Fertilization 34.272** 9.575 ** 5.275** 2.931 62.467**

Fig. 2

Effects of different water and fertilizer coupling treatments on cucumber dry weight and yield"

Fig. 3

Effects of different water and fertilizer coupling on cucumber water use efficiency (WUE) and partial factor productivity of fertilizer (PFP)"

Table 4

Regression equation for response variable of yield, water use efficiency, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and nitrate content with irrigation and fertilization amount"

因变量Response variable Y 回归方程Regression equation R2 P
产量Yield Y1=-1.818+0.0649F +0.1003W +1.6974×10-3 F2-4.0833×10-4W2-2.226F×10-3W 0.8572 0.0001
水分利用效率Water use efficiency Y2=-36.4327+4.655F +1.6539W -4.4328×10-2F2-9.4245×10-3W2-5.923×10-2FW 0.8340 0.0001
肥料偏生产力Partial factor productivity of fertilizer Y3=46.723-17.763F +8.988W +0.7707F2-3.099×10-2W2-0.2706FW 0.9218 0.0001
硝酸盐含量Nitrate content Y4=314.643-10.939F +2.773W +1.386F2-3.410×10-2W2-0.1948FW 0.9757 0.0001

Fig. 4

Relationship of irrigation amount and fertilization amount with yield, water use efficiency, partial factor productivity of fertilizer and nitrate content"

Fig. 5

Comprehensive evaluation of yield, water use efficiency, nitrate content and partial factor productivity of fertilizer The shaded area is shown in the yield, fertilizer partial productivity and nitrate ±10% optimum value"

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