Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 98-110.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.010

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Changes in the Contents of Ascorbic Acid and the Activities of Related Enzymes in Black Currant Fruits During the Process of Its Growth and Development

SUN XiaoJuan(),LIU QingShuai,YUN AngRan,ZHANG Yan,HUO JunWei(),QIN Dong(),JIANG Ting   

  1. School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University/Small Fruit Development and Utilization of National Local Joint Engineering Research Center in Cold Region, Harbin 150030
  • Received:2018-05-29 Accepted:2018-09-19 Online:2019-01-01 Published:2019-01-12
  • Contact: JunWei HUO,Dong QIN E-mail:1837770189@qq.com;junweihuo@aliyun.com;dongq9876@126.com

Abstract:

【Objective】 The changes in the ascorbic acid (AsA) contents and the enzymatic activities during the anabolic process of different cultivars and growth stages of black currant fruits were studied to determine the relationship between AsA contents and anabolic enzymes during the growth and development of fruits, so as to provide a theoretical basis for comprehensively revealing the accumulation rule of AsA in black currant fruits. 【Method】 Three different cultivars of black currant fruits (Adelinia, Brodtrop and Heifeng) were studied and determined the contents of reduced AsA, oxidized ascorbic acid (DHA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and anabolic enzymatic activities of young, expansion, half-veraison, veraison and maturity stages. 【Result】 There were significant diversities in fruit sizes, AsA contents and AsA metabolites of different cultivars of black currant fruits. The Adelinia had the largest weight of single fruit (1.97 g). During the growth and development process of fruits, the changes in the total ascorbic acid (T-AsA) and AsA contents of fruits were consistent among the three cultivars, and the young fruits had the highest contents. The AsA content of young Adelinia fruit was the highest (83.17 μmol?g -1 FW) and then sharply decreased rapidly to the maturity stage with the growth of the fruit, which decreased to 21.28 μmol?g -1 FW at maturity stage. The contents of GSH and T-GSH in the three cultivars increased with the development of fruits, but the different cultivars increased in different stages and degrees. The content of GSSG was quite different among different cultivars. For the mature fruits, the GSSG content of Heifeng was the lowest, which was 0.008 μmol?g -1 FW and only accounted for 10.2% of Adelinia. In AsA-GSH recycling regeneration metabolism, the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) showed the highest level at expansion period, and finally decreased to the lowest level at maturity stage. The DHAR and MDHAR activities of Brodtrop fruits showed slightly higher than those of Adelinia and Heifeng fruits. The activity of glutathione reductase (GR) was the highest level at young stage. The GR activity of Adelinia young fruits was the highest (0.06 μmol?min -1?g -1 FW), and then decreased with the growth of fruits. The changes in the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were similar to the changes in the activities of GR. The changes in the activities of L-galactose-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), a key enzyme of L-galactose pathway, were consistent with the changes in AsA contents. The GalLDH activity of Adelinia young and mature fruits showed higher than that of Heifeng and Brodtrop young and mature fruits, respectively. According to the correlation analysis, the GalLDH activity showed a highly significant positive correlationship with T-AsA, AsA, DHA, DHAR and MDHAR. The correlation coefficient was above 0.91. The higher GalLDH activity was found in the fruits, the higher AsA contents of fruits also was found. There was a highly significant positive correlationship between DHAR and MDHAR, T-AsA and AsA. The APX had a high correlation with T-GSH and GSH. 【Conclusion】 The AsA content of black currant young fruits was the highest and there were significant differences among the three cultivars. The GalLDH, MDHAR and DHAR might be the key enzymes for AsA anabolism in black currant fruits. The accumulation of AsA content of black currant fruits resulted from the activity of GalLDH, which indicated that the anabolic pathway played a more important role and were found to be a dominant position. The related enzymes of AsA-GSH recycling regeneration pathway also contributed to the AsA anabolism. The accumulation of high AsA content in black currant fruits resulted from the combined effects of anabolic and recycling pathways.

Key words: Ribes nigrum L., fruit, ascorbic acid, anabolism, L-galactose-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase

Fig. 1

Fruit development stage of black currant"

Fig. 2

Changes of single fruit weight, horizontal diameter and vertical diameter of black currant The different letters in the same cultivar showed significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 3

Changes of T-AsA, AsA, and DHA levels during growth and development of black currant"

Fig. 4

Changes of T-GSH, GSH, and GSSG contents during growth and development of black currant"

Fig. 5

Changes of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSH ratios during growth and development of black currant"

Fig. 6

Changes of AsA-GSH cycle enzyme activity during growth and development of black currant"

Fig. 7

Changes of GalLDH activity during growth and development of black currant"

Table 1

Correlation coefficients of AsA anabolic and related enzymes during the growth and development of Adelinia fruit"

指标 Index T-AsA AsA DHA AsA/DHA T-GSH GSH GSSG GSH/GSSG MDHAR DHAR GR APX GalLDH
T-AsA 1 0.986** 0.942** 0.113 0.238 0.216 0.763* -0.172 0.925** 0.921** -0.395 -0.315 0.958**
AsA 1 0.957** 0.309 0.403 0.357 0.754* -0.089 0.917** 0.929** -0.562 -0.455 0.982**
DHA 1 0.263 0.307 0.423 0.712* 0.124 0.916** 0.925** -0.573 -0.221 0.972**
AsA/DHA 1 -0.458 0.932** -0.749* 0.918** 0.589 0.017 -0.918** -0.937** -0.562
T-GSH 1 0.961** 0.881** 0.873** 0.624* 0.009 -0.877** -0.942** 0.934**
GSH 1 -0.291 0.925** 0.635* 0.078 -0.963** -0.967** 0.748*
GSSG 1 -0.938** 0.872* 0.328 -0.778* -0.872** 0.596*
GSH/GSSG 1 -0.815* -0.152 -0.821* -0.857** 0.834*
MDHAR 1 0.782** -0.726** -0.684* 0.935**
DHAR 1 -0.313 -0.176 0.942**
GR 1 0.929** 0.376
APX 1 0.818*
GalLDH 1
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