Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (21): 4020-4029.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.21.002

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis on the Trends of Yield and Quality Related Traits for Maize Hybrids Released in China over the Past Years

XianMin CHEN1(),XiaoGui LIANG1,Xue ZHAO1,Zhen GAO1,Gong WU1,Si SHEN1,Shan LIN1,LiLi ZHOU1,ShunLi ZHOU1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
    2 Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Wuqiao for Crops with High Water Use Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuqiao 061802, Hebei
  • Received:2018-05-11 Accepted:2018-07-16 Online:2018-11-01 Published:2018-11-01
  • Contact: XianMin CHEN,ShunLi ZHOU E-mail:17801238825@163.com;zhoushl@cau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】Simultaneous improvement in yield and quality of maize hybrids is vital to improve maize variety and develop the maize industry. Amounts of studies focused on the trends of crude starch and crude protein concentrations with maize varieties released in different eras, however, the results are different and the relationships between different substances were rarely mentioned. Hence, further exploration of the changing trends of yield and quality related traits for maize hybrids released in China over the past years and their intrinsic connections are needed. 【Method】The information of 770 maize varieties released in China from 1992 to 2017 were collected, and the related traits of yield and quality of the 73.64% common maize hybrids were used for further analysis. 【Result】The results showed that the volume weight, 1000-kernel weight and crude starch concentration were significantly or highly significantly increased with an average annual improvements of 1.87 g·L -1, 0.91 g, and 0.19%, respectively. To the contrast, the crude fat concentration was significantly reduced by 0.03% per year. The annual average of crude protein and lysine concentration remained stable along with time, the averages from 1992 to 2017 were 9.88% and 0.30%, respectively. Correlation analysis was processed and both volume weight and 1000-kernel weight were significantly positively correlated with crude starch concentration, however, they were negatively related to the crude fat concentration to some extent. In addition, both of the crude protein and lysine concentration showed extremely significant negative relationships with the crude starch concentration and 1000-kernel weight. The accumulation trends based on 1000-kernel weight showed that crude starch, crude protein and lysine per 1000-kernel increased to some extent over the released years. The average annual increase for each trait was 1.159 g, 0.092 g and 0.001 g, respectively. Crude fat accumulation still decreased which is similar to its concentration. 【Conclusion】Overall, during the process of maize varieties improvement, the traits related to yield such as 1000-kernel weight and bulk weight are relatively fast improved in China, and the advance of them rely on, to a great extent, the enhancement of the crude starch concentration, however, which may lead to an effect of carbon dilution on the concentrations of crude protein, lysine and crude fat. The carbon dilution effects and the relatively fast improvement in 1000-kernel weight determined the different performances between concentrations and accumulations for crude protein and lysine. Besides, the relationships between the traits of suitable mechanical grain-harvesting and grain quality deserve further attention during the selection of suitable mechanical grain-harvesting variety.

Key words: maize, national certification, variety, yield, quality, carbon dilution effect

Fig. 1

Number and types of maize varieties released in China from 1992 to 2017"

Fig. 2

Trends of volume weight (A) and 1000-kernel weight (B) for common maize varieties released in China ○: Single variety point; ▲: Average values for each year; ●: Maximum value of the varieties released; ●: Minimum value of the varieties released. Linear curves were fitted by annual average values. For each index, * and ** indicate significance levels at 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. The same as below"

Fig. 3

Trends of crude starch concentration (A), crude protein concentration (B), lysine concentration (C) and crude fat concentration (D) of common maize varieties released in China from 1992 to 2017 Points of lysine concentration are partially overlapped"

Table 1

Correlation analysis for different traits of maize grain"

性状
Trait		 粗淀粉含量
Crude starch concentration		 粗蛋白含量
Crude protein concentration		 赖氨酸含量
Lysine concentration		 粗脂肪含量
Crude fat concentration		 容重
Volume-
weight		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight
粗淀粉含量Crude starch concentration 1.000
粗蛋白含量Crude protein concentration -0.462** 1.000
赖氨酸含量Lysine concentration -0.282** 0.481** 1.000
粗脂肪含量Crude fat concentration -0.245** -0.060 -0.192** 1.000
容重Volume-weight 0.189** -0.069 -0.011 -0.141** 1.000
千粒重1000-kernel weight 0.309** -0.205** -0.136** -0.102* 0.077 1.000

Fig. 4

Accumulation amount per 1000-kernel of crude starch (A), crude protein (B), lysine (C) and crude fat (D) for common maize varieties released in China from 1992 to 2017"

Fig. 5

Ratios of the annual average concentrations of crude protein(A) , lysine(B) and crude fat(C) to the concentration of crude starch for common maize varieties released in China from 1992 to 2017"

Fig. 6

Average values of crude starch(A), crude protein(B), lysine(C) and crude fat(D) for common and suitable for mechanical grain-harvesting maize varieties released in China from 1992 to 2017 AVG: Average values for common maize varieties from 1992 to 2017; MGH: Average values for suitable for mechanical grain-harvesting maize"

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