聚脲甲醛缓释氮肥一次性基施在双季稻上的应用效果

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.017

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This experiment was carried out to study the effect of one-off application of poly urea- formaldehyde fertilizer with reduced N rate on double rice and to explore the possibility of one-off application of poly urea- formaldehyde fertilizer on double rice, thus providing a theoretical basis for simple and easy, synergistic and less nitrogen fertilizer practice, so as to increase fertilizer efficiency, and reduce the non-point source pollution.【Method】The conventional rice variety “Jingxiang Simiao” was used in a field experiment. One year field experiment, including early rice and late rice, was conducted. Under the conventional total N input of 180 kg·hm^-2, the one-off application of poly urea-formaldehyde fertilizer with reduced 0, 23%, 38% and 47% N rate (UF1, UF2, UF3 and UF4, respectively), conventional fertilization (CF, 50% of base fertilizer, 20% of turning green fertilizer and 30% of elongation fertilizer), and no nitrogen fertilizer (CK) were designed. All the experimental fields were fertilized with P₂O₅ 55 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 130 kg·hm^-2, which were supplied by calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride. Research mainly focused on the influence of one-off application with reduced N rate on the yield, biomass, NPK contents of the above-ground portion, nitrogen use efficiency of rice, and the inorganic nitrogen content in soil. 【Result】(1) There were no significant differences in the grain yields of early and late rice among CF, UF1, and UF2 treatments. The grain yield of early rice under UF3 treatments reduced significantly by 7.52% comparing with CF treatment (P<0.05). The grain yield of early and late rice under UF4 treatment all decreased significantly by 9.84% and 9.75%, respectively, comparing with CF treatment (P<0.05). (2) Comparing with CF treatment, the effective panicles per hill for early rice and late rice in treatment UF4 were 0.80 and 0.39 less, while the decrease during early rice had reached significant level (P<0.05). UF1, UF2 and UF3 treatments had the similar effective panicles, filled grains per panicle, filled grain rate, and 1000-grain weight of early rice and late rice with CF treatment. (3) The contents and accumulations of N, P and K in the straw and grain of the early and late rice under UF1 and UF2 treatments were not significantly different from the CF treatment. While the content and accumulation of N in the straw of late rice under UF3 treatment were lower by 30.73% and 23.60% respectively than CF treatment (P<0.05). And the UF4 had the lowest N content, N accumulation of early rice and late rice, which were 22.82% and 26.82% less, respectively, than CF treatment (P<0.05). (4) Comparing with CF treatment, UF2, UF3 and UF4 treatments had increased partial factor productivity of N fertilizer by 24.37%, 49.24% and 70.89%, respectively (P<0.05). But no significant differences in the agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer, N recovery efficiency, and physiological efficiency of N fertilizer among all fertilization treatments were observed. (5) No significant differences in the available inorganic N content in soil after rice harvest between UF and CF treatments were detected, but the total N content in the soil was slightly higher than that under CF treatment. Therefore, poly urea-formaldehyde fertilizer could be used as the special slow release fertilizer in the one-off fertilization technology for early and late rice.【Conclusion】UF2 treatment, the one-off application of poly urea-formaldehyde fertilizer with reduced 23% N rate had obtained relatively high grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in early and late rice seasons, and the cost of which was equal to CF. It was concluded that this fertilizer application method could be served as the an effective way to simplified fertilization and reduce N application in early and late rice cultivation.

Key words: rice, poly urea formaldehyde, one-off fertilization, nitrogen use efficiency, yield

QiaoYi HUANG, Mu ZHANG, Xu HUANG, ShuanHu TANG, FaBao ZHANG, YuWan PANG, Qiong YI, Ping LI, HongTing FU. Effect of One-off Application of Poly Urea-Formaldehyde Fertilizer Under Reduced N Rate on Double Cropping Rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(20): 3996-4006.

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References 42

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造次 Crop	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicles (No./hill)	每穗实粒数 Filled grains per panicle (No.)	结实率 Filled grain rate (%)	千粒重 1000 grain weight (g)
早稻 Early rice	CK	10.63±0.22c	167.00±5.82a	79.60±1.38a	20.57±0.25a
	CF	12.69±0.03a	189.00±5.34a	72.73±0.48b	20.53±0.16a
	UF1	12.57±0.15ab	183.5±10.80a	72.74±0.83b	20.51±0.22a
	UF2	12.43±0.11ab	183.25±4.92a	74.95±1.23ab	20.53±0.11a
	UF3	12.27±0.25ab	175.25±13.12a	73.34±1.18b	20.83±0.17a
	UF4	11.89±0.06b	174.75±9.77a	73.80±0.67b	20.30±0.13a
晚稻 Late rice	CK	9.30±0.43b	185.00±11.80a	81.24±1.79a	19.79±0.12a
	CF	11.70±0.31a	206.25±6.29a	76.62±1.66a	19.69±0.07a
	UF1	11.54±0.37a	200.50±8.63a	78.48±2.48a	19.62±0.15a
	UF2	11.45±0.21a	199.75±2.43a	78.21±2.53a	20.00±0.16a
	UF3	11.35±0.16a	190.25±3.47a	80.53±0.56a	20.15±0.12a
	UF4	11.31±0.26a	191.75±6.62a	80.23±1.01a	20.24±0.09a

造次 Crop	处理 Treatment	氮含量 N content (g·kg^-1)		磷含量 P content (g·kg^-1)		钾含量 K content (g·kg^-1)
造次 Crop	处理 Treatment	稻草 Straw	籽粒 Grain	稻草 Straw	籽粒 Grain	稻草 Straw	籽粒 Grain
早稻 Early rice	CK	5.57±0.08b	9.97±0.28b	1.68±0.12a	3.00±0.14a	26.50±0.86a	2.95±0.07a
	CF	10.40±0.23a	12.95±0.47a	1.84±0.17a	3.02±0.09a	26.97±1.80a	2.88±0.05a
	UF1	9.60±0.50a	12.40±0.33a	1.79±0.12a	3.05±0.04a	27.85±1.42a	2.92±0.06a
	UF2	9.52±0.49a	12.82±0.34a	1.79±0.13a	3.07±0.15a	26.77±1.29a	2.97±0.05a
	UF3	8.62±0.71a	12.12±0.53a	1.80±0.15a	3.02±0.29a	28.41±1.44a	2.90±0.03a
	UF4	8.27±0.57a	11.27±0.24ab	1.74±0.08a	3.08±0.16a	26.31±1.20a	2.86±0.07a
晚稻 Late rice	CK	6.47±0.40c	11.47±0.60b	1.99±0.08a	2.51±0.09a	21.06±1.09a	3.17±0.17a
	CF	10.25±0.54a	14.60±0.62a	2.06±0.25a	2.64±0.10a	21.00±0.57a	3.28±0.10a
	UF1	8.80±0.34ab	12.52±0.21ab	2.11±0.09a	2.56±0.11a	19.57±0.62a	3.19±0.10a
	UF2	8.40±0.35ab	12.55±0.68ab	2.05±0.11a	2.59±0.04a	19.26±0.74a	3.28±0.05a
	UF3	7.10±0.45bc	12.07±0.63ab	2.00±0.09a	2.56±0.10a	20.50±1.17a	3.22±0.13a
	UF4	6.52±0.17c	11.85±0.17b	1.92±0.15a	2.53±0.09a	19.57±0.73a	3.07±0.20a

造次 Crop	处理 Treatment	氮肥农学效率 NAE (kg?kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 PFPN (kg?kg^-1)	氮肥利用率 NRE (%)	氮肥生理利用率 NPE (kg?kg^-1)
早稻 Early rice	CK
	CF	5.50±0.16a	37.29±0.52d	25.12±0.89a	19.09±2.76a
	UF1	5.91±0.74a	36.11±0.85d	24.37±1.56a	18.87±4.70a
	UF2	6.67±0.47a	46.79±0.74c	28.43±3.01a	16.01±1.33a
	UF3	7.43±0.78a	55.36±1.59b	29.01±3.43a	19.76±1.76a
	UF4	6.11±0.68a	63.70±1.37a	24.18±2.51a	20.08±4.70a
晚稻 Late rice	CK
	CF	6.31±0.83a	29.79±1.01d	35.21±1.89a	19.39±2.87a
	UF1	6.02±0.94a	29.06±0.72d	30.58±1.48a	23.74±4.80a
	UF2	6.94±1.10a	36.72±0.98c	36.02±5.03a	25.83±2.71a
	UF3	7.39±0.97a	44.69±0.94b	36.17±3.34a	23.08±2.57a
	UF4	7.88±1.13a	50.93±1.86a	35.80±2.03a	27.30±4.23a

造次 Crop	处理 Treatment	碱解氮 Alkali N(mg?kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g?kg^-1)
早稻 Early rice	CK	116.61±3.69a	1.52±0.04a
	CF	130.20±3.66a	1.52±0.04a
	UF1	131.17±2.44a	1.63±0.02a
	UF2	129.53±2.31a	1.60±0.02a
	UF3	122.73±3.77a	1.60±0.02a
	UF4	124.81±4.12a	1.64±0.04a
晚稻 Late rice	CK	124.30±3.50a	1.51±0.05a
	CF	136.69±3.69a	1.53±.0.03a
	UF1	136.53±4.29a	1.63±0.03a
	UF2	136.26±7.53a	1.66±0.06a
	UF3	136.08±5.46a	1.65±0.04a
	UF4	129.07±1.48a	1.54±0.06a

Effect of One-off Application of Poly Urea-Formaldehyde Fertilizer Under Reduced N Rate on Double Cropping Rice

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