Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (20): 3941-3950.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.012

• TECHNIQUE APPLICATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Reduced Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Transportation of Spring Maize

CaiXia YIN(), Qian LI, LiLi KONG, YuBo QIN, Meng WANG, Lei YU, ChunGuang LIU, LiChun WANG, YunPeng HOU()   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Changchun 130033
  • Received:2018-01-19 Accepted:2018-06-26 Online:2018-10-16 Published:2018-10-16

Abstract:

【Objective】The field experiment was conducted to research the formation of dry matter, nutrient requirement and distribution characteristics of spring maize when the rate of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRU) was lower than that of farmers conventional fertilization, to cope with the unreasonable nitrogen fertilizer application and the decrease of the nitrogen utilization efficiency of spring maize in Jilin province. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of CRU on yield, nitrogen absorption and transportation, and to provide scientific references to the reasonable CRU application of spring maize in Jilin province. 【Method】The field experiment was carried out in Liufangzi village, Gongzhuling city, Jilin province from 2013 to 2014. The maize variety was Xianyu335 in this experiment. It consisted of five fertilization treatments, including no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), farmer conventional fertilization (FP), recommended fertilization (OPT, the N fertilizer rate was less than that of FP by 25%), the N fertilizer rate was the same as OPT (CRU1), and the N fertilizer rate was less than that of FP by 40% (CRU2). The two-year study systematically analyzed the maize plant biomass, nitrogen accumulation at different growth stages and distribution characteristics at mature stage, and studied the effects of maize yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen transportation efficiency under different nitrogen fertilization treatments. 【Result】There were significant differences between yield and its components of different nitrogen treatments, and the interaction between years and treatments was extremely significant difference. Maize yield increased slightly with decreasing of nitrogen application rate. The higher yield of CRU1 treatment was significantly higher than that of FP treatment by 4.5% in the average two years, but the yield was no significant difference between CRU1 and OPT treatments. Reduced CRU application increased nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE), agricultural efficiency (NAE), partial factor productivity (NPFP) and utilization efficiency (NUE) than them of FP treatment. The NPE, NAE, NPFP and NUE of CRU1 treatment were higher than that of FP treatment by 28.5%, 4.9 kg·kg-1, 18.1 kg·kg-1 and 18.4%, respectively. The dry matter accumulation amount appeared fast-slow-fast dynamic changes with the development of the maize growth stages, and the annual change trend was consistent basically under these treatments. The dry matter accumulation of maize shoot under CRU1 treatment was higher than that of FP treatment by 7.7%. Reduced CRU application did not affect the nitrogen accumulation and distribution at maize later growth stage, but could improve plant nitrogen absorption and utilization ability, and promoted the nutrition transportation efficiency after flowering stage. The nitrogen accumulation of CRU1 treatment was higher than that of FP treatment by 5.0% of maize. The contribution rate to grain of CRU1 treatment was the highest than the other treatments by 62.1% in the average two years, which was higher than that under FP treatment by 13.3%. 【Conclusion】Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer decreased nitrogen fertilizer by 25% (180 kg·hm-2). It did not only increase maize yield, but also improved nitrogen transportation efficiency, therefore resulting in higher nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. There were no significant difference between CRU treatment and OPT treatment on maize yield, nutrition accumulation and transportation, and nitrogen utilization efficiency, but which of CRU and OPT was significantly higher than FP treatment, respectively.

Key words: spring maize, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, reduced fertilizer application, yield, nitrogen accumulation

Table 1

Experiment treatments and the rate of fertilization"

处理
Treatment
肥料用量The rates of fertilization (kg·hm-2)
N P2O5 K2O
CK 0 90 90
FP 240 90 90
OPT 180 90 90
CRU1 180 90 90
CRU2 144 90 90

Table 2

Effect of different N fertilization methods on maize yield and its components"

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
产量
Yield (kg·hm-2)
收获穗数
Ear number (ear/hm2)
穗粒数
Kernel number (No./ear)
百粒重
100-grains weight (g)
2013 CK 9596b 55115b 540.0b 32.8d
FP 12448a 58201a 588.3a 37.9c
OPT 12762a 58642a 598.5a 39.7b
CRU1 12779a 60406a 598.5a 40.7a
CRU2 12727a 59965a 609.5a 39.2c
2014 CK 9427c 54674b 489.3b 31.5b
FP 9722bc 58201a 530.7ab 34.7a
OPT 10753a 59965a 554.7ab 35.1a
CRU1 10380ab 59524a 576.0a 35.0a
CRU2 10019bc 58642a 566.7a 34.9a
均值
Mean
CK 9512b 54894b 514.7c 32.2c
FP 11085a 58201a 559.5b 36.3b
OPT 11757a 59303a 576.6a 37.4ab
CRU1 11579a 59965a 587.3a 37.8ab
CRU2 11373a 59303a 588.1a 37.1ab
变异来源Source of varieties
施氮方式Methods of N fertilization (F) ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) ** NS ** **
施氮方式×年份 F×Y ** NS NS **

Table 3

Effect of different N fertilization methods on N fertilizer utilization efficiency"

处理
Treatment
氮肥生理利用率
NPE (kg·kg-1)
氮肥农学利用率
AEN (kg·kg-1)
氮肥偏生产力
PFPN (kg·kg-1)
氮肥利用率
NUE (%)
FP 23.9b 6.6b 46.2c 22.1b
OPT 28.6a 12.5a 65.3b 41.8a
CRU1 30.7a 11.5a 64.3b 40.5a
CRU2 27.2a 12.9a 79.0a 43.8a

Fig. 1

The dynamic of spring maize shoot dry matter accumulation udner different N fertilization methods"

Fig. 2

The distribution ratios of dry matter in maize each organs at mature stage Different small letters indicate significant difference between treatments at 5% level. The same as below"

Fig. 3

The dynamic of spring maize shoot N accumulation in different N fertilization methods"

Fig. 4

The distribution ratios of nitrogen in maize each organs at mature stage"

Table 4

The characteristics of nitrogen transportation in maize plant under different N fertilization methods"

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
转运量
Transportation amount (kg·hm-2)
转运率
Transportation rate (%)
对籽粒氮贡献率
Contribution rate to grain (%)
2013 CK 64.2c 52.0d 52.9c
FP 112.4b 57.7c 65.4b
OPT 122.9b 59.6bc 62.8b
CRU1 142.3a 67.8a 75.2a
CRU2 124.3b 62.6b 69.7ab
2014 CK 33.5c 43.7a 36.3b
FP 47.8b 43.7a 44.1ab
OPT 58.6a 47.8a 47.4a
CRU1 56.2ab 43.8a 48.9a
CRU2 59.6a 46.9a 49.2a
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