长期不同施肥下紫色土-作物体系镉累积及安全性评估

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.18.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study focused on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in soil and availability in crop induced by 23 years (1997-2013) fertilization to evaluate the extent of soil Cd contamination and the safety threshold, so that which could offer suggestions to the fertilization strategy and soil Cd safety standard of Southwest China. 【Method】 Eight fertilization treatments were employed, including only nitrogen (N), nitrogen and potassium (NK), nitrogen plus phosphorus and potassium (NPK), chemical fertilizer plus pig manure (NPK+M), chemical fertilizer plus rice straw (NPK+S), 1.5 times chemical fertilizer plus rice straw (1.5NPK+S), chloride-based fertilizers plus rice straw ((NK)_ClP+S), as well as no fertilizer control (CK). Soil available Cd, soil total Cd concentration and Cd uptake by crop among different years were measured to evaluate the Cd accumulation. 【Result】 The results showed that the soil total Cd increased with the extension of fertilization time, the total Cd accumulation in soil treated with CK, N and NK for a long time without phosphorus fertilizer increased slowly, the total Cd accumulation in soil treated with phosphate fertilizer, organic fertilizer and chlorinated fertilizer increased rapidly, and NPK+M, 1.5NPK+S and (NK)_ClP+S had more accumulation, increasing 1.18, 1.18 and 1.15 mg·kg^-1 after 23 years fertilization, respectively. Except for without phosphate fertilizer treatments, the total Cd accumulation of all the other soils above 0.6 mg·kg^-1 had the soil environmental quality risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land. The soil available Cd was significantly higher under all fertilization treatments than that under CK, thereinto, the content of soil available Cd increased significantly with long-term application of N, (NK)_ClP+S and 1.5NPK+S. The Cd concentration in rice grain was all raised with the increasing of fertilization time, while it didn’t exceed the national food safety standard of China (Cd≤0.2 mg·kg^-1). There were no obvious changes of wheat grain Cd concentration among different years, but only the Cd concentration in grain of (NK)_ClP+S treatment exceeded the pollutant limit standards of food of China (Cd≤0.1 mg·kg^-1). 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, long-term different fertilization, especially the application of phosphate fertilizer and swine manure organic manure, increased the soil total Cd content and increased the ecological risk; The long-term application of chlorinated fertilizers increased the soil available Cd content because of the decrease of soil pH, and reduced the Cd content in wheat grains. Therefore, preventing Cd from entering farmland by fertilization is an important link to ensure the safe production of agricultural products.

Key words: long-term fertilization, purple soil, wheat, rice, Cd accumulation

Ke WANG, ChunLi XU, YuTing ZHANG, ZhiBin ZHENG, DingYong WANG, XiaoJun SHI. Cd Accumulation and Safety Assessment of Soil-Crop System Induced by Long-Term Different Fertilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(18): 3542-3550.

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Table 1

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References 38

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处理 Treatment	年吸收量 Annual uptake (mg?hm^-2·a^-1)		年吸收总量 Total annual uptake (mg?hm^-2·a^-1)
处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain	秸秆 Straw	年吸收总量 Total annual uptake (mg?hm^-2·a^-1)
CK	47.3	55.3	102.6
N	165.3	259.4	424.7
NK	206.2	220.5	426.7
NPK	234.5	240.9	475.5
NPK+M	313.2	227.3	540.5
NPK+S	247.2	258.7	505.9
1.5NPK+S	239.5	356.7	596.1
(NK)_ClP+S	367.8	450.7	818.5

处理 Treatment	年吸收量 Annual uptake (mg?hm^-2·a^-1)		年吸收总量 Total annual uptake (mg?hm^-2·a^-1)
处理 Treatment	籽粒Grain	秸秆Straw	年吸收总量 Total annual uptake (mg?hm^-2·a^-1)
CK	61.7	260.8	322.4
N	94.5	449.2	543.7
NK	101.6	505.0	606.7
NPK	310.1	939.6	1249.7
NPK+M	293.0	1115.5	1408.5
NPK+S	233.3	769.7	1003.1
1.5NPK+S	380.3	1520.4	1900.8
(NK)_ClP+S	547.1	2247.7	2794.7

Cd Accumulation and Safety Assessment of Soil-Crop System Induced by Long-Term Different Fertilization

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